Bismuth/Graphdiyne Heterostructure for Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to Formate

Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction is great promising in alleviating the excessive CO₂ emission and the conversion to valuable productions. Herein we report the in-situ controlled growth of Bismuth nanoflower/graphdiyne heterostructures(Bi/GDY) for efficient CO₂ conversion toward formate. Based on GDY, the obtained electrocatalyst exhibits a partial current density of 19.2 mA/cm² and high reaction selectivity towards formate with a high Faradic efficiency of 91.7% at ‒1.03 V vs. RHE, and an energy efficiency of 58.8%. The high formate yield rates could be maintained at around 300 μmol/(cm²·h) over a wide potential range. Detailed characterizations show that the unique interface structures between GDY and Bi can enhance the charge transfer ability, increase the number of active sites, and improve the long-term stability, and finally reach high-performance electrocatalytic conversion of CO₂ to formate.     

离子液体介导CO2化学转化研究进展

The efficient utilization of carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a C1 feedstock is of great significance for green and sustainable development. Therefore, the efficient chemical conversion of CO₂ into value-added products has recently attracted a lot of research attention in recent years. The transformation of CO₂ generally requires high-energy substrates, specific catalysts, and harsh reaction conditions due to its high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. Consequently, several efforts have been dedicated toward the development of high-performance catalysts and new reaction routes for CO₂ conversion over the last few decades. To date, many routes of convert CO₂ into value-added chemicals have been proposed, together with the development of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Among the advanced catalysts reported to date, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely investigated and show great potential for the efficient, selective, and economical conversion of CO₂ into highly valuable products under mild conditions, even under ambient conditions. Some task-specific ILs have been designed with unique functional groups (e.g., —OH, —SO₃H, —NH₂, —COOH, and —C≡N), which can act as the solvent, absorbent, activating agent, catalyst, or cocatalyst to realize the transformation of CO₂ under metal-free and mild conditions. In addition, a variety of catalytic systems composed of ILs and metal catalysts have also been reported for the transformation of CO₂, in which the combination of the IL and metal catalyst is responsible for CO₂ conversion with high efficiency. In this review article, we summarize the recent advances in IL-mediated CO₂ transformation into chemicals prepared via C—O, C—N, C—S, C—H, and C—C bond forming processes. ILs that can chemically capture CO₂ with high capacity are first introduced, which can activate CO₂ via the formation of IL-based carbonates or carbamates, thus realizing the transformation of CO₂ under metal-free and mild conditions. Recent progress in IL-mediated CO₂ transformations to form carbonates and various kinds of N- and S-containing compounds (e.g., oxazolidinones, ureas, benzimidazolones, formamides, methylamines, benzothiazoles, and other chemicals) as well as CO₂ hydrogenation to give formic acid, methane, acetic acid, low-carbon alcohols, and hydrocarbons has been summarized in this review with a focus on the reaction routes, catalytic systems, and reaction mechanism. In these reactions, ILs can simultaneously activate the substrate via strong H-bonding in addition to activating CO₂, and the cooperative effects among the ionic and molecular species and metal catalysts accomplish the reactions of CO₂ with various kinds of substrates to afford a wide range of value-added chemicals. Finally, the shortcomings and perspectives of ILs are discussed. In short, IL-mediated CO₂ transformations provide green and effective routes for the synthesis of high-value chemicals, which may have great potential for a wide range of applications.     

催化剂表面Cu0含量对二氧化碳加氢合成C2+醇性能的影响

通过在空气气氛下焙烧Cu@Fe-MIL-88B MOF材料制备了CuFe组分均匀分散的催化剂前驱物, 该前驱物经过不同温度下的预还原制得表面具有不同Cu和Fe价态分布的系列催化剂. 将所制备的催化剂用于固定床反应器上CO₂加氢合成C₂₊醇的性能研究, 并结合催化剂的X射线衍射(XRD)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、 氮气吸附-脱附、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 和高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等表征结果发现, 较高的还原温度增加了催化剂表面低价态的Cu和Fe的含量; 当还原温度为350 ℃时, 催化剂表面Cu⁰/(Cu⁺+Cu⁰)摩尔比为73.9%, 单质Fe摩尔分数为0.40%, 催化效果最好, CO₂转化率达到6.82%, 总醇选择性为39.4%, 其中C₂₊醇的摩尔比达到95.1%.     

Supported bimetallic catalyst Pt-Pb/SiO2 for selective conversion of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol in pressurized CO2/H2O system

Various supported Pt-Pb bimetallic catalysts were prepared and applied for the catalytic conversion of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol in the environmentally benign pressurized CO_2/H_2O system.Among the bimetallic catalysts prepared,Pt-Pb/SiO_2 is the best and nitrobenzene could be converted to paminophenol with a selectivity as high as 82% when the reaction was carried out using this catalyst at110 ℃ under 5 MPa CO_2 and 0.2 MPa H_2.     

热等离子体与催化剂协同重整CH4-CO2

考察了热等离子体与催化剂协同作用于重整反应过程。实验采用三种不同的模式进行:等离子体单独作用、等离子体与催化剂协同作用、等离子体与催化剂协同作用且部分原料气引入等离子体放电区。结果表明,在模式三下,当原料气的总流量为5 m³/h、CH₄/CO₂物质的量比为4/6、等离子体的输入功率为14.4 kW时,CH₄-CO₂重整过程可获得最佳结果,CH₄转化率为77.00%、CO₂转化率为62.40%、H₂选择性为96.70%、CO选择性为88.60%、反应比能为193 kJ/mol、过程的能量转化率为66.4%,该结果已十分接近CH₄-H₂O(g)重整的技术指标。最佳结果主要得益于模式三下的三种不同的反应路径,放电反应、热化学反应与催化反应。     

NaBH4处理LaCuZnX(X=Zr、Al、Zr+Al)(类)钙钛矿型催化剂及其CO2加氢合成甲醇性能的研究

采用共沉淀法分别制备了不同F-T组分(Fe、Co、Ni)改性的KCuZrO_2催化剂,并用于催化CO加氢合成异丁醇。通过BET、XRD、TEM、XPS、H_2-TPR、CO-TPD以及in-situ DRIFTS对催化剂进行了表征。结果显示,F-T组分的加入促进了乙醇和丙醇的形成,但是对异丁醇选择性影响不同。结果表明,Fe促进了催化剂中各组分的分散,活性组分Cu在催化剂表面发生了富集,提高了H_2/CO活化吸附;另外,KFeCuZrO_2的催化剂表面含有较多的C_1物种,有利于乙醇和丙醇进一步发生β-加成反应得到异丁醇,而Co和Ni改性的催化剂上缺少足够的C_1物种,因此,异丁醇的选择性并未明显增加。Co的引入对催化剂结构以及Cu的分散影响不大,但是Co改性后催化剂性能有所下降,其原因是催化剂发生了失活;Ni添加后催化剂比表面积有所减小,且催化剂表面Cu/Zr物质的量比也降低到0.19,催化剂粒径增大,Cu-Zr之间相互作用减弱,异丁醇选择性降低。     

石墨炔零价金属原子催化剂的合成及应用

原子催化剂是零价金属原子锚定于载体上的一种新型催化剂, 具有原子利用率高、 选择性高以及反应活性和稳定性高等优点, 一直是催化领域的研究前沿, 在催化和能量转换领域具有广阔的发展前景. 石墨炔与金属原子之间独特的不完全电荷转移性质实现了零价过渡金属原子的稳定锚定, 解决了传统单原子催化剂易迁移和聚集的问题, 被认为是新一代催化剂. 本综述从石墨炔原子催化剂的结构性质、 表征以及应用等方面出发, 综合评述了相关领域的最新研究成果, 介绍了石墨炔原子催化剂在电催化固氮制氨、 产氢、 全水解和CO₂固定等方面的应用和发展前景, 为实现新概念高性能催化材料的设计合成提供了研究思路.     

超薄氮掺杂碳纳米片负载单原子镍用于高效电催化还原二氧化碳

将二氧化碳转化为高附加值的燃料和化学品是缓解当前能源危机和控制温室气体排放的有效策略之一,但此法受限于缺乏高活性与高选择性的电催化剂。因此,我们通过热解含镍金属有机框架结构(MOF)和二氰二胺制得负载高含量镍单原子(7.77% (w))的超薄氮掺杂二维碳纳米片用于电催化还原CO₂生成CO。研究发现高温热解能将MOF中Ni²⁺转化为Ni⁺-N-C和Ni²⁺-N-C结构,且Ni⁺-N-C含量依赖于热解温度——其含量随热解温度增加呈现火山型变化。800 ℃下,Ni²⁺到Ni⁺-N-C的转化和石墨化的C生成达到最优水平。Ni⁺-N-C结构有适宜的*CO中间体结合能,能有效地抑制析氢反应的同时还能促进CO生成。因此,800 ℃热处理制得的材料(Ni-N-C-800)催化CO₂生成CO效率最高。调节电解液浓度,能进一步优化电催化性能。当电解液(碳酸氢钾)浓度为0.5 mol·L^-1时,Ni-N-C-800的CO生成选择性在较宽电压窗口内(-0.77到-1.07 V vs. RHE)都高于90%,且具有优良的稳定性。这些结果表明,选择合适的前躯体通过调控热解温度以及氮掺杂可以有效提高镍基MOF衍生催化剂的二氧化碳电催化性能。     

利用ZnO@ZIF-8核壳结构构建高选择性、高稳定性的Pd/ZnO催化剂用于CO2加氢制甲醇

Catalytic CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol is a promising route to mitigate the negative effects of anthropogenic CO₂. To develop an efficient Pd/ZnO catalyst, increasing the contact between Pd and ZnO is of the utmost importance, because "naked" Pd favors CO production via the reverse water-gas shift path. Here, we have utilized a ZnO@ZIF-8 core-shell structure to synthesize Pd/ZnO catalysts via Pd immobilization and calcination. The merit of this method is that the porous outer layer can offer abundant "guest rooms" for Pd, ensuring intimate contact between Pd and the post-generated ZnO. The synthesized Pd/ZnO catalysts (PZZ8-T, T denotes the temperature of calcination in degree Celsius) is compared with a ZnO nanorod-immobilized Pd catalyst (PZ). When the catalytic reaction was performed at lower reaction temperatures (250, 270, and 290 ℃), the highest methanol space time yield (STY) and highest STY per Pd achieved by PZ at 290 ℃ were 0.465 g g_cat^-1 h^-1 and 13.0 g g_Pd^-1 h^-1, respectively. However, all the PZZ8-T catalysts exhibited methanol selectivity values greater than 67.0% at 290 ℃, in sharp contrast to a methanol selectivity value of 32.8% for PZ at the same temperature. Thus, we performed additional investigations of the PZZ8-T catalysts at 310 and 360 ℃, which are unusually high temperatures for CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol because the required endothermic reaction is expected to be severely inhibited at such high temperatures. Interestingly, the PZZ8-T catalysts were observed to achieve a methanol selectivity value of approximately 60% at 310 ℃, and PZZ8-400 was observed to maintain a methanol selectivity value of 51.9% even at a temperature of 360 ℃. Thus, PZZ8-400 attains the highest methanol STY of 0.571 g g_cat^-1 h^-1at 310 ℃. For a better understanding of the structure-performance relationship, we characterized the catalysts using different techniques, focusing especially on the surface properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated a linear relationship between the methanol selectivity and the surface PdZn : Pd ratio, proving that the surface PdZn phase is the active site for CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol. Furthermore, analysis of the XPS O 1s spectrum together with the electronic paramagnetic resonance results revealed that both, the oxygen vacancy as well as the ZnO polar surface, played important roles in CO₂ activation. Chemisorption techniques provided further quantitative and qualitative information regarding the Pd-ZnO interface that is closely related to the CO₂ conversion rate. We believe that our results can provide insight into the catalytic reaction of CO₂ hydrogenation from the perspective of surface science. In addition, this work is an illustrative example of the use of novel chemical structures in the fabrication of superior catalysts using a traditional formula.     

Ni-W Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous SBA-15: Trace W Steering CO2 Methanation

Aseries of Ni-W catalysts supported on mesoporous SBA-15 with different Ni:W ratios(Ni_xW/SBA-15, Ni-5%, x=1,10,50) was prepared and fully characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), Brunner-Emmet-Teller(BET), transmission electronic microscopy(TEM), H₂-temperature programmed reduction(H₂-TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). High-resolution TEM images, XPS measurements, H₂-TPR experiments coupled with PXRD results determined the evolution of Ni and W species. It is found that a trace amount of W from H₂WO₄ can significantly improve Ni dispersion on SBA-15 (Ni₅₀W/SBA-15) with Ni⁰ andnon-stoichiometric WO_x species as small as ca. 3.6 nm. The prepared Ni_xW/SBA-15 was utilized for CO₂ hydrogenation, which showed that a higher W content restrained the CO₂ hydrogenation while a lower W ratio promoted both conversion rate and selectivity for methane compared with Ni/SBA-15. The Ni₅₀W/SBA-15 catalyst showed the best performance with a 93.3% CO₂ conversion rate and 99.7% selectivity for methane at 400 ^oC under 0.1 MPa and maintained ca. 97% initial performance for 24 h. Tracking product evolution experiments by in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectrascopy(FTIR) indicated that a small amount of W can modify the surface of Ni particles by geometric coverage and electronic modification, which facilitates the adsorption of the CO intermedia and results in the formation of CH₄. This work provides a new clue to fabricating efficient CO₂ conversion bimetallic materials.     

N,P掺杂型C@Mo_2C催化剂的制备及其催化CO_2加氢反应研究

以三聚氰胺苯甲酸盐为碳源和氮源、以三聚氰胺磷钼酸盐为钼源、磷源和氮源,采用程序升温的方法制备了系列N,P掺杂型C@Mo_2C催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、TEM和XPS等对催化剂的结构、形貌和表面特性进行了表征,研究了三聚氰胺苯甲酸盐中n(三聚氰胺)/n(苯甲酸)、前驱体中n(C)/n(Mo)等因素对所制备催化剂的结构及其在二氧化碳加氢反应中催化性能的影响。在反应温度为220℃、反应压力为3.0 MPa、空速为3 600 m L/(g·h)的条件下,在N,P掺杂型C@Mo_2C的催化作用下,CO_2转化率可以达到12.2%,此时产物中CH_3OH的选择性达到52.2%。     

LiMn_2O_4/TiO_2催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联反应性能的研究

采用固相反应法制备了具有尖晶石结构的LiMn_2O_4/TiO_2系列催化剂,探讨了TiO_2、Li/TiO_2、Mn/TiO_2、LiMn_2O_4及LiMn_2O_4/TiO_2等不同组成催化剂的甲烷氧化偶联反应性能,采用XRD、XPS、CO_2-TPD和H_2-TPR等表征方法对该系列催化剂进行了分析。结果表明,具有尖晶石结构的LiMn_2O_4化合物具有较高的甲烷氧化偶联催化活性,在775℃、0.1MPa、7200mL/(h·g),CH_4∶O_2(体积比)为2.5的条件下,甲烷转化率可达25.8%,C2选择性可达43.2%。TiO_2的存在不仅进一步提高了甲烷转化率和C2选择性,还有效抑制了甲烷完全氧化形成CO_2的过程。负载8%LiMn_2O_4的LiMn_2O_4/TiO_2催化剂性能达到最优,此时甲烷转化率达到31.6%,C2选择性为52.4%,CO_2选择性降低到26.3%。考察了不同焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响,850℃为LiMn_2O_4/TiO_2催化剂的最佳焙烧温度。     

基于单原子催化剂的二氧化碳选择性转化

Industrial revolution has led to increased combustion of fossil fuels. Consequently, large amounts of CO₂ are emitted to the atmosphere, throwing the carbon cycle out of balance. Currently, the most effective method to reduce the CO₂ concentration is direct CO₂ capture from the atmosphere and pumping of the captured CO₂ deep underground or into the mid-ocean. The transformation of CO₂ into high-value chemicals is an attractive yet challenging task. In recent years, there has been much interest in the development of CO₂ utilization technologies based on electrochemical CO₂ reduction, photochemical CO₂ reduction, and thermal CO₂ reduction, and CO₂ valorization has emerged as a hot research topic. In electrochemical CO₂ reduction, the cathodic reaction is the reduction of CO₂ to value-added chemicals. The anodic reaction should be the oxygen evolution reaction, and water is the only renewable and scalable source of electrons and protons in this reaction. There is a plethora of research on the use of various metals to catalyze this reaction. Among these, Cu-based materials have been demonstrated to show unique catalytic activity and stability for the electrochemical conversion of CO₂ to valuable fuels and chemicals. Moreover, the solar-driven conversion of CO₂ into value-added chemical fuels has attracted great attention, and much effort is being devoted to develop novel catalysts for the photoreduction of CO₂, especially by mimicking the natural photosynthetic process. The key step in the photocatalytic process is the efficient generation of electron-hole pairs and separation of these charge carriers. The efficient separation of photoinduced charge carriers plays a crucial role in the final catalytic activity. Compared with CO₂ reduction via electrocatalysis and photocatalysis, thermal reduction is more attractive because of its potential large-scale application in the industry. Heterogeneous nanomaterials show excellent activity in the electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and thermal catalytic conversion of CO₂. However, nanostructured materials have drawbacks on the investigation of the intrinsic activity of the active sites. In recent years, single-site catalysts have become popular because they allow for maximum utilization of the metal centers, show specific catalytic performance, and facilitate easy elucidation of the catalytic mechanism at the molecular level. Accordingly, numerous single-site catalysts were developed for CO₂ reduction to produce value-added chemicals such as CO, CH₄, CH₃OH, formate, and C₂₊ products. Value-added chemicals have also been synthesized with the aid of amines and epoxides. This review summarizes recent state-of-the-art single-site catalysts and their application as heterogeneous catalysts for the electroreduction, photoreduction, and thermal reduction of CO₂. In the discussion, we will highlight the structure-activity relationships for the catalytic conversion of CO₂ with single-site catalysts.     

Oxidative Dehydrogenation of 1-Butene to 1,3-Butadiene Using CO2 over Cr-SiO2 Catalysts Prepared by Sol-gel Method

A series of Cr-SiO₂ catalysts with a Cr content(mass fraction) ranging from 0.5% to 9% was prepared by a sol-gel method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption, EDX elemental mapping, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, XPS and H₂-TPR, and their catalytic behavior in the dehydrogenation of 1-butene to 1,3-butadiene(BD) using CO₂ as a soft oxidant was studied. The initial BD yield is well correlated with the amount of Cr⁶⁺ in the fresh catalysts. The highest BD yield of ca. 34% is achieved on the catalysts with 5%-9% Cr at 600℃ and weight hourly space velocity(WHSV) of 4.5 g·g_cat^-1·h^-1. The promoting effect of CO₂ on the BD yield was observed, which can be attributed to the reaction coupling between a simple dehydrogenation of 1-butene and the reverse water-gas shift reaction as well as regaining the oxidation state(lattice oxygen) of reduced Cr³⁺ species due to the mild oxidation ability of CO₂. The Cr-SiO₂ catalyst exhibits higher BD yield than the Cr catalyst supported on SBA-15, which is attributed to the higher amount of Cr⁶⁺ present on the former catalyst.     

Effect of electron beam irradiation on CO2 reforming of methane over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts

The effect of electron beam irradiation on the CO₂ reforming of methane over Ni/Al₂O₃ was investigated. The conversion rate of CO₂ and CH₄ forming H₂ and CO using various catalysts irradiated with an absorbed dose greater than 2 MGy was 5–10% higher than when using an untreated catalyst. The Ni/O ratio on the catalyst surface increased after treatment with an electron beam, and was more prominent for catalysts with a higher Ni content. As such, based on XRD and XPS measurements, electron beam treatment was found to result in either the desorption of oxygen from NiO or the removal of OH groups from the outermost surface layer of the catalyst. In addition, the concentration of active sites, such as Ni²⁺ and NiO, or surface defects was also found to increase with the absorbed radiation dose, thereby increasing the conversion rate.     

反应条件对铜催化CO2电还原的影响

工业规模的化石能源消耗导致大气中二氧化碳含量不断增加,CO₂转化利用成为人们日益关注的热点问题. 金属铜因其成本低廉、储量丰富,并且具有独特的CO₂亲和力能够生成多碳化合物,是目前CO₂电还原中研究最为广泛深入的电极材料. 由于阴、阳离子的特征吸附对Cu电极性能有显著影响,并且不同反应体系中对Cu电极上CO₂吸附、活化影响也有所不同,因此导致金属Cu电极上报道的电催化活性、产物种类与选择性等都非常宽泛. 基于此,有必要系统地研究各种反应条件对金属Cu电极电催化CO₂还原性能的影响. 作者选择了平均粒径为600 nm的商品化金属Cu颗粒作为电还原CO₂的催化剂,研究了不同反应条件包括各种常用电解质溶液、KHCO₃的浓度以及H型电解池和流动池. 实验结果表明,浓度为0.5 mol·L ^-1的KHCO₃作为电解质溶液具有较好催化活性和较高的产物分电流密度,流动池可以进一步提高主要产物甲酸盐和CO的分电流密度. 本研究工作从反应条件的角度对CO₂还原的电催化转化进行了系统研究,有助于理解电解液和反应器等因素对CO₂电还原反应过程的影响规律.     

柠檬酸盐凝胶法制备纳米CuO-ZnO-ZrO_2的工艺分析及CO_2加氢制甲醇的性能

采用柠檬酸盐凝胶法制备出纳米CuO-ZnO-ZrO_2(CZZ)催化剂,应用XPS、BET、XRD、H_2-TPR、H_2-TPD、CO_2-TPD和TG-DTA等检测手段对催化剂及前驱体的结构进行表征。研究了湿凝胶干燥时间和柠檬酸用量对催化剂结构的影响,并与燃烧法制得的催化剂进行对比,考察了不同催化剂CO_2加氢制甲醇的性能。研究表明,延长湿凝胶干燥时间可有效防止催化剂焙烧时发生喷溅,有利于催化剂中各组分的分散,提高催化剂对H_2和CO_2的吸附能力;112℃干燥48h制得的催化剂(CZZ-48h)BET比表面积为43.5m~2/g,高于燃烧法;柠檬酸用量等于化学计量比时催化剂的性能最佳,在240℃、2.6MPa、空速为3600h-1、H_2/CO_2(体积比)为3的条件下甲醇时空收率达109.4g/(kg·h);柠檬酸过量会影响催化剂组分的分散度,并造成分解残留覆盖催化剂表面活性位而不利于CO_2加氢反应。     

Mo-Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂的制备、表征及加氢脱硫催化性能

以介孔分子筛SBA-15 为载体, 通过分步浸渍硝酸镍、磷酸氢二铵、钼酸铵, 然后在H₂气流下程序升温还原(H₂-TPR), 制备了一系列不同Mo 含量的Mo-Ni₂P/SBA-15 催化剂. 采用X 射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸脱附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂的结构进行了表征, 评价了催化剂对二苯并噻吩(DBT)的加氢脱硫(HDS)活性. 结果表明, Mo-Ni₂P/SBA-15 催化剂仍然保留有介孔结构, 催化剂的物相主要是Ni₂P. 催化剂表面的Ni 以Ni^δ+和Ni²⁺形式存在; P以P^δ-和P⁵⁺形式存在; Mo以Mo^δ+和Mo⁶⁺形式存在. Mo能促进催化性能的提高, 其中Mo含量为1% (w, 质量分数)的Mo-Ni₂P/SBA-15 催化剂具有最好的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫催化活性, 在反应温度为380 ℃, 反应压力为3.0 MPa的条件下, 二苯并噻吩的转化率可达99.03%, 所有考察的Mo-Ni₂P/SBA-15都以直接加氢脱硫(DDS)途径为主.     

Polyoxometalate-based high-nuclear cobalt-vanadium-oxo cluster as efficient catalyst for visible light-driven CO2 reduction

A high-nuclear {Co₁₆-V₄} cluster was firstly isolated by pure inorganic lacunary POM units, which exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for CO₂-to-CO conversion under visible light irradiation.     

制备方法对NiCo/MgO催化剂结构及其甲烷二氧化碳重整反应性能的影响

为进一步提高镍基催化剂的抗积炭能力，增强其甲烷二氧化碳重整反应性能，采用沉积沉淀法（DP）、共沉淀法（CP）和共浸渍法（CI）制备了NiCo/MgO催化剂。结合现代仪器分析表征技术，研究了制备方法对NiCo/MgO催化剂结构和抗积炭能力的影响。结果表明，与共沉淀法相比，沉积沉淀法制备过程为Ni²⁺和Co²⁺的完全水解沉淀提供了碱性环境，粒子的成核和生长速率相对较快，不存局部过饱和现象，所制备的催化剂具有良好的还原性、较小的颗粒粒径（9.7 nm）、良好的Ni/Co分散度（10.4%）和大的比表面积（68.1 m²/g），从而具有优良的抗积炭性能。对于甲烷二氧化碳重整，DP催化剂上CH₄和CO₂转化率保持在88%和92%，与800℃下的热力学平衡转化率相近；同时，H₂收率比CP和CI催化剂分别高约10%和43%，CO收率比CP和CI催化剂分别高约13%和42%，且稳定性更好。