2.8μm增益开关Er∶ZBLAN光纤激光器的数值模拟

建立了适用于2.8μm增益开关掺Er~(3+)的氟化物光纤(Er∶ZBLAN)激光器的计算模型,并进行了数值模拟。模拟发现存在最佳输出镜透过率使得输出功率最大,同时耦合率也影响脉宽、峰值和脉冲形态。模拟了抽运功率对脉冲形态的影响,发现弱抽运时两个抽运周期内仅出现一个信号光脉冲,而强抽运时一个抽运周期内出现多个信号光脉冲的现象。通过模拟发现了若干未被实验报道的新现象和规律,如耦合率对输出功率、能量、脉冲形态的影响规律;抽运功率阈值附近会出现与抽运周期一致的弱信号脉冲等。研究表明,在适当耦合率和抽运功率时,2.8μm Er∶ZBLAN激光器可以实现稳定增益开关脉冲输出。     

12 W Q-switched Er:ZBLAN fiber laser at 2.8 μm

A diode-pumped, actively Q-switched 2.8 μm fiber laser oscillator with an average output power of more than 12 W has been realized through the use of a 35 μm core erbium-doped ZBLAN fiber and an acousto-optic modulator; to our knowledge, this is the first 3 μm pulsed fiber laser in the 10 W class. Pulse energy up to 100 μJ and pulse duration down to 90 ns, corresponding to a peak power of 0.9 kW, were achieved at a repetition rate of 120 kHz.     

Er:ZBLAN玻璃的一光束上转换立体显示的初步研究

本文研究了一光束上转换三维立体显示 ,所用材料为Er:ZBLAN氟化物玻璃 ;利用 96 6nm的连续波半导体激光研究了一光束上转换三维立体显示的尺寸效应 ,且得到了它的上转换发光谱 ;尤其是发现了基于 15 2 0nm的半导体激光激发的多光子上转换一光束三维立体显示的性能有大幅度提高 ,这在国际上还未见报道。     

Mid-infrared Er:ZBLAN fiber laser reaching 3.68 μm wavelength

We report a continuous-wave Er:ZBLAN fiber laser with the operation wavelength reaching 3.68 μm.The midinfrared Er:ZBLAN fiber laser is pumped with the dual-wavelength sources consisting of a commercial laser diode at 970 nm and a homemade Tm-doped fiber laser at 1973 nm.By increasing the launched pump power at1973 nm,the laser wavelength can be switched from 3.52 to 3.68 μm.The maximum output power of 0.85 W is obtained with a slope efficiency of 25.14% with respect to the 1973 nm pump power.In the experiment,the laser emission at 3.68 μm is obtained with a significant power of 0.62 W,which is the longest emission wavelength in free-running Er:ZBLAN fiber lasers.     

Stable 10 W Er:ZBLAN fiber laser operating at 2.71-2.88 μm

We have developed a diode-pumped tunable 3 μm fiber laser with a cw output power of the order of 10 W with the use of an erbium-doped ZBLAN fiber. A tunability range of 110 nm (2770 to 2880 nm) with an output power between 8 and 11 W was demonstrated. As the pump power was increased, the center of the wavelength range was shifted toward longer wavelengths, but the width of the wavelength range was largely unaffected. The total tunability range for various pump power levels was 170 nm (2710 to 2880 nm). To our knowledge, this is the highest performance (output power and tunability) obtained from a tunable 3 μm fiber laser.     

Generation of nanosecond 2.65μm pulses and pulse narrowing in fiber-bulk Ho3+:YAG laser pumped gain-switched Cr^2+:Cd Se laser

The generation of mid-infrared pulsed lasers was achieved in a Ho3+:YAG laser pumped gain-switched Cr^2+:Cd Se laser system with the shortest pulse duration of 4.15 ns.With a pump pulse duration of 50 ns and pump power of 2.7 W,the gain-switched Cr^2+:Cd Se laser achieved over 10 times pulse narrowing,obtaining the maximum peak power of 5.7 k W.The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency was 3.7%,which could be further improved with better crystal surface polishing quality.The laser central wavelength was measured to be 2.65μm with a bandwidth(FWHM)of 50 nm.In addition,the parameter optimization for suppressing the pulse tail was discussed,while the long cavity and high output transmissivity contributed to obtaining the single-peak pulses.     

Analysis of the laser performance of Tm3+: ZBLAN glass at 1.47μm wavelength

A formula for the threshold energy of a four-level-system laser in Tm^{3+} doped fluoride glass is derived. The formula contains the parameters of the interaction between the ions and the up-conversion rate of the pump-light. It is discussed that the Tb^{3+} ions and the up-conversion pump-light have an influence on the laser performance of Tm^{3+} ions around 1.47μm wavelength. We draw the following two conclusions. (1) The laser threshold descends obviously due to the doping of Tb^{3+} ions, but the descending gradually flattens out with the increase of the content of Tb^{3+} ions. Its suitable content is (1－2)×10^{20}cm^{-3}. (2) When pump-lights both from the up-conversion and from the ground state excite simultaneously the single-doped Tm^{3+} ions, the threshold energy can reduce and the output energy can increase. In this paper, the energy conversion efficiency from the up-conversion pump-light to the output energy of laser is estimated.     

Passively mode-locked 2-μm Tm：YAP laser with a double-wall carbon nanotube absorber

We report on a diode-pumped passively continuous wave(cw) mode-locked Tm:YAP laser with a double-wall carbon nanotube(DWCNT) absorber operating at a wavelength of 2023 nm for the first time,to the best our knowledge.The DWCNT absorber is fabricated on a hydrophilic quartz substrate by using the vertical evaporation technique.The output power is as high as 375 mW.A stable pulse train with a repetition rate of 72.26 MHz is generated with a highest single pulse energy of 5.2 μJ.     

Compression of picosecond optical pulses from 1.5μm gain switched In GaAsP DFB diode laser

The experimental study of compression of picosecond optical pulses from a gainswitched InGaAsP DFB laser at 1.5μm wavelength range using a Gires-Tournois interferome-ter has been reported. Ultrashort optical pulses with pulsewidths of 6.6 ps, repetition rate of2.4GHz, and peak power in excess of 200 mW are obtained. The characteristics of a Gires-Tournois interferometer as a pulse compressor are also discussed.     

高重频2.94 μm Er:YAG激光器的研究

分析了Er3+离子的能级结构特性和Er:YAG四能级系统的激光速率方程。采用了双灯,双椭圆腔和窄脉冲放电等方式提高了抽运效率; 通过提高激光谐振腔的反射率,降低阈值,从而实现了输出2.94 μm的高重频窄脉冲激光; 采用高压高速层流冷却技术降低了热效应的影响。Er3+:YAG激光器的重复频率为40 Hz,单脉冲输出能量为0.5 J,满足实际应用需要。     

Comparison of Tm : ZBLAN and Tm : silica fiber lasers; Spectroscopy and tunable pulsed laser operation around 1.9 μm

Tm-doped ZBLAN and Tm-doped silica glass are compared spectroscopically and the fiber lasing of the Tm ³F₄³H₆ transition around 1.9 m in ZBLAN and silica fibers is compared. The spectroscopy of these materials indicates that Tm:ZBLAN possesses advantages over Tm:silica glass due to the lower phonon energies. The phonon energy in these glass hosts influences both the pump manifold lifetime, the Tm ³H₄, and the upper laser manifold lifetime, the Tm ³F₄. The maximum phonon energy in Tm:ZBLAN, 500 cm^-1 , compared to Tm:silica, 1100 cm^-1, leads to better Tm–Tm self quenching towards populating the Tm ³F₄, as well as better Tm ³F₄³H₆ quantum efficiency. A spectroscopic analysis using the Judd–Ofelt theory and measured lifetimes are used to assess the merits of Tm:ZBLAN over Tm:silica as a fiber laser material. Diode-pumped fiber lasing experiments show that Tm:ZBLAN possesses advantages over Tm:silica that are believed to be due to a lower phonon energy. Data is presented for launched pump energy versus laser energy, fiber length versus slope efficiency, and output mirror reflectivity versus slope efficiency. Tm:ZBLAN is demonstrated to possess higher slope efficiencies and lower thresholds, than Tm:silicate. A grating tuned Tm:ZBLAN laser is also demonstrated for tunable operation between 1.893 m and 1.955 m. PACS 42.55.Wd; 42.55.Xi; 42.62.Fi; 78.55.Qr     

Generation of 9-μJ 420-fs pulses by fiber-based amplification of a cavity-dumped Yb:KYW laser oscillator

We report on the fiber-based amplification of a cavity-dumped Yb:KYW laser oscillator. With this system, we were able to generate 420-fs pulses with pulse energies of 9 μJ at a 1-MHz repetition rate.     

Judd-Oflet analysis of spectrum and laser performance of Ho：YAP crystal end-pumped by 1.91μm Tm：YLF laser

The Ho:YAP crystal is grown by the Czochralski technique.The room temperature polarized absorption spectra of Ho:YAP crystal was measured on a c cut sample with 1 at% holmium.According to the obtained Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ω2 = 1.42 × 10-20 cm2,Ω4 = 2.92 × 10-20 cm2,and Ω6 = 1.71 × 10-20 cm2,this paper calculated the fluorescence lifetime to be 6 ms for 5I7 →5 I8 transition,and the integrated emission cross section to be 2.24×10-18 cm2.It investigates the room temperature Ho:YAP laser end pumped by a 1.91 μm Tm:YLF laser.The maximum output power was 4.1 W when the incident 1.91 μm pump power was 14.4 W.The slope efficiency is 40.8%,corresponding to an optical to optical conversion efficiency of 28.4%.The Ho:YAP output wavelength was centred at 2118 nm with full width at half maximum of about 0.8 nm.     

Optimization of InAs/GaAs quantum-dot structures and application to 1.3-μm mode-locked laser diodes

The self-assembled growth of InAs/GaAs quantum dots by molecular beam epitaxy is conducted by optimizing several growth parameters, using a one-step interruption method after island formation. The dependence of photoluminescence on areal quantum-dot density is systematically investigated as a function of InAs deposition, growth temperature and arsenic pressure. The results of this investigation along with time-resolved photoluminescence measurements show that the com- bination of a growth temperature of 490℃, with a deposition rate of 0.02 ML/s, under an arsenic pressure of 1×10^-6 Torr （1 Torr = 1.33322×10^2 Pa）, provides the best compromise between high density and the photoluminescence of quantum dot structure, with a radiative lifetime of 780 ps. The applicability of this 5-layer quantum dot structure to high-repetition-rate pulsed lasers is demonstrated with the fabrication and characterization of a monolithic InAs/GaAs quantum-dot passively mode-locked laser operating at nearly 1300 nm. Picosecond pulse generation is achieved from a two-section laser, with a 19.7-GHz repetition rate.     

2.94 μm LiNbO3声光调Q Er:YAG激光输出脉冲特性

2.94 μm纳秒铒激光是宽调谐中红外激光和临床医疗研究中重要的固体激光源.本文研制了新型LiNbO₃声光调Q Er:YAG激光器,研究了20 Hz重复频率下不同调Q延迟时间和耦合腔镜反射率对激光输出脉冲特性的影响规律.根据测量激光器的热透镜焦距设计了凹凸谐振腔补偿热透镜效应,获得了激光单脉冲能量为34.68 mJ、脉冲宽度为119.9 ns的调Q输出,相应的峰值功率为289.24 kW,与平平腔相比输出能量提高了2.09倍.据我们所知,这是目前声光调Q Er:YAG激光器中获得的最高能量,可为进一步研究宽调谐中红外激光技术提供新的手段.     

2.94 μm Er:YAG激光热效应数值模拟及实验研究

理论分析了Er:YAG激光晶体的热退偏效应,模拟计算了该晶体棒端面退偏的分布,并进行了偏光干涉实验验证。结果表明,数值模拟和实验结果完全一致,热退偏效应随抽运能量增大而增强,退偏分布呈十字形,最大退偏发生在晶体棒端面上与起偏器偏振方向成45°方位处。同时,还阐明了一种利用临界稳定腔来测量灯抽运脉冲Er:YAG激光器有效热透镜焦距的简单方法,测量出不同抽运功率下Er:YAG晶体的等效热焦距。     

Free-running and Q-switched operation of a diode pumped Er:YSGG laser at the 3 μm transition

A study is made of a diode pumped Er³⁺:YSGG laser crystal operating at 2.797 μm. Lasers were constructed in the bounce geometry, using a transversely cooled 50 at.% Er:YSGG slab and a face-cooled 38 at.% Er:YSGG slab. Results from these are compared with those from a 50 at.% Er³⁺:YAG laser, also in the bounce geometry. With quasi-continuous wave diode pumping, free-running pulse energies of up to ~55 mJ and a slope efficiency of 20.5% are obtained from 50 at.% Er:YSGG. Better thermal performance is obtained from the face-cooled 38 at.% Er:YSGG slab, allowing average power of ~2 W to be obtained at a repetition rate and pump pulse duration of 140 Hz and 500 μs, respectively. Both Er:YSGG systems perform better than Er:YAG. Numerical modelling of the free-running 50 at.% Er:YSGG and Er:YAG systems is undertaken with good qualitative agreement with experimental results. Electro-optic Q-switching of the 50 at.% Er:YSGG laser using a LiNbO₃ crystal yields ~0.5 mJ pulses with ~77 ns duration.     

Influence of laser linewidth on external-cavity frequency doubling efficiency of a 1.56μm master oscillator fiber power amplifier

By using an external-cavity frequency-doubling master oscillator fiber power amplifier (MOPA), a 700~mW continuous-wave single-frequency laser source at 780~nm is produced. It is shown that the frequency doubling efficiency is improved when the seed diode laser is optically locked to a resonant frequency of a confocal Fabry--Perot (F-P) cavity. This phenomenon can be attributed to the narrowing of the 1.56~μ m laser linewidth and explained by our presented theoretical model. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.     

Spectroscopic analysis of Cr,Er:Gd3Ga5O12 crystals as candidates of potential xenon lamp pumped ~ 2.7 μm laser

A series of Cr,Er:Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂ crystals with high concentrations of Er^3 + were grown by Czochralski method. The absorption spectra, the up-conversion, near infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (Mid-IR) luminescence spectra as well as the luminescence decay curves of Er: ⁴I_13/2 and ⁴I_11/2 levels were measured at room temperature. The spectroscopic properties of Cr,Er:Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂ crystals and Cr–Er energy transfer processes were investigated. The spectroscopy of the Er^3 +:⁴I_11/2 → ⁴I_13/2 transition was centralized to discuss, and the important optical parameters including luminescence lifetimes and the Cr–Er energy transfer efficiency are presented. Based on the comprehensive spectral analyses, 0.6 at.%Cr/50 at.%Er:GGG crystal is preferred as candidate of potential xenon lamp pumped ~ 2.7 μm laser in this work.