金纳米核壳局域表面等离子体激元的消光特性研究

采用离散偶极近似(Discrete Dipole Approximation,DDA)方法考察核壳比和外界介质折射率对ITO/Au、CdS/Au、Nb-Sn/Au纳米核壳粒子表面等离子体共振消光特性的影响,并利用杂化理论对其物理本质解释。仿真结果表明,ITO/Au和CdS/Au纳米核壳的ω-模式对应的共振峰峰位随核壳比的增加逐渐红移,而Nb-Sn/Au纳米核壳对应的共振峰峰位随核壳比的增加逐渐蓝移;ω+模式对应的四极共振峰峰位随核壳比的增大缓慢蓝移;集中在金壳两极点的振荡电荷对核壳球模式和腔模式的耦合作用以及电场分布有显著影响;相同尺寸纳米核壳的消光能力由强到弱依次是ITO/Au、Nb-Sn/Au、CdS/Au。     

金银核壳结构复合纳米颗粒的消光特性研究

利用离散偶极近似(Discrete Dipole Approximation-DDA)算法,从理论上模拟分析了金银核壳结构复合纳米颗粒的消光光谱以及不同核壳厚度、不同介质折射率情况下峰位的变化情况。研究结果表明,随着壳层厚度的增加,复合纳米颗粒的消光谱线先逐渐形成两个与单质金属纳米颗粒相似的消光峰,后又逐渐合为一个半峰宽度较宽的消光峰;在不同介质环境中复合纳米颗粒的消光峰都随着介电常数的增大出现红移;无论是作为核层还是壳层,银对总体消光谱线的作用都要比金强。     

化合物/银核壳结构纳米复合颗粒的消光性能研究

利用离散偶极近似(Discrete Dipole Approximation,DDA)方法系统研究ITO/Ag、CdS/Ag、和ZnS/Ag纳米核壳结构的消光特性。研究结果表明,银纳米核壳的表面等离子体共振吸收峰位置随周围介质折射率和颗粒核壳比的增大逐渐红移;且当核壳比相同时,较大球径纳米核壳的消光峰位置处在长波长处。研究亦发现,银壳与化合物之间存在显著的电子迁移现象,相同球径的银表面电子密度降低程度由高到低为CdS/Ag、ZnS/Ag、ITO/Ag。     

水雾包裹沙尘颗粒核壳结构的散射特性研究

基于离散偶极子近似法(DDA),对水雾包裹沙尘颗粒的核壳结构光学特性进行研究,计算了长短轴比例为2∶1的椭球形粒子的核壳结构内、外层厚度及散射角度变化对光散射特性的影响。结果表明,内核大小不变,外层厚度由1.2 μm增大到4.8 μm,核壳双层颗粒散射系数和消光系数由3.4和3.43降低到2.543和2.545,且散射相对强度也明显增大。外层厚度不变,内核厚度由0.6 μm增加到2.4 μm,散射系数和消光系数由3.105和3.111变化为2.76和2.9;可见外层厚度对核壳双层颗粒散射特性的影响更大,这是由于散射光主要与外层物质相互作用引起的。散射相对强度随波长的增加而降低,随核壳结构尺度的增加呈现递增的规律。该结果对大气中气溶胶和水雾共同作用时的散射特性,激光在其中的传输特性等研究有参考价值。     

ITO纳米棒结构红外波段消光特性模拟与分析

铟锡氧化物（ITO）作为一种高掺杂的半导体材料,其材料介电常数零点波长位于近红外波段,且其在近红外波段的吸收损耗较小,因此ITO可以成为近红外波段理想的局域表面等离激元共振效应（LSPR）材料。采用时域有限差分法模拟长方体状ITO纳米棒阵列的LSPR效应,通过调整ITO纳米棒的载流子浓度、尺寸、间距以及衬底折射率实现其红外波段LSPR共振峰的有效调节。这对于扩宽ITO纳米结构在红外波段LSPR效应的应用具有重要的研究意义。     

CdSe/CdS核/壳型纳米晶的光谱特性

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂制备了CdSe/CdS核／壳型纳米晶。用光吸收谱（Abs)、光致发光谱（PL）及光致发光激发谱（PLE）研究了CdS壳层对CdSe纳米晶电子结构，从而对其吸收和发光性能的影响。根据PL和PLE的结果以及带边激子精细结构的计算结果，我们用尺寸很小的纳米晶中所形成的基激缔合物解释了PL光谱与吸收边之间较大的Stokes位移。     

核壳结构CdS/ZnS纳米微粒的制备与光学特性

用微乳液法制备CdS纳米微粒 ,以ZnS对其进行表面修饰 ,得到具有核壳结构的CdS/ZnS纳米微粒 .采用X射线衍射 (XRD)、透射电镜 (TEM )表征其结构、粒度和形貌 ,紫外 可见吸收光谱 (UV)、光致发光光谱(PL)表征其光学特性 .制得的CdS近似呈球形 ,直径为 3.3nm ;以XRD和UV证实了CdS/ZnS核壳结构的实现 .研究了不同ZnS壳层厚度对CdS纳米微粒光学性能的影响 ,UV谱表明随着壳层厚度的增加纳米微粒的吸收带边有轻微的红移 ,同时短波吸收增强 ;PL谱表明壳层ZnS的包覆可减少CdS纳米微粒的表面缺陷 ,带边直接复合发光的几率增大 ,具有合适的壳层厚度时发光效率大大提高 .     

银/硒化锌核壳结构微球对硝酸钠红外光谱特性的影响研究

利用硒化锌微球表面的银镜反应制备了银/硒化锌(Ag/ZnSe)核壳结构微球,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对其进行了表征,研究了Ag/ZnSe核壳结构对硝酸钠水溶液红外吸收光谱特性的影响。结果表明,Ag/ZnSe核壳结构微球使得硝酸钠反对称伸缩振动模式频率发生了明显的蓝移,振动强度有了较大程度的提高。     

动态光散射研究纳米级PBA/PMMA核壳颗粒的散射特性

运用动态光散射仪研究PBA(聚丙烯酸丁脂)为核,PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂)为壳的核壳双层结构颗粒的角度散射光,并通过测量得到的粒径分布进行理论计算,结果表明:测量结果与理论计算结果总体趋势一致,但在前向散射和后向散射两者相差较大,主要由于动态光散射仪测量粒径分布时反演算法剔除占比例很小的大颗粒造成的.     

金纳米颗粒的有序制备及其光学特性

采用纳米球蚀刻技术在石英衬底上制备了不同高度的金纳米颗粒阵列.通过扫描电子显微镜对其表面形貌进行了观测,表明金纳米颗粒为有序分布的三棱柱结构.通过红外—紫外吸收光谱仪在190—900nm波长范围内对其光吸收特性进行了测量, 并成功观测到了金纳米颗粒表面等离子体振荡效应引起的光吸收峰,结果表明随着金纳米颗粒高度的增加,其吸收峰的位置向短波方向移动(蓝移).同时对金纳米颗粒的光吸收特性进行了基于离散偶极子近似的理论计算,并与实验结果进行了比较. 关键词： 纳米球蚀刻技术 金纳米颗粒 离散偶极子近似     

基于表面等离子体共振传感器的金胶体表征

设计了表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器实验装置,制备了金膜和金纳米胶体溶液,测量了不同厚度金膜和不同浓度金胶体溶液的SPR角谱,得到了不同浓度金胶体溶液的折射率.     

Assembly and interaction of Au/C core-shell nanoparticles

The formation of Au/C core-shell structures from C-supported Au nanoparticles, and their thermally and electron beam induced interactions are studied by real-time TEM. At temperatures below 400 °C no C-shell is assembled, and closely spaced Au nanoparticles interact by coalescence. At high temperatures (400-800 °C) the Au particles are transformed into Au/C core-shell structures via encapsulation into curved, fullerene-like C shells. The shells initially passivate the Au cores and inhibit their coalescence. But under electron irradiation, the Au cores can break free from their shells, and hence can coalesce. Surprisingly, at this stage the assembled C-sheets may actually enhance the coalescence process by driving the directed motion of Au/C particles and causing the efficient contraction of widely spaced particle ensembles.     

Modelling of surface plasmon resonance sensor for detection of mass concentration of ethanol and methanol in a binary mixture

Modelling of a surface plasmon resonance sensor for detection of ethanol or methanol content in water is presented. The reflectivities of these sensors are derived using transfer matrix method and hence the corresponding sensitivity and detection accuracy are obtained in the presence of high index overlayer, like silicon and chalcogenide. It is observed that the resonant wavelength of surface plasmon resonance sensor is shifted toward higher wavelength with increase of refractive index and thickness of overlayer. Hence, by adjusting their values, the desired spectral operation range of this sensor is obtained. The sensitivity of this sensor with silicon overlayer is larger than the chalcogenide overlayer but at the same time detection accuracy is smaller. This sensor can be used to detect the mass concentration of ethanol, methanol and other similar materials. A method to obtain the percentage mass concentration of ethanol is discussed.     

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Long-Period Grating Refractive Index Sensor

Abstract

This article presents the theoretical and experimental investigation of the response of long-period gratings as a refractive index sensor. Cladding modes are calculated, and results are compared with Optigrating 4.2.2 (Optiwave Systems Inc., Ottawa, Canada). The response has been checked for refractive indices ranging from 1 to 1.458. Theoretically simulated results are in accordance with the experimental results. It was found that the software package calculated values correctly up to the seventh decimal point. The ambient refractive index response of a long-period grating over a much wider index range has been modeled for values both less and more than the cladding refractive index.     

大气气溶胶消光特性和折射率的测量

介绍了一种综合利用能见度仪、微脉冲激光雷达和光学粒子计数器测量大气气溶胶折射率的新方法。首先使用能见度仪和激光雷达测量出大气气溶胶的消光系数和消光后向散射比,然后使用粒子计数器测量出粒子谱分布,结合气溶胶粒子折射率,根据球形粒子的米（Mie）散射理论,可以得到气溶胶消光系数和消光后向散射比。通过分析消光系数、消光后向散射比、粒子谱分布和折射率之间的关系,结合已知的消光系数和消光后向散射比,反演出大气气溶胶粒子的折射率。     

契形结构光纤表面等离子体共振传感器研究

提出了一种契形端面结构的光纤表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器激励模型. 采用时域有限差分法对契形SPR波导的共振模型进行数值模拟, 通过在光纤出射端抛磨契形角度并进行敏感膜修饰, 制出具有契形端面结构的类Kretschmann微棱镜式光纤SPR传感器, 实现激发SPR的光波调制.结果表明, 在1.3330–1.4215折射率范围内, 制备的契形光纤SPR传感器相对于常规光纤SPR传感器, 其平均灵敏度提高了近1–6倍, 1倍和6倍分别出现在小角度结构(15° 契形) 传感器和大角度结构(60°契形) 传感器, 且仍保持 10^-5 等级的分辨率. 该类型结构的传感器具有契形端面激励模式, 设计灵活性高、制备工艺简单、可微量检测样本等优点, 能够很好地适应于不同环境和测量条件的实际生化检测、环境监测需求. 关键词： 光纤传感器 表面等离子体共振 契形端面结构 折射率灵敏度     

Optimization of extinction efficiency of gold‐coated polystyrene bead substrates improves surface‐enhanced Raman scattering effects by post‐growth microwave heating treatment

We report a novel post‐growth microwave treatment approach to selectively modify the surface morphologies of gold (Au) films coated on the polystyrene (PS) bead substrates for effectively improving the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect on the analytes. The discrete dipole approximation (DDA) model was introduced to evaluate the enhancement effects by calculating the localized electromagnetic field distribution and extinction efficiency based on the sizes of the trenches and voids, and the surface roughness of the modified Au–PS bead substrates. The SERS performance of microwave‐modified Au–PS substrates on rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) and saliva yields at least 10‐fold improvements in SERS intensities compared to the as‐grown substrates, which is also in agreement with theoretical predictions by DDA modeling. This work demonstrates both experimentally and theoretically the efficacy of the microwave heating treatment on modifying the Au–PS bead substrates for the realization of high SERS performance in biomedical applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and Optical Properties of Anisotropic Metal Nanoparticles

In this paper we overview our recent studies of anisotropic noble metal (e.g. gold and silver) nanoparticles, in which a combination of theory and experiment has been used to elucidate the extinction spectra of the particles, as well as information related to their surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We used wet-chemical methods to generate several structurally well-defined nanostructures other than solid spheres, including silver nanodisks and triangular nanoprisms, and gold nanoshells and multipods. When solid spheres are transformed into one of these shapes, the surface plasmon resonances in these particles are strongly affected, typically red-shifting and even splitting into distinctive dipole and quadrupole plasmon modes. In parallel, we have developed computational electrodynamics methods based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method to determine the origins of these intriguing optical features. This has resulted in considerable insight concerning the variation of plasmon wavelength with nanoparticle size, shape and dielectric environment, as well as the use of these particles for optical sensing applications.