Das Nitration

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Nitration of tetrabenzoporphins

Zinc meso-trinitrotetrabenzoporphin and zinc meso-tetranitrotetrabenzoporphin were obtained by nitration of zinc tetrabenzoporphin and its tert-butyl-substituted analog with a mixture of nitric and acetic acids. A demetallated compound is formed in 88% yield when zinc meso-tetranitrotetrabenzoporphin is treated with HCl in acetic acid, and reduction of the nitro groups to amino groups occurs when it is treated with tin in acetic acid.The authors thank T. A. Babushkina (Institute of Biophysics, Ministry of Public Health of the USSR) for recording the PMR spectrum of III and assisting in its interpretation.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1189–1193, September, 1986.     

Nitration of N-Alkyl-N'-nitroureas

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry -     

Nitration of carboxymethylcellulose

The influence of the conditions of nitration and the structure of the initial carboxymethylcellulose on the depth of conversion and the molecular characteristics of the nitroesters obtained has been investigated. The products obtained after optimization of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance with the aim of imparting solubility to them possess a pronounced antianginal action.A. S. Sadykov Institute of Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, FAX (3712) 62-70-71. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 544–546, July–August, 1994.     

Nitration of carboxymethylcellulose

The possibility has been shown of using hydrolytic splitting to regulate the degree of polymerization and the molecular and compositional homogeneity of carboxymethylcellulose, which makes it suitable for the production of medico-biological polymers. A. S. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, FAX (3712) 62-70-71. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 541–544, July–August, 1994.     

Reactions of (η6-Arene)tricarbonylchromium Complexes: Hydrogenation,Nitration, and Bromination

In this study, we explore the reactions of coordinated arenes, e.g., hydrogenation, nitration, and bromination, to prepare compounds which are not accessible from conventional organic synthesis. The reaction products formed from reactions with the coordinated and the uncoordinated arenes are compared. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) employed for this study include phenanthrene, methyl- and acetyl-phenanthrene, and benz[a]anthracene (BA), The tricarbonylchromium group demonstrated various characteristics which influence the reactions in this work, such as an electronic effect to deactivate hydrogenation, a steric effect to exhibit, highly positional selective nitration, and a free radical mechanism to direct bromine to attack at the ring coordinated to tricarbonylchromium.     

Acrylonitrile Copolymerizations. V. Anomalous Kinetics and Secondary Reactions in Copolymerization with Vinyl Chloride

Kinetic deviations from the Lewis and Mayo theory for the radical copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl chloride reported previously are tentatively interpreted as a consequence of an internal transfer reaction involving the tertiary hydrogen atom of an antepenultimate acrylonitrile unit. Although the deviations disappear if acrylonitrile is replaced by methacrylonitrile, this interpretation is far from being quantitatively satisfactory. Another explanation seems to be better: it involves intramolecular copolymerization with C[dbnd]N triple bonds producing a cyclic imine radical which gives rise to coloration of the copolymer and causes the formation of new C[dbnd]N^. radicals with low reactivity vs propagation reactions.     

蛋白质酪氨酸硝化的研究

蛋白质酪氨酸硝基化是一种重要的蛋白质翻译后修饰,与多种病症相关。经由过氧亚硝酸根（ONOO-）和NO2^-／H2O2／血红素过氧化物酶体系是促使蛋白质硝化最主要的两种途径,其反应为自由基机理。本文对体内蛋白质硝基化的途径、机制及其生物学意义作了综述,指出蛋白质的硝化具有选择性,特定酪氨酸残基发生硝化能够改变蛋白质的结构和功能,影响其免疫应答和可能涉及的信号转导过程,从而具有重要的生物学意义。     

Nitration of photochromic spirophenanthroxazine

Nitration of photochromic spirophenanthrooxazine with three different reagents (cupric nitrate, NaNO₂ in acetic acid, and HNO₃-H₂SO₄) was studied. The major reaction products were specified and characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR and mass spectra. The mechanisms of their formation were proposed. Only the nitration with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids yielded a photochromic product containing the nitro group in the phenanthrene fragment. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1670–1677, July, 2005.     

Nitration of Triazolyl-substituted Ketones

By nitration of 3-R-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylalkanones with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids a series of compounds was obtained containing a trinitromethyl fragment at the nitrogen of the ring.__________Translated from Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii, Vol. 41, No. 5, 2005, pp. 767–771.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Kofman, Kartseva, Glazkova, Krasnov.     

Nitration of benzotriazole N-oxide

The nitration of benzotriazole N-oxide with dilute nitric acid gives the 7-nitro derivative, whereas nitration with a mixture of nitric and acetic acids gives isomers with nitro groups in the 5 and 7 positions in a ratio of 19.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1570–1572, November, 1976.     

单取代芳烃的硝化

以甲苯、乙苯、异丙苯、叔丁基苯、氟苯等为硝化底物,通过混酸硝化得到这些单取代芳烃转化率最大时的混酸硝化强度φ。 运用密度泛涵理论,在B3LYP/6-311G**水平上优化了9种单元芳烃的几何构型,计算苯环上C原子电荷分布。 讨论了9种取代基的定位效应,以苯环取代基以外环上C原子总净电荷QRΣC(2~6)表示单取代苯的硝化反应活性与硝化强度φ之间的关系。 实验结果表明,烷基苯、卤苯、硝基苯的硝化反应活性与其混酸硝化转化率达最大时的混酸硝化强度φ呈良好的线性关系。