Widely tunable, high-repetition-rate, dual signal-wave optical parametric oscillator by using two periodically poled crystals

This paper reports on a high-repetition-rate dual signal-wave (DSW) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operating at the 1.5 μm band with tunable wavelength intervals from 2.5 nm to 69.1 nm. Two periodically poled crystals, a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) with multiple gratings and a single grating MgO-doped PPLN (PPMgOLN), are cascaded in the same OPO cavity to generate dual signal-waves by using quasi-phase-matched (QPM) technique. The pump source was a Q-switched diode-pumped Nd:YVO₄ laser operating at 50 kHz. At an incident pump power of 3 W, an average output power of 169.6 mW at 1489.2 nm and 1558.3 nm has been achieved.     

Continuous-wave mid-infrared intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate

This paper reports a continuous-wave (CW) mid-infrared intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) pumped by a diode-end-pumped CW Nd:YVO$_{4}$ laser. Considering the thermal lens effects, it adopted an optical ballast lens and the near-concentric cavity for better operation. At the PPLN's grating period of 28.5\,$\mu$m and the temperature of 140\du, the maximum idler output power of 155\,mW at 3.86\,$\mu$m has been achieved when the 808\,nm pump power is 8.5\,W, leading to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 1.82{\%}.     

Continuous-wave mid-infrared intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate

This paper reports a continuous-wave （CW） mid-infrared intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN） pumped by a diode-end-pumped CW Nd：YVO4 laser. Considering the thermal lens effects, it adopted an optical ballast lens and the near-concentric cavity for better operation. At the PPLN＇s grating period of 28.5 μm and the temperature of 140℃, the maximum idler output power of 155 mW at 3.86 μm has been achieved when the 808 nm pump power is 8.5 W, leading to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 1.82%.     

1-W, high-repetition-rate room temperature operation of mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled MgO-doped LiNbO

In this paper a high-repetition-rate mid-infrared （mid-IR） optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled MgO-doped LiNbO3 （PPMgLN） at room temperature was demonstrated. The maximum average mid-IR output power at 3.63μm was 1.02 W with the repetition rate of 60kHz and corresponding efficiency from the pump to the idler was 26.7%. The temperature tuning and the period tuning characteristics were also discussed.     

The ridge waveguide fabrication with periodically poled MgO-doped lithium niobate for green laser

Ridge waveguides were fabricated using an external field, a precision lapping machine and neutron loop discharge (NLD) in magnesium-oxide-doped lithium niobate. The measured quasi-phase-matching (QPM) wavelength of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) in a 30 mm long periodically poled magnesium-doped lithium niobate (PPMgLN) ridge waveguide which has a domain period of 6.8 μm is about 532 nm. A fabricated periodically poled magnesium-doped lithium niobate ridge waveguide was duty cycle of 51.9 ± 2.83% and demonstrated second-harmonic generation. By using this periodically poled magnesium-doped lithium niobate ridge waveguide, highly effective, low-cost optical devices with high power or short wavelength can be achieved.     

Temperature-dependent second harmonic generation process based on an MgO-doped periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide

The temperature dependency of a 5-mol% MgO-doped periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide was investigated in this paper. We started with the temperature-dependent refractive index equation for the waveguide. Secondly, the temperature dependency of the second harmonic generation effect was experimentally researched under different temperatures and pump powers. The quasi-phase matched wavelengths, efficiency bandwidths and peak efficiencies of the waveguide were measured. The experimental results agreed with theoretical simulations, which are indispensable in the following all-optical sampling studies based on the cascaded second harmonic generation/difference-frequency generation process in the current device.     

Mid-infrared generation based on a periodically poled LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator

We report a nanosecond Nd:YVO_4-pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on periodically poled LiNbO_3 (PPLN). Tuning is achieved in this experiment by varying the temperature and period of the PPLN. The design of double-pass singly resonant oscillator (DSRO) and confocal cavity enables the OPO threshold to be lowered considerably, resulting in a simple, compact, all-solid-state configuration with the mid-infrared idler powers of up to 466mW at 3.41μm.     

Low-threshold, high-efficiency, high-repetition-rate optical parametric generator based on periodically poled LiNbO3

We report a high-repetition-rate optical parametric generator (OPG) with a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal pumped by an acousto-optically Q-switched CW-diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO_4 laser. For the maximum 1064nm pump power of 970mW, the maximum conversion efficiency is 32.9% under the conditions of 250℃, 1064nm pulse repetition rate of 22.6kHz and pulse width of 12ns, and the PPLN OPG threshold in the collinear case is less than 23.7μJ. The output power increases with the increase of the crystal temperature. The 1485－1553nm signal wave and 3383－3754nm idler wave are obtained by changing the temperature and the angle of the PPLN crystal.     

High efficiency continuous-wave tunable signal output of an intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate

In this paper we report on a continuous-wave (CW) intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (ICSRO) based on periodically poled LiNbO₃ (PPLN) pumped by a diode-end-pumped CW Nd:YVO₄ laser. Considering the thermal lens effects and diffraction loss, an optical ballast lens and a near-concentric cavity are adopted for better operation. Through varying the grating period and the temperature, the tunable signal output from 1406~nm to 1513~nm is obtained. At a PPLN grating period of 29~μ m and a temperature of 413~K, a maximum signal output power of 820~mW at 1500~nm is achieved when the 808~nm pump power is 10.9~W, leading to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 7.51%.     

Three-wavelength generation from cascaded wavelength conversion in monolithic periodically poled lithium niobate

Tunable coherent emission is generated in a single-pass,cascaded wavelength conversion process from mode-locked laser-pumped monolithic periodically poled lithium niobate(PPLN).Three ranges of wavelength,including visible output from 628 nm to 639 nm,near-infrared output from 797 nm to 816 nm,and mid-infrared output from 3167 nm to 3459 nm,were obtained from the monolithic PPLN,which consists of a 10-mm section for 532-nm-pumped optical parametric generation(OPG)and a 7-mm section for 1064-nm-pumped sum frequency generation(SFG).A pump-to-signal conversion efficiency of 23.4%for OPG at 50°C and a quantum efficiency of 26.2%for SFG at 200°C were obtained.     

准相位匹配PPMgLN光参量振荡技术

 理论上分析了PPMgLN光参量振荡波长调谐特性,计算了泵浦阈值和转换效率。准相位匹配情况下,周期调谐是获得中红外波长调谐有效方法之一。采用高斯光束泵浦,当泵浦功率密度超过阈值泵浦功率密度约6.5倍时,可以获得最高转换效率,约71%。采用1 064 nm激光泵浦多周期PPMgLN晶体,实验上获得了波长调谐范围2.7~4.8 mm,当泵浦功率为8 W时,在波长3.7 mm处激光输出功率超过1.6 W,斜效率超过20%,相应的转换效率约为69%,与理论分析基本一致。     

Period and temperature tuning of cascaded opticalparametric oscillator based on periodically poled LiNbO3

We report the broadly tunable source by a cascaded optical parametric oscillator in the periodically poled LiNbO_3 (PPLN) with domain grating period and temperature tuning. The optical parametric oscillator was pumped by a passive Q-switched Nd:YVO_4 laser. Multi-wavelength outputs from visible to infrared were obtained. The temperature of the PPLN crystal changed within the range of 70－150℃ with different periods of PPLN. The tunable range covered from 433 to 1657nm.     

激光热效应对PPLN晶体倍频效率的影响

从准相位失配关系出发,研究了PPLN晶体倍频效率与温度的关系,针对温度对折射率与极化周期的影响,分析了激光热效应对准相位匹配系统谐波转换过程的影响。采用有限元分析法计算了PPLN材料内部温度分布状况,并对热效应影响下晶体内部倍频效率变化情况进行了计算。计算结果表明：在不同基频光功率密度下,在倍频过程中晶体温度及通光方向截面折射率的分布不同,在倍频晶体出射面倍频效率的分布也不同;随基频光功率密度增大,晶体整体温度与折射率增大,出射端面倍频效率分布随基频光功率密度变化而变化;与理想条件倍频系统相比,激光热效应对晶体倍频效率有一定的影响。     

High-efficiency,high-repetition-rate,temperature-tuning optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled MgO-doped lithium niobate

We report a compact and viable source of high-efficiency, high-repetition-rate, temperature-tuning, mid-IR optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on periodically poled MgO-doped lithium niobate (PPMgOLN) pumped by a homemade high power AOM Q-switched Nd:YVO₄ laser centered at 1.064 μm. With an optimal plane-concave resonator configuration, average output power of 5.7 W at 2.73 μm was obtained when the pump power was 25 W at the repetition rate of 80 kHz. The conversion efficiency from the 1.064 μm laser to the 2.73 μm laser was 22.8%. Temperature tuning of the OPO yielded a signal wavelength range from 1.67 to 1.75 μm and an idler wavelength in the range of 2.72 to 2.92 μm.     

Periodically poled lithium niobate structures grown by the off-center Czochralski technique for backward and forward second harmonic generation

We report on the characterization of periodically poled lithium niobate structures grown by the off-center Czochralski technique with periods ranging between 2 and . The domains distribution along the crystal was inspected by a profilometer scan after etching the structures and carrying a suitable data processing. The second harmonic generation efficiency was predicted by numerically integrating the governing equations through to a recently proposed nonlinear bidirectional beam propagation method. The numerical analysis pointed out the feasibility of the backward second harmonic generation in the sample with the shortest domain period. The predicted second harmonic generation efficiency was finally corrected considering the phase shifts induced in the second harmonic wave by the presence of different sized domains.     

周期性极化铌酸锂晶体光参量振荡调谐与容差特性分析

研究了周期性极化铌酸锂晶体光参量振荡的工作机理,并讨论了其波长调谐特性与极化反转光栅周期、抽运光波长与晶体温度的关系.在此基础上,通过对相位失配因子求微分的方案,分析了光参量振荡的增益与光栅周期、抽运光波长与晶体温度的关系,以及光栅周期、抽运光波长与晶体温度容差的关系 关键词： 准相位匹配 周期性极化铌酸锂 光参量振荡     

Influence of Mg doping on the dielectric properties of MgO-doped lithium niobate

The dielectric function of MgO-doped lithium niobate (LN:Mg) has been calculated, which depends on the angular frequency and Mg concentration. On the basis of our experimental data and the defect structure models, the substitution of Li ions by Mg ions will strongly influence the dielectric properties of LN:Mg.     

基于周期极化反转铌酸锂光波导高速非归零码到归零码的转换

研究了基于周期极化反转铌酸锂光波导级联二阶非线性效应实现非归零码到归零码高速全光码型转换的新方案，使用的是马赫-曾德尔干涉仪结构.转换原理是非归零码信号光在级联倍频和差频过程中受到的放大作用引起马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的不平衡，进而通过干涉相消产生归零码信号光输出.首先从耦合波方程出发，数值模拟了非归零码到归零码码型转换过程.然后分析了波导长度、光功率、相对时延对消光比的影响并对码型转换进行了优化设计.最后分析了转换带宽，模拟计算表明信号光在90nm的3dB带宽内可调谐，进而可以实现多信道的同时转换.     

基于周期极化反转铌酸锂光波导高速非归零码到归零码的转换

研究了基于周期极化反转铌酸锂光波导级联二阶非线性效应实现非归零码到归零码高速全光码型转换的新方案,使用的是马赫-曾德尔干涉仪结构.转换原理是非归零码信号光在级联倍频和差频过程中受到的放大作用引起马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的不平衡,进而通过干涉相消产生归零码信号光输出.首先从耦合波方程出发,数值模拟了非归零码到归零码码型转换过程.然后分析了波导长度、光功率、相对时延对消光比的影响并对码型转换进行了优化设计.最后分析了转换带宽,模拟计算表明信号光在90nm的3dB带宽内可调谐,进而可以实现多信道的同时转换. 关键词： 码型转换 级联倍频和差频 周期极化反转铌酸锂 马赫-曾德尔干涉仪     

Widely tunable high power OPO based on a periodically poled MgO doped lithium niobate crystal

An optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a highly MgO doped periodically poled lithium niobate (PPMgLN) crystal was experimentally demonstrated and the result is presented in this report. The PPMgLN wafer was fabricated from a MgO doped (with 6 mol% doping concentration) lithium niobate crystal by means of high voltage pulse trigged domain reversal technique and has 20 domain reversal periods from 27.8 to with a step of between the neighbor periods. An acousto-optic (AO) Q-switched Nd³⁺:YVO₄ laser was used as the pumping laser. A maximum laser output power of 4.8 W has been achieved for the OPO when the pumping power is 10.8 W and it corresponds to an optic-optic conversion efficiency of 44%. By shifting the PPMgLN wafer, the periods of the domain structure on the PPMgLN wafer can be changed, thus enabling a wide spectral tuning range of the laser output from 1.42 to (for the signal light) and from 2.76 to (for the idler light).