Matrix Isolation and Spectroscopic Characterization of the Phenylperoxy Radical and Its Rearranged Products

The phenylperoxy radical 1 has been synthesized by the reaction of the phenyl radical 2 with ³O₂. Radical 1 could be either generated in the gas phase and subsequently trapped in solid argon at 10 K, or directly synthesized in argon matrices. By reacting 2 as well as its perdeuterated isotopomer [D₅]‐ 2 with ¹⁶O₂ and with ¹⁸O₂, respectively, the four isotopomers [H₅]‐¹⁶O₂‐ 1 , [D₅]‐¹⁶O₂‐ 1 , [H₅]‐¹⁸O₂‐ 1 , and [D₅]‐¹⁸O₂‐ 1 were matrix‐isolated and characterized by IR spectroscopy. The experimental IR spectra are in excellent agreement with results from DFT calculations. Irradiation of 1 with visible light produces the 2‐oxepinoxy radical 5 in a clean reaction. Subsequent irradiation results in ring‐opening and formation of several conformers of ketoketene 6 . The radicals 1 , 5 , and 6 play an important role in the combustion of aromatic hydrocarbons and could now be isolated and spectroscopically characterized for the first time.     

Matrix isolation and ab initio studies of the H2S---CO complex

The structure, energetics, and vibrational properties of complexes formed between H₂S and CO have been investigated by matrix isolation FTIR spectroscopy and ab initio molecular orbital theory. Two stable computational minima were found representing nearly linear hydrogen bonds between the subunits. The H₂S---CO and H₂S---OC species were calculated to be bound by 5.22 and 1.54 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The computational results were reproduced by experimental assignments for the carbon attached complex. The stretching vibrations of the complex subunits were found to be similarly perturbed upon complexation both experimentally and computationally.     

采用钯基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收法测定纺织品中的可萃取铅

纺织品标准中对铅的限量极为严格,但萃取汗液基体成分复杂,背景吸收干扰强烈,为解决纺织品中的可萃取铅检测的困难,建立了一种采用基体改进剂的石墨炉原子吸收光谱法,测定纺织品中的可萃取铅。通过比较两种基体改进剂,优化实验条件,确定了以钯-硝酸镁为基体改进剂、灰化温度1 200℃、原子化温度2 300℃的实验条件。结果表明,以钯-硝酸镁为基体改进剂更能有效降低纺织品可萃取铅的基体干扰,并且具有良好的精密度(2.6%~3.3%)和准确度(加标回收率94.3%~105.6%)。     

基质固相分散萃取-毛细管电泳测定米制品中丙烯酰胺

建立了基质固相分散萃取-毛细管电泳法检测米制品中丙烯酰胺的新方法。通过实验确定了最佳前处理条件:C18及弗罗里硅土混合作为萃取分散剂(质量比1∶4),样品与分散剂的质量比为5∶9,洗脱液为丙酮-二氯甲烷(体积比6∶4)的混合溶剂,洗脱剂体积为10 m L。在优化实验条件下,以20 mmol/L硼砂(p H 8.4)作缓冲溶液,在15 k V恒压下进行分离,该方法的线性范围为10~200μg/m L,相关系数(r)为0.999 8,丙烯酰胺的检出限为0.62μg/m L,样品中丙烯酰胺的回收率为85.7%~96.4%。     

A Genosensor for Point Mutation Detection of P53 Gene PCR Product Using Magnetic Particles

The development of an electrochemical genosensor involving DNA biotinylated capture probe immobilized on streptavidin coated paramagnetic beads and microfluidic based platform for the detection of P53 gene PCR product is reported. The novelty of this work is the combination of a sensitive electrochemical platform and a proper microfluidic system with a simple and effective enzyme signal amplification technology, ELISA, for detection of target DNA sequence and single nucleotide mutation in p53 tumor suppressor gene sequence. The biosensor has been applied to detect the PCR amplified samples and the results shows that it can discriminate successfully perfect matched DNA from mutant form.     

Determination of Odor Air Quality Index (OAQII) Using Gas Sensor Matrix

This article presents a new way to determine odor nuisance based on the proposed odor air quality index (OAQII), using an instrumental method. This indicator relates the most important odor features, such as intensity, hedonic tone and odor concentration. The research was conducted at the compost screening yard of the municipal treatment plant in Central Poland, on which a self-constructed gas sensor array was placed. It consisted of five commercially available gas sensors: three metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) chemical sensors and two electrochemical ones. To calibrate and validate the matrix, odor concentrations were determined within the composting yard using the field olfactometry technique. Five mathematical models (e.g., multiple linear regression and principal component regression) were used as calibration methods. Two methods were used to extract signals from the matrix: maximum signal values from individual sensors and the logarithm of the ratio of the maximum signal to the sensor baseline. The developed models were used to determine the predicted odor concentrations. The selection of the optimal model was based on the compatibility with olfactometric measurements, taking the mean square error as a criterion and their accordance with the proposed OAQII. For the first method of extracting signals from the matrix, the best model was characterized by RMSE equal to 8.092 and consistency in indices at the level of 0.85. In the case of the logarithmic approach, these values were 4.220 and 0.98, respectively. The obtained results allow to conclude that gas sensor arrays can be successfully used for air quality monitoring; however, the key issues are data processing and the selection of an appropriate mathematical model.     

基质固相分散液相色谱法检测辣椒产品中的黄曲霉毒素

建立了中性氧化铝-石墨化碳黑的基质固相分散共柱提取净化前处理和以溴为衍生试剂的液相色谱-柱后在线衍生荧光检测法,并将该方法用于辣椒产品中黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的分析。对固相分散剂及共柱净化剂进行了选择和优化。该方法对B1,B2,G1,G2的平均回收率分别为95.4%,87.3%,91.5%和92.6%;方法对B1,G1的检出限为0.25 ng/g,对B2,G2的检出限为0.10 ng/g;对B1,B2,G1,G2进行测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.3%,5.8%,4.7%和6.1%。对基质固相分散法和免疫亲和柱法的净化效果进行了比较,结果表明基质固相分散提取净化可以作为一种有效的方法用于辣椒产品中黄曲霉毒素的测定。     

毛细管电泳检测酚基体中对甲苯磺酸

以苯酚（phenol)和对甲苯磺酸（para toluene sulfonic acid,PTSA)的混合物为模拟样品,毛细管电泳检测了苯酚体中的对甲苯磺酸。考察了磷酸缓冲溶液的浓度和pH对分离的影响,选择性桂皮酸作为内标法和标准曲线法得到了对甲苯磺酸在50mg/L苯酚基体中的标准曲线,其线性范围为1.25-12.5mg/L（R=0.9999),检测限为0.75mg/L(S/N)=3,讨论了毛细管电泳中的基体效应,并应用标准加入法测定了4个实际样品。     

Determination of Bismuth by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry Using Aluminum Oxide for Elimination of Environmental Sample Matrix Interferences

The aim of this work was to find a fast new and simple method for efficient elimination of negative influence of humic substances and synthetic surfactants in the voltammetric determination of bismuth. The negative influence of the organic matrix present in environmental water samples due to their adsorption on aluminum oxide was successfully evaluated. The organic compounds such as humic substances and surface active compounds were removed by adsorption on the surface of aluminum oxide from the water samples. The application of this method was the recovery of Bi(III) from spiked water samples.     

离子迁移谱定量检测复杂基质中新型炸药六亚甲基三过氧化二胺

六亚甲基三过氧化二胺( Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine, HMTD)是一种新型有机过氧化爆炸物,由于原料易得、制备方法简单,常被用于恐怖袭击和犯罪活动中。本实验基于非放射性电离源真空紫外灯( VUV)发展了一种试剂分子辅助灯电离正离子迁移谱技术,通过优化筛选试剂分子,最终选择丙酮作为HMTD定量检测的试剂分子。利用质谱对丙酮的反应试剂离子和HMTD的产物离子进行了离子归属,确定反应试剂离子为丙酮二聚体离子 m/z 117[( CH3)2 CO ]2 H+, HMTD 的产物离子为其质子化的分子离子m/z 209[ HMTD+H]+。在迁移管和热解析温度120℃的条件下,利用HMTD最大信号强度和第10 s的信号强度对其标准样品进行定量检测,线性范围分别为5~50 ng/μL和5~100 ng/μL,检出限分别可达0.2和0.3 ng/μL。化妆品如香水等常常干扰和抑制离子迁移谱测量,发展在香水基质中HMTD的现场快速筛查和检测方法具有现实意义。将这两种定量方法应用于3种不同品牌香水样品中HMTD的定量检测,对比发现利用HMTD第10 s的信号强度进行定量具有较好的回收率和准确性,该方法适用于复杂基质中HMTD的准确快速定量检测。     

三维荧光二阶校正法用于尿液样和血浆样中左旋多巴的定量测定

本文采用激发发射荧光光谱分别与化学计量学中平行因子分析(PARAFAC)和交替三线性分解(ATLD)二阶校正法相结合,对尿液样和血浆样中左旋多巴含量进行定量测定。实验不需对尿液和血浆预测样进行萃取等分离预处理。在尿液样中,当组分数取2时,用PARAFAC算法和ATLD算法获得的平均回收率分别为(98.9±2.3)%和(99.6±2.8)%。在血浆样中,当组分数取3时,PARAFAC算法和ATLD算法获得的平均回收率分别为(103.1±3.7)%和(99.2±4.2)%。研究结果表明,该法能够解决尿液样和血浆样中左旋多巴因尿液和血浆内源物质与待分析物光谱重叠所引起的难分辨的问题,可用于未知干扰共存下左旋多巴含量的直接快速定量测定。     

毛细管电泳-电化学检测法测定硫酸铜-维生素C反应体系中的羟基自由基和菊花的抗氧化活性

采用毛细管电泳-电化学检测方法,以对羟基苯甲酸为自由基捕捉剂,测定了硫酸铜-维生素C反应体系(pH 7.4)中生成的羟基自由基。研究了电极电位、运行液的pH值、电泳电压及进样时间对体系中反应物和产物分离的影响,得到了最优化的测定条件;讨论了体系中各反应物浓度和反应时间对产物浓度的影响。以直径为300 μm的碳圆盘电极为检测电极,工作电极电位为0.95 V(vs.SCE),目标产物3,4-二羟基苯甲酸在1.5×10-4~6.0×10-6 mol/L范围内线性关系良好,检测限（S/N=3）为1.5×10-6 mol/L。应用该方法,研究测定了不同品种菊花的抗氧化活性。     

稀土脯氨酸配合物[RE_2(L-Pro)_6(H_2O)_4](ClO_4)_6的标准生成焓测定

合成了两种稀土高氯酸盐与Ｌ－脯氨酸配合物的晶体．经热重、差热、化学分析及对比有关文献,知其组成 是［Ｐｒ２（Ｌ－Ｐｒｏ）６（Ｈ２Ｏ）４］（ＣｌＯ４）６和［Ｅｒ２（Ｌ－ＰｒＯ）６（Ｈ２Ｏ）４］（ＣｌＯ４）６,质量分数为９９．２４％和９８．２０％．选用ＲＥ（ＮＯ３）· ６Ｈ２Ｏ（ＲＥ＝Ｐｒ,Ｅｒ）、ＬＰｒｏ、ＮａＣｌＯ４·Ｈ２Ｏ和 ＮａＮＯ３作辅助物,使用具有恒温环境的反应热量计,以 ２ ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＨＣｌ 作溶剂,分别测定了［２ＲＥ（ＮＯ３）３·６Ｈ２Ｏ＋６Ｌ－ＰｒＯ＋６ＮａＣｌＯ４·Ｈ２Ｏ］和｛ ［ＲＥ２（Ｌ－ＰｒＯ）６（Ｈ２Ｏ）４］（ＣｌＯ４）６＋６ＮａＮＯ３｝在 ２９８．１５ Ｋ时的溶解热．设计一热化学循环求得化学反应的反应焓ｒＨ分别是：６３．９０４ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１和 ９１．０１７ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１,经计算得配合物［ＲＥ２（Ｌ－Ｐｒｏ）６（Ｈ２Ｏ）４］（ＣｌＯ４）６（ｓ）在 ２９８．１５ Ｋ时的标准生成焓（２９８．１５ Ｋ）分别 是－６ ５９４．７８ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１和－６ ５３２．８７ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１。     

Kinetics of the Formation of the Blue Complex CrO(O2)2 Formed by Dichromate and H2O2 in Acid Solutions. A Stopped-Flow Investigation Using Rapid-Scan UV-VIS Detection

Summary.  The kinetics of the CrO(O₂)₂ formation by H₂O₂ and Cr₂O₇ ²⁻ in aqueous acidic media was measured at 293 ± 2 K in a pH range between 2.5 and 3.3. Using the stopped-flow method with rapid scan UV-VIS detection, the rate law of the formation of CrO(O₂)₂ was determined. For the media HClO₄, HNO₃ and CH₃COOH, the reaction order in the Cr₂O₇ ²⁻ concentration was found to be 0.5. For [H₂O₂] as well as for [H⁺], the reaction was first order in all acids used. In HCl and H₂SO₄ media the reaction was first order in Cr₂O₇ ²⁻. At T = 293 ± 2 K the rate constant for the formation of Cr(O)(O₂)₂ was found to be (7.3 ± 1.9) · 10² M^−3/2 s⁻¹ in HClO₄. Corresponding author. E-mail: grampp@ptc.tu-graz.ac.at Received January 30, 2002; accepted (revised) June 5, 2002     

Pharmaceutical Analysis for Environmental Samples: Individual and Simultaneous Determination of Ciprofloxacin,Ofloxacin and Norfloxacin Using an HPLC with Fluorescence and UV Detection with a Wetland Soil Matrix

Abstract

Two HPLC methods were developed for individual and simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin for use in laboratory experiments producing large numbers of samples (100 s to 1000 s). Individual compound detection produced retention times between 1.5 and 2 min and simultaneous detection between 6.5 to 8 min. The methods are compatible with complex geomatrices, e.g. a wetland soil. These methods provide 1) detection limits in the low parts per-billion range; 2) decrease in retention times of 5–10 times for single compounds, and up to 2 times for simultaneous detection over published methods; and 3) require no solid phase extraction.