High-quality Gaussian basis sets for fourth-row atoms

Summary Energy-optimized Gaussian basis sets of triple-zeta quality for the atoms Rb-Xe have been derived. Two series of basis sets are developed; (24s 16p 10d) and (26s 16p 10d) sets which we expand to 13d and 19p functions as the 4d and 5p shells become occupied. For the atoms lighter than Cd, the (24s 16p 10d) sets with triple-zeta valence distributions are higher in energy than the corresponding double-zeta distribution. To ensure a triple-zeta distribution and a global energy minimum the (26s 16p 10d) sets were derived. Total atomic energies from the largest basis sets are between 198 and 284E _H above the numerical Hartree-Fock energies.     

Optimization of basis sets for isoelectronic series of closed-shell atoms in Hartree-Fock-Roothaan calculations

Optimization of the nonlinear parameters (orbital exponents) of basis functions in Hartree-Fock-Roothaan calculations may be canied out with a high degree of accuracy. A scheme using second-order methods is suggested for optimization of the orbital exponents of Slater type basis functions defining the ground state of closed-shell atoms. An exact fomula is derived for calculating the partial second derivatives of energy with respect to nonlinear parameters in temis of the density matrix. In bases of isoelectronic series, the orbital exponents are shown to be the linear functions of the charge of the ion nucleus. Optimization calculations are reported for He, Be, Ne, and Mg atoms and their isoelectronic series. Translated fromZhumal Struktumoi Khimii, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 217–228, March–April, 2000     

A study on universal Gaussian basis sets for first-row atoms

Analysis of various optimum and non-optimum Gaussian basis sets for firstrow elements have indicated that with a minimum increase of the basis set size and without loss of accuracy of the calculated total energy, a single universal Gaussian basis set may replace individually optimized Gaussian basis sets for a series of atoms. Such a universal Gaussian basis set may substantially reduce the computational work required for the calculation of molecular integrals in ab initio MO calculations.     

Gaussian basis sets for the first and second row atoms

Gaussian basis sets consisting for first row atoms of 7 s-type and 3 p-type and for second row atoms of 10 s-type and 6 p-type functions with optimized exponents are reported. These basis sets consists of at least two functions per atomic orbital.

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Zusammenfassung Es werden für die Atome der ersten und zweiten Reihe Basissätze aus Gaußfunktionen mitgeteilt, die aus 7 Funktionen vom s-Typ und 3 Funktionen vom p-Typ für die Elemente der ersten Reihe und 10 Funktionen vom s-Typ und 6 Funktionen vom p-Typ für die Elemente der zweiten Reihe mit optimierten Exponenten bestehen. Diese Basissätze bestehen aus wenigstens zwei Funktionen pro Atomorbital.

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Résumé Une base de 7 gaussiens du type s et 3 du type p est presenté pour les éléments du premier rang et de 10 gaussiens du type s et 6 du type p pour des éléments du deuxième rang; les exposants sont optimisés. Les bases consistent au moins en deux fonctions par orbital atomique.

     

Relativistic Gaussian basis sets for the atoms hydrogen to neon

Gaussian basis sets for use in relativistic molecular calculations are developed for atoms and ions with one to ten electrons. A relativistic radial wavefunction coupled to an angular function of l-symmetry is expanded into a linear combination of spherical Gaussians of the form r ^l exp (–r ²). One set of basis functions is used for all large and small components of the same angular symmetry. The expansion coefficients and the orbital exponents have been determined by minimizing the integral over the weighted square of the deviation between the Dirac or Dirac-Fock radial wavefunctions and their analytical approximations. The basis sets calculated with a weighting function inversely proportional to the radial distance are found to have numerical constants very similar to those of their energy-optimized non-relativistic counterparts. Atomic sets are formed by combining l-subsets. The results of relativistic and non-relativistic calculations based on these sets are analyzed with respect to different criteria, e.g. their ability to reproduce the relativistic total energy contribution and the spin-orbit splitting. Contraction schemes are proposed.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. A. Neckel on occasion of his 60th birthday     

Gaussian basis sets for calculation of spin densities in first-row atoms

Summary The suitability of Gaussian basis sets for ab initio calculation of Fermi contact spin densities is established by application to the prototype first-row atoms B-F having open shell p electrons. Small multiconfiguration self-consistent-field wave functions are used to describe relevant spin and orbital polarization effects. Basis sets are evaluated by comparing the results to highly precise numerical grid calculations previously carried out with the same wave function models. It is found that modest contracted Gaussian basis sets developed primarily for Hartree-Fock calculations can give semiquantitative results if augmented by diffuse functions and if further uncontracted in the outer core-inner valence region.     

Gaussian basis sets for molecular applications

The choice of basis set in quantum chemical calculations can have a huge impact on the quality of the results, especially for correlated ab initio methods. This article provides an overview of the development of Gaussian basis sets for molecular calculations, with a focus on four popular families of modern atom‐centered, energy‐optimized bases: atomic natural orbital, correlation consistent, polarization consistent, and def2. The terminology used for describing basis sets is briefly covered, along with an overview of the auxiliary basis sets used in a number of integral approximation techniques and an outlook on possible future directions of basis set design. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Small gaussian basis sets for second-row atoms

6s-type and 4p-type gaussian basis sets are obtained for the second row atoms by fitting, using a least squares criterion, to 12s-type and 9p-type gaussian basis sets which are close to the self-consistent field atomic orbital wave functions. The small gaussian expansions are considered to be more suited for molecular calculations using double basis sets. The differences between these sets and the 10s-type, 6p-type and 9s-type, 5p-type are analysed. For molecular calculations using single gaussian basis sets the 10s-type and 6p-type would seem to be the best compromise.

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Zusammenfassung Ein Basissatz von Gaußfunktionen vom 6s- bzw. 4p-Typ für Atome der zweiten Reihe wird erhalten, indem die Funktionen mit Hilfe des Kriteriums der kleinsten quadratischen Abweichung einem Satz von Gaußfunktionen vom 12s- bzw. 9p-Typ angepaßt werden; dabei ist der letztgenannte Satz der selbstkonsistenten Wellenfunktion aus Atomorbitalen stark angenähert. Die kürzeren Entwicklungen nach Gaußfunktionen werden für geeigneter bei Berechnungen mit zweifachen Basissätzen gehalten. Die Unterschiede zwischen diesen Sätzen und solchen vom 10s- bzw. 6p-Typ sowie vom 9s- und 5p-Typ werden untersucht. Für Molekülrechnungen mit einfachen Basissätzen von Gaußfunktionen scheint der Satz vom 10s- bzw. 6p-Typ den besten Kompromiß darzustellen.

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Résumé On obtient des bases gaussiennes de type 6s et 4p pour les atomes de la seconde ligne par ajustement selon un critère de moindre carré à des bases gaussiennes de type 12s et 9p proches des orbitales atomiques SCF. Les petits développements en gaussiennes sont plus adaptés à des calculs moléculaires en bases doubles. Analyse des différences entre cas bases et les bases de types 10s et 6p, 9s et 5p. Pour des calculs moléculaires à base simple, 10s et 6p semble le meilleur compromis.

     

Optimization of Gaussian basis sets for Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations

We investigate the optimization of Gaussian basis sets for relativistic calculations within the framework of the restricted Dirac-Hartree-Fock (DHF) method for atoms. We compare results for Rn of nonrelativistic and relativistic basis set optimizations with a finite nuclear-size. Optimization of separate sets for each spin-orbit component shows that the basis set demands for the lower j component are greater than for the higher j component. In particular, the p _1/2 set requires almost as many functions as the s _1/2 set. This implies that for the development of basis sets for heavy atoms, the symmetry type for which a given number of functions is selected should be based on j, not on l, as has been the case in most molecular calculations performed to date.     

Relativistic Gaussian basis sets for radon through plutonium

Summary Relativistic Gaussian basis sets of neutral atoms Rn-Pu and ions Th⁺⁴, U⁺³ and Pu⁺³ in the configurations of average energies are presented. The exponent parameters of the basis sets are determined by least-squares fitting to the numerical Dirac-Fock wave functions. The total energies obtained are within 0.155 a.u. of the Dirac-Fock limits and the qualities of the basis sets are between double-zeta and triple-zeta in the valence parts. Using the exponent parameters the Breit interaction energies have been calculated by perturbation theory and the self-consistent field treatment.     

Medium-size Gaussian basis sets for hydrogen through argon

Summary Medium-sized Gaussian basis sets are reoptimized for the ground states of the atoms from hydrogen through argon. The composition of these basis sets is (4s), (5s), and (6s) for H and He, (9s5p) and (12s7p) for the atoms Li to Ne, and (12s8p) and (12s9p) for the atoms Na to Ar. Basis sets for the² P states of Li and Na, and the³ P states of Be and Mg are also constructed since they are useful in molecular calculations. In all cases, our energies are lower than those obtained previously with Gaussian basis sets of the same size.     

Gaussian basis set for molecular wavefunctions containing second-row atoms

A Gaussian basis set consisting of 12s-type and 9p-type functions has been optimized for the second-row atoms. Energy values are also reported for different contractions of this basis set.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Basissatz von 12s- und 9p-Gaußfunktionen für die Atome der zweiten Periode optimiert. Für verschiedene Kontraktionen dieser Basis werden die Energiewerte angegeben.

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Résumé On presente un ensemble optimal de fonctions de base gaussiennes pour les atomes de la seconde ligne. Cet ensemble comprend 12 fonctions du type s et 9 fonctions du type p. On etudie egalement l'effet de differentes contractions de cet ensemble sur l'energie totale.

     

New relativistic ANO basis sets for transition metal atoms

New basis sets of the atomic natural orbital (ANO) type have been developed for the first, second, and third row transition metal atoms. The ANOs have been obtained from the average density matrix of the ground and lowest excited states of the atom, the positive and negative ions, and the atom in an electric field. Scalar relativistic effects are included through the use of a Douglas-Kroll-Hess Hamiltonian. Multiconfigurational wave functions have been used with dynamic correlation included using second order perturbation theory (CASSCF/CASPT2). The basis sets are applied in calculations of ionization energies, electron affinities, and excitation energies for all atoms and polarizabilities for spherically symmetric atoms. These calculations include spin-orbit coupling using a variation-perturbation approach. Computed ionization energies have an accuracy better than 0.2 eV in most cases. The accuracy of computed electron affinities is the same except in cases where the experimental values are smaller than 0.5 eV. Accurate results are obtained for the polarizabilities of atoms with spherical symmetry. Multiplet levels are presented for some of the third row transition metals.     

Locality of exchange matrices for common Gaussian basis sets

This article investigates a new approach to local approximations to exchange. When a finite basis set is introduced, any operator may be regarded as equivalent to a local operator if its matrix can be reproduced as the matrix of a multiplicative function operator. The expectation values of such operators can be determined from the electron density. Any matrix can be divided into local and nonlocal components, in a way dependent on linear dependencies among basis-set products. A measure of locality is provided by the ratio of the norm of the local component to that of the whole matrix. The local contribution to an expectation value can also be compared with the total. The self-consistent field exchange matrices and their expectation values for atoms Li through Ne and for LiH and HF with several Cartesian Gaussian basis sets were investigated in this way, and for the atoms, the exchange supermatrix was also examined. It has been found in all cases that the matrices and expectation values are more than 92% local; most are more than 99% local. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Cubic-grid Gaussian basis sets for electron scattering calculations IV

Summary An analytical formula has been derived for averaging the differential cross section for electron scattering with respect to isotropic target molecule orientation. It may be applied to any type ofT-matrix element k ^out|T|k ⁱⁿ in which the plane-wave functionsk ^out andk ⁱⁿ are expanded in a set ofs-type Gaussian functions. The formula for averaging was tested against results obtained by Monte-Carlo-type calculations and against experimental data for elastic electron scattering by the H₂ molecule.     

Accurate atomic Gaussian basis functions for second-row atoms: Small split-valence 3-21SP and 4-22SP basis sets

Small split-valence Gaussian 3-21SP and 4-22SP basis sets, previously reported for the first-row atoms [Chem. Phys. Lett., 229 , 151 (1996)], have been extended for the second-row elements of the Periodic Table. The total energies of the ground states of the second-row atoms calculated with the new basis sets are significantly lower than those obtained with the well-known 3-21G (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 104 , 2797 (1982)] and 4-31G [J. Chem. Phys., 56 , 5255 (1972)] basis sets. This is because, as first noted in our previous work for first-row atoms, that the 3-21G and 4-31G basis sets only correspond to a local minimum of the Hartree–Fock energy functional, which is relatively far from its global minimum. The proposed basis sets have been tested by performing geometry optimizations and calculations of normal frequencies in the harmonic approximation of some diatomic and polyatomic molecules at the Hartree–Fock level. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 18: 1200–1210     

Ground-state energies of closed-shell atoms

Ground-state energies of He, Be, and Ne isoelectronic series have been calculated. The Dirac–Hartree–Fock energy values have been corrected by adding Breit, vacuum polarization, self-energy, nuclear mass, and electron correlation corrections. The resulting energies are compared with the experimental values. As a result, an estimate of the correlation-relativistic cross-term energy is obtained. The effect, for large-Z atoms, proves to be quite substantial.