光束指向稳定性高精度检测方法研究北大核心CSCD

光束指向稳定性是高能激光应用研究中的一项关键指标,光束指向稳定性的检测是高能激光系统性能实现的重要环节。以长焦距聚焦反射镜与高分辨率CCD(charge coupled device)为主要元件,构建高精度的光束指向检测装置。采用灰度重心法定位光斑中心,并以理想光斑与实测光斑为例进行验证,误差小于1个像元。利用CCD高频采样,统计单位时间内光斑中心位移,获得光束指向稳定性指标,检测实例精度可达1.25μrad。该方法简便易行,测量精度高,适用于各种波长的激光光束指向检测以及其他相关参数的测量。     

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为EAST装置中性束注入器设计了一套用于将剩余离子在线电偏转的结构,并对系统各设备的核心参数进行了估算。在4.41kV偏转电压作用下,该电偏转系统可提供80keV氘离子束偏转所需的偏转电场。在偏转电场调制情况下,该电偏转系统可有效降低极板表面的热负荷,进而满足EAST中性束注入器稳态运行的需要。     

像增强器的光生背景噪声对微光目标质心探测精度的影响及其抑制方法

 像增强器作为微光探测器件，在天文目标观测、空间目标捕获、跟踪和瞄准以及生物荧光光谱探测等方面发挥越来越大的作用。重点讨论了在微弱亮度的空间点目标探测应用中，像增强器的光生背景噪声对目标质心探测的影响。实验和分析表明，像增强器的光生背景噪声是由目标信号寄生而来的，并且呈现散粒噪声特性，无法采取屏蔽环境背景杂光、阈值去背景等方法来消除光生背景噪声，对目标信号质心探测的影响很大。提出一种减小这种影响的质心计算方法，实验证明是有效的。     

中性束注入器电偏转系统的参数设计与估算研究

为EAST 装置中性束注入器设计了一套用于将剩余离子在线电偏转的结构,并对系统各设备的核心参数进行了估算。在4.41kV 偏转电压作用下,该电偏转系统可提供80keV 氘离子束偏转所需的偏转电场。在偏转电场调制情况下,该电偏转系统可有效降低极板表面的热负荷,进而满足EAST 中性束注入器稳态运行的需要。     

Study by temperature induced deflection of ageing and damaging of multilayered mirrors for satellites

In order to determine the causes reducing or destroying the stability of the multilayers which consist the essential parts of satellite mirrors, an experimental study, based on deflection tests has been performed. The observed temperature induced deflections are discussed in relation to diffusion controlled mechanisms producing microstructural changes in the multilayer. The deflections were observed when annealing the multilayers up to 573 K, in a pure argon or oxygen atmosphere.The multilayers consisted in successive thin films, deposited on a 〈0 0 1〉 silicon substrate: first a 30 nm thick amorphous silica layer, then a metallic film, made of nickel or chromium, and finally a silver layer which ensures the reflective properties.It was verified that the metal glass interface remained stable during heat-treatments, while other diffusion controlled mechanisms could degrade the multilayers. Among them: the oxidation of the metallic layer, possible solid state reaction forming Ni₂Si, and well identified agglomerations of the silver layer with formation of hillocks and unwetted zones.     

计算模拟法改善激光波面

计算模拟方法设计位相元件可将基模高斯光束均匀化,将椭圆波面校正为圆对称波面.本文推导了理论模拟结果和实验参数的关系.计算模拟给出的实验装置较为简单,能量转换效率高.     

光热偏转检测技术自动测量的研究

介绍了光热偏转技术自动测量材料热物性的原理及实验方法。根据光热偏转检测理论建立了一套自动检测系统,从自动控制、数据采集和数据处理等方面实现了光热偏转检测技术的自动化测量。设计出了步进电机自动控制和数据处理软件。利用该系统对钛酸锶钡材料的热扩散率进行了测量,发现随着掺杂量铈的增加,钛酸锶钡的热扩散率逐渐减小,当掺杂量铈增加到一定值时,其热扩散率又开始增加。     

An improved method for shape measurement using two-dimensional digital image correlation

Shape measurement is a significant application of digital image correlation (DIC). An improved method that combines a rotatable plane mirror is proposed to measure the shape of an immovable object. In this method, two images, one before and the other after rotating the plane mirror, are obtained and then in-plane translation which related to the shape of the detected object can be calculated by the use of two-dimensional digital image correlation (2D DIC). The relationship between the in-plane translation and the shape of the object is described. Experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible for shape and distance measurement with high accuracy.     

Non-contact sound speed measurement by optical probing of beam deflection due to sound wave

We report a non-contact and non-invasive method of sound speed measurement by optical probing of deflected laser beam due to normally incident degenerated shock wave. In this study the shock wave from an exploding wire was degenerated to an ordinary sound wave at the distance exceeding 0.23 m. Temporal resolution of the deflected beam signal was improved by passing through an adequate electronic high-pass filter, as a result we obtained a better temporal resolution than that of the acoustic pressure detection by PZT transducer in terms of rising time. The spatial resolution was improved by passing the refracted beam signal into the edge of focusing lens to make a larger deflection angle. Sound speed was calculated by monitoring the time of flight of transient deflected signal at the predetermined position. Sound speed has been measured in air, distilled water and acryl, agreed well with the published values. The sound speed measured in the solution of glycerin, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), and dimethylformamide with various mole fractions also agrees within 3% of relative error with those measured in the present work by ultrasonic pulse echo method. The results suggest that the method proposed is to be reliable and reproducible.     

The asymptotic iteration method applied to certain quasinormal modes and non Hermitian systems

We study the Schrödinger equation with potentials admitting quasinormal modes using the asymptotic iteration method (AIM). We also study non-Hermitian PT symmetric potentials using AIM. The spectra, in all cases, are found to be in excellent agreement with exact results.     

Duffing方程的变分迭代解法

应用变分迭代算法分析了Dufing方程的强迫振动,得到了整个区域内(0 < ε < ∞)一致有效的近似解,其近似周期的最大相对误差小于5.66%,并得到了在整个区域内一致有效的主共振和次共振频率。     

相量法在交流电桥实验中的应用

相量法是分析正弦交流电路问题的重要方法之一.它的特点是数学模型简单、直观,可操作性强.本文以交流电桥实验中的电感桥和电容桥为例,展示了相量法在交流电桥平衡的分析与求解过程中的优点.该方法用于交流电桥实验不仅有助于学生巩固相量的概念,而且能深刻地理解交流电桥的测量原理.     

Iteration method for the inversion of simulated multiwavelength lidar signals to determine aerosol size distribution

A new method is proposed to derive the size distribution of aerosol from the simulated multiwavelength lidar extinction coefficients. The basis for this iteration is to consider the extinction efficiency factor of particles as a set of weighting function covering the entire radius region of a distribution. The weighting functions are calculated exactly from Mie theory. This method extends the inversion region by subtracting some extinction coefficient. The radius range of simulated size distribution is 0.1－10.0μm, the inversion radius range is 0.1－2.0μm, but the inverted size distributions are in good agreement with the simulated one.     

Evaluation of micromechanical properties of buckled SiOxNy-loaded membranes by combining the Twyman–Green interferometry with nanoindentation and point-wise deflection technique

In view of applications in MOEMS technology, an interferometric technique has been developed for determination of micromechanical properties of PECVD-deposited SiO_xN_y thin films. By combining the Twyman–Green interferometry with nanoindentation technique, an original “point-wise” deflection method is proposed, particularly appropriated to measure the residual stress in the case of silicon membranes compressively prestressed by SiO_xN_y deposition. For such SiO_xN_y membranes, operating at the first mode of buckling, the nonindentation permits the extraction of Young's modulus and interferometry measures the out-of-plan displacements, respectively. The proposed point-wise deflection technique combines both the interferometric and Young's modulus data, giving the access to the distribution of residual stress versus the optical quality of SiO_xN_y films. The residual stress is monitored as a function of the refractive index of SiO_xN_y, establishing the relationship between the optical and micromechanical properties of deposited thin films. High measuring accuracy and resolution have been demonstrated, allowing measurements to be used to enhance PECVD process control     

Photothermal probe beam deflection measurement of thermal diffusivity of atmospheric air

We have used a modified photothermal probe beam deflection system with a back pumping configuration for the measurements of the temperature-dependent thermal diffusivity of atmospheric air. The results are consistent and reasonably well agree with the literature values. The measured thermal diffusivity values are the same for the same measuring temperature regardless of the beam offsets and the deflecting surface temperatures. For the gas with known temperature-dependent thermal diffusivity, this method can be used to deduce the temperature of a gas from the measured thermal diffusivity value.     

小视场长焦距镜头畸变高精度测量研究

利用由精密测角仪、显微摄像测量系统、微型双光栅平面干涉仪、平行光管以及星点组成畸变测量系统,对小视场长焦距的镜头进行畸变测量。在计算镜头畸变中,利用中心视场区域内畸变设计无穷小,采用三次多项式拟和的方法,计算镜头理论焦距;在边视场采用像高高次方和视场角正弦高次方加权平均的方法对测量偏差角进行修正,得到各视场的相对和绝对畸变。通过实际测量和计算验证,镜头全视场畸变测量精度可达到0.02%。     

Burst模式在多波束声呐高帧率测深方法中的应用

在常规多波束测深声呐系统中,需要等待远距离目标信号到达接收基阵后才能再次发射探测信号,这将导致测深帧率下降。针对该问题,本文提出了一种基于Burst模式的多波束声呐高帧率测深方法。由于各角度的海底回波持续时间远小于远距离目标信号到达接收基阵的所需时间,根据这一特性我们采用Burst模式,通过等间隔地发射多帧信号并接收,同时保证发射的间隔大于最大波束持续时间,实现多帧信号在时间角度域中的分离,提高测深系统帧率。由于相邻帧的隧道效应会与部分波束发生重叠,针对该问题采用改进的线性约束最小方差算法,实现了低副瓣宽零陷的波束形成,从而削弱隧道效应的影响。最后通过仿真数据验证了本文所提方法的有效性,表明该方法在特定条件下能够将测深帧率提高3.3倍。     

多普勒振镜正弦调制多光束激光外差测量玻璃厚度的方法

本文提出了一种多普勒振镜正弦调制多光束激光外差测量玻璃厚度的新方法. 基于激光外差技术和多普勒效应, 通过做简谐振动的多普勒振镜对不同时刻入射光的频率进行正弦调制, 把待测厚度信息加载到外差信号的频率差中, 通过快速傅里叶变换对外差信号解调后可以同时得到多个待测玻璃厚度值, 经加权平均处理可以提高待测厚度的测量精度. 利用这种新方法, 通过MATLAB仿真测量了不同玻璃厚度值, 结果表明：该测量结果的最大相对误差小于0.008%.     

Accurate measurement of composite laminates deflection using digital speckle pattern interferometry

The modern digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) technique is applied for the accurate measurement of the full-field deflection distribution of a bent composite laminates. Two kinds of powerful phase-shifting methods, phase of differences method (PDM) and difference of phases method (DPM), are described briefly and employed in DSPI to quantitatively extract the phase information, respectively. A comparison of the deflection distributions measured by DPM and PDM indicates that the former has a better measurement accuracy than the latter in laminate's static test experiment.     

提高PCA识别率的新算法

针对基于主元分析(PCA)的识别算法不能最优区分不同种类样本的缺点,提出了一种新的多主元分析(Multi-PCA)识别算法。该算法为每类样本构造单独特征空间,用各个空间的特征向量重建待识别样本。特征空间是基于某类样本图像的共性建立,因此重建该类样本图像时将得到较小重建误差,而重建其它类图像时的误差较大。可以根据重建误差的大小来识别样本图像,将待识别样本分类到具有最小重建误差的特征空间。在ORL、YALE人脸库和标牌压印字符库上的实验结果显示,Multi-PCA的识别率比PCA有较大提高。