原位共沉淀法制备Ni-Mg-Al-LDHs/γ-Al2O3催化前驱体在甲烷二氧化碳重整反应体系中的性能评价

通过原位共沉淀的方法在γ-Al₂O₃表面上合成了Ni-Mg-Al-LDHs (水滑石), 合成的Ni-Mg-Al-LDHs/γ-Al₂O₃作为催化前驱体经过不同的热处理还原方式得到催化剂Cat-1、Cat-2和Cat-3. 用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、N₂吸附-脱附测试(BET)以及热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)对催化剂的形貌结构和抗积碳能力进行了表征测试; 通过甲烷二氧化碳重整反应体系对催化剂的反应活性和稳定性进行了评价. 结果表明催化剂前驱体的预处理方式对催化剂的反应性能具有较大的影响. Ni-Mg-Al-LDHs/γ-Al₂O₃ 直接经过H2/Ar 常压高频冷等离子体炬的分解还原所获得的催化剂Cat-3 表现出了最佳的催化活性和稳定性. TEM表征表明催化活性组分在Cat-3上的分散性更好, 颗粒粒径更小. BET结果证明Cat-3具备较大的比表面积(195.8 m²·g^-1). Ni-Mg-Al 水滑石的结构赋予了催化剂活性组分在载体γ-Al₂O₃上均匀的分散性, 同时常压高频冷等离体炬对催化剂的表面结构以及活性组分的还原具有进一步的优化作用, 两者的协同作用使Ni-Mg-Al-LDHs/γ-Al₂O₃在甲烷二氧化碳反应体系中具备优良的催化活性和抗积碳性能.     

甲烷干重整反应用Ni-Ru/MgAl类水滑石催化剂的研究

采用焙烧记忆法分别制备Ni/Mg Al O和NiRu/Mg Al O类水滑石催化剂用于甲烷干重整反应.利用XRD、TPR、TG、XPS、CO2-TPD、TEM等表征催化剂的结构及失活特征,发现在Ni/Mg Al O中添加Ru,有利于增加催化剂表面Ni含量,并促进Ni2+的还原.不同Mg/Al比双金属催化剂中,7Ni-0.15Ru/Mg2.5Al催化剂具有较高的催化活性,这归结为该催化剂适宜的碱性、较高表面Ni含量以及小尺寸的Ni0物种.添加Ru明显抑制Ni/Mg Al O催化剂表面的丝状碳的形成.而7Ni-0.15Ru/Mg2.5Al较强的抗积碳性能与其较小Ni0晶粒尺寸及适宜催化剂碱性有关.     

Effect of Ni Loading and CexZr1-xO2 Promoter on Ni-Based SBA-15 Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Methane

A series of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with Ni contents ranging from 5wt% to 20wt% as well as 10wt%Ni/10wt?xZn-xO2/SBA-15 (z=0, 0.5, 1) were prepared. The structures of the catalysts were characterized using XRD, TPR, TEM and BET techniques. The catalytic activities of the catalysts for steam reforming of methane were evaluated in a continuous flow microreactor. The results indicated that both the Ni/SBA-15 and the Ni/CexZr1-xO2/SBA-15 catalysts had good catalytic activities at atmospheric pressure. The 10wt%Ni/SBA-15 catalyst exhibited excellent stability at 800癈 for time on stream of 740 h. After the reaction, carbon deposits were not formed on the surface of the catalyst. There existed a regular hexagonal mesoporous structure in the Ni/SBA-15 and the Ni/CexZr1-xO2/SBA-15 catalysts. The nickel species and the CexZr1-xO2 component were all confined in the SBA-15 mesopores. The CexZr1-xO2 could promote dispersion of the nickel species in the Ni/CexZr1-xO2/SBA-15 catalysts.     

Ni/Al2O3和Ni/La2O3催化剂上低温乙醇水蒸气重整制氢

 采用浸渍、热分解和氢还原等步骤制备了两种纳米晶载体催化剂Ni/Al2O3和Ni/La2O3,应用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、N2吸附和扫描电镜对催化剂的体相和表面结构进行了测定,采用固定床反应器考察了催化剂对乙醇水蒸气重整制氢反应的催化性能. 实验结果表明, 15.3%Ni/La2O3催化剂对乙醇的低温水蒸气重整反应表现出较高的催化活性和稳定性. 250 ℃时乙醇的转化率已达到80.7%,氢气的选择性为49.5%; 330 ℃时乙醇的转化率达到100%,氢气的选择性可达54.3%. 16.1%Ni/Al2O3催化剂对低温乙醇水蒸气重整反应的催化活性较低.     

Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas Over Ni/MgO-Al2O3-AlPO4 Catalysts

Carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas was studied over Ni/MgO-Al₂O₃-AlPO₄ catalysts. The conventional Ni/Al₂O₃ and Ni/MgO-Al₂O₃ catalysts were included for comparison. These catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption and hydrogen chemisorption. The results show that Ni/MgO-Al₂O₃-AlPO₄ was more active than the other two catalysts especially at high reaction temperatures. MgO-Al₂O₃-AlPO₄ has a large pore diameter with a very uniform pore size distribution. It can overcome the pore diffusion effect under high temperature reaction conditions.     

Ni/La_2O_3/Al_2O_3催化剂上甲烷干重整积炭表征与分析(英文)

用传统的等体积浸渍法或蒸发法制备了Ni/La_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3与Ni/La_2O_3/α-Al_2O_3催化剂,在没有稀释气体的条件下进行了甲烷干重整反应.采用H_2程序升温还原、N_2吸附脱附、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、热重-差示扫描热量以及程序升温加氢等手段对新鲜的与反应后的催化剂以及沉积的碳进行了表征.结果表明,催化剂上有四种含碳物种,以三种形态存在,即无定形碳(聚合态)、丝状碳或石墨碳.这些催化剂上积炭的数量与种类各不相同,依赖于催化剂中金属Ni颗粒的大小与载体的织构特性.丝状碳的形成及其形貌与金属Ni颗粒的大小有着密切的联系.Ni颗粒小于15nm时能抑制丝状碳的形成与沉积.减少积炭的数量,同时能产生较多的活性C_a物种,从而在一定程度上导致催化剂具有较好的活性与稳定性.     

反应温度对甲烷部分氧化Ni/SiC催化剂催化行为的影响

利用X射线衍射、热重分析、X射线光电子能谱、透射电镜等方法,考察了反应温度对甲烷部分氧化Ni/SiC催化剂活性和积炭的影响.结果表明,在甲烷部分氧化过程中,反应温度不仅影响催化剂的活性,而且影响催化剂活性组分的存在形式、积炭量以及积炭的形貌.在500℃下,催化剂活性很低,表面Ni物种十分复杂,催化剂积炭严重,主要为碳纳米管.但在850℃下,催化剂具有稳定的高活性,活性组分表面物种主要为金属Ni,催化剂积炭量少,主要为壳状碳.     

Tungsten Promoted Ni／Al2O3 Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas

A series of tungsten promoted alumina supported nickel catalysts has been prepared for the carbon diox-ide reforming of methane to synthesis gas. The catalysts have been characterized by means of XRD, TEM,and Laser Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that the addition of tungsten to the nickel catalyst can stabilize the catalyst and increase the resistance to carbon deposition. Adding a suitable amount of tungsten can also increase the catalyst activity to be close to that of supported noble metal catalysts. The carburisation of the tungsten modified nickel catalyst decreases the catalyst activity at lower reaction temperatures (＜1123K),but has no effect on the catalyst performance at higher reaction temperatures. The alumina supported nickel catalyst modified by 0. 67% (mass fraction) WO3 has the equivalent equilibrium constant of the dry reforming reaction to that of alumina supported 5% (mass fraction) Ru at 873 K, and also has a lower activation energy for dry reforming than the latter.     

Autothermal Reforming of Methane over Ni Catalysts Supported on CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3

Ni catalysts supported on various mixed oxides of Al2O3 with rare earth oxide and transitional metal oxides were synthesized. The studies focused on the measurement of the autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen over Ni catalysts supported on the mixed oxide ZrxCe30-xAl70Oδ (x=5, 10, 15). The catalytic performance of Ni/Zr10Ce20Al70Oδ was better than that of other catalysts. XRD results showed that the addition of Zr to Ni/Ce30Al70Oδ prevented the formation of NiAl2O4 and facilitated the dispersion of NiO. Effects of CuO addition to Zr10Ce20Al70Oδ were also investigated. The activity of Ni catalyst supported on CuO-ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 was somewhat affected and the Ni/Cu5Zr10Ce20Al65Oδ showed the best catalytic performance with the highest CH4 conversion, yield of H2, selectivity for H2 and H2/CO production ratio in operation temperatures ranging from 650 to 750℃.     

Ni3Al箔在甲烷重整反应中的催化性能

研究了以冷轧工艺制备的Ni₃Al单晶箔(Ni-24at% Al), 以及表面预处理(873 K下蒸汽氧化后还原处理)后的Ni₃Al箔, 在甲烷重整制氢反应中的催化性能. 首先, 采用逐步升温法研究了873～1173 K下Ni₃Al箔的催化活性与温度的关系; 然后, 采用等温法研究了973 K下Ni₃Al箔的催化稳定性. 根据催化反应和扫描电镜显微观察的结果得出: 未经预处理和经过预处理的Ni₃Al箔, 在反应中均显示出一定的催化活性和稳定性; 表面预处理对Ni₃Al箔的催化活性有显著的增强作用, 原因是经过该预处理后的Ni₃Al箔形成了富Ni表面; Ni₃Al箔在甲烷重整反应的气氛中, Ni原子从Ni₃Al基体向表面的移动, 是维持催化活性的主要原因.     

加压下甲烷和二氧化碳与水蒸汽重整催化剂的稳定性

甲烷与二氧化碳反应可制备低H。／CO比的合成气，这种含CO高的合成气在斯基合成中作用广泛．由于本反应是消除对环境有害的CO。的重要反应，目前已成为热点课题之一．我们在研究常压下该反应最佳条件及催化剂的抗结炭性能及稳定性的基本上【‘－“，研制了适应于加压反应的MCryZ催化剂．在模拟甲烷水蒸汽重整的工业单管实验条件的变温床中，串装工业用环状催化剂，考查了催化剂性能随反应时间的变化，并进行了稳定性实验．MCryZ催化剂为烧结型，载体主要为a－AI。O。浸渍质量分数为15％～17％的NIO，形状为拉西环，外径14rum，内径6…     

稀土Ce对制合成气用Ce-Ni/Al2O3催化剂活性和稳定性的影响

 用浸渍法制备了Ni／Al2O3和Ce－Ni／Al2O3催化剂,并用BET,TGA－DTA和XPS技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了稀土Ce对催化剂性能的影响,探讨了催化剂失活的原因．结果表明,在甲烷部分氧化和二氧化碳重整反应中,稀土Ce存在有部分还原变价过程（Ce4＋→Ce3＋）,不仅抑制了催化剂的积碳,而且改善了催化剂的水热稳定性和催化性能．经过较长时间反应的Ce－Ni／Al2O3催化剂,其比表面积下降,活性物种Ni和助剂Ce向体相迁移或部分流失,以及Ni晶粒的烧结聚集长大可能是造成催化剂逐渐失活的主要原因．     

双金属合金团簇M12Ni(M=Pt,Sn,Cu)催化甲烷干法重整反应的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了M₁₂Ni(M=Pt, Sn, Cu) 3种双金属合金团簇的电子活性和结构稳定性, 并探讨了甲烷干法重整反应(DRM)在M₁₂Ni双金属团簇表面的反应能量变化情况. 经比较发现甲烷脱氢和二氧化碳活化过程在Pt₁₂Ni团簇表面进行需克服的活化能垒最低, 反应最易进行. Sn₁₂Ni团簇上生成碳需要较高的活化能, 说明Sn₁₂Ni团簇能够有效抑制焦碳的生成, 一定程度上克服了碳沉积导致的催化剂失活现象, 并且Sn₁₂Ni团簇在C ^*和CH ^*氧化过程中表现出最佳的催化活性. Cu₁₂Ni团簇仅在甲烷脱氢过程中表现出较为优异的催化活性.     

甲烷干重整催化剂Ni/Al2O3表面积炭表征与分析

用蒸发法制备了Ni/Al2O3催化剂及浸渍法制备了Ni/α-Al2O3和Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂, 并与商品天然气水蒸气重整催化剂Z118Y一起进行了甲烷干重整实验, 考察了各催化剂上表面积炭行为. 通过H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)比表面积分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重-差式扫描量热(TG-DSC)、程序升温氢化(TPH)等表征手段对催化剂表面沉积炭的特性进行了表征. 结果表明, 各催化剂上至少存在三种形式的碳物种: 无定形碳、丝状碳及石墨碳. 由于载体性质不同, 各催化剂上沉积炭的种类及其含量有所差别. Z118Y、Ni/Al2O3及Ni/α-Al2O3催化剂上主要沉积丝状炭, 而Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上则主要是石墨碳. Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂中金属Ni颗粒较小(小于15 nm)、粒径分布范围较窄、分散性较好, 能减少催化剂表面炭的沉积, 有效地抑制丝状碳的生长.     

Perovskites as Precursors for Ni/La2O3 Catalysts in the Dry Reforming of Methane: Synthesis by Constant pH Co‐Precipitation,Reduction Mechanism and Effect of Ru‐Doping

LaNiO₃ perovskite is an interesting precursor for Ni/La₂O₃ catalysts for the dry reforming of methane at high temperatures. Precursors have been synthesized by co‐precipitation without, with 2.5 at %, and with 5 at % Ru doping. The presence of Ru leads to a stabilization of the perovskite structure and hinders the decomposition into NiO and Ruddlesden‐Popper mixed oxides La_n+1Ni_nO_3n+1, which was observed for the Ru‐free sample upon calcination at 1000 °C (n = 3). Upon reduction in hydrogen, a mechanism involving at least two steps was observed and the first major step was identified as the partial reduction of the precursor leading to a LaNiO_2.5‐like intermediate. The second major step is the reduction to Ni metal supported on La₂O₃ independent of the Ru content of the catalyst. In the presence of Ru, indications for Ni‐Ru alloy formation and for a higher dispersion of the metallic phase were found. The catalytic activity in DRM of the catalyst containing 2.5 % Ru was superior to the catalysts with more or without Ru. Furthermore, the propensity of coke formation was reduced by the presence of Ru.     

Methane reforming With CO2 to syngas over CeO2-promoted Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 catalysts Prepared Via a direct sol-gel process

CeO2-promoted Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 (Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2-CeO2) catalysts were prepared by a direct sol-gel process with citric acid as gelling agent. The catalysts used for the methane reforming with CO2 was studied by infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), microscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The catalytic performance for CO2 reforming of methane to synthesis gas was investigated in a continuous-flow micro-reactor under atmospheric pressure. TGA, IR, XRD and microscopic analysis show that the catalysts prepared by the direct sol-gel process consist of Ni particles with a nanostructure of around 5 nm and an amorphous-phase composite oxide support. There exists a chemical interaction between metallic Ni particles and supports, which makes metallic Ni well dispersed, highly active and stable. The addition of CeO2 effectively improves the dispersion and the stability of Ni particles of the prepared catalysts, and enhances the adsorption of CO2 on the surface of catalysts. The catalytic tests for methane reforming with CO2 to synthesis gas show that the Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2-CeO2 catalysts show excellent activity and stability compared with the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. The excellent catalytic activity and stability of the Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2-CeO2 are attributed to the highly, uniformly and stably dispersed small metallic Ni particles, the high reducibility of the Ni oxides and the interaction between metallic Ni particles and the composite oxide supports.     

Ni／MgO／Al2O3催化剂中Ni前体对甲烷—二氧化碳重整反应活性的影响

考察了以硝酸镍、氯化镍、硫酸镍、醋酸镍及硝酸六氨合镍5种Ni盐制备的Ni/MgO/Al2O3催化剂在CO2与CH4重整制合成气反应中的催化活性,发现Ni前体对活性有明显的影响,以硝酸镍、醋酸镍、硝酸六氨合镍为前体制备的Ni催化剂,反应性较高;以硫酸镍为前体制备的Ni催化剂,可能由于硫中毒等原因而显示出很低的活性;以氯化镍为前体制备的 Ni催化剂,其活性与制备方法有关,未经烧而直接还原的催化剂显示出较好的活性,X－射线粉末衍射（XRD）、BET比表面积及反应后的积量测定结果表明,以硝酸镍、醋酸镍、硝酸六氨合镍为前体制备的Ni催化剂,表面分散性好,比表面积大,积炭量少。     

La2O3 和CeO2对CH4-CO2重整Ni/MgO催化剂结构和性能的影响

采用共沉淀方法制备了NiO-MgO、NiO-La2O3-MgO、NiO-CeO2-MgO三种催化剂，用BET、XRD、TPR、XPS、TG及活性评价等方法考察了La2O3、CeO2助剂对NiO-MgO物化性质和CH4-CO2重整反应性能的影响.实验结果表明，三种催化剂中镍物种以镍镁固溶体形式存在.与NiO-MgO相比， NiO-La2O3-MgO、NiO-CeO2-MgO具有较高比表面积，且其镍物种可还原能力有所增强， NiO-CeO2-MgO尤为明显. La2O3、CeO2均在一定程度上改善了NiO-MgO的CH4-CO2重整反应性能，提高了镍晶粒的抗烧结能力.但二者的作用机制有所差异， La2O3和CeO2分别主要作为结构助剂和电子助剂发挥作用.     

Ce1-xNixO2/Al2O3/FeCrAl催化剂的制备及其甲烷催化燃烧性能

以FeCrA l合金薄片为基体,A l2O3为过渡载体,Ce1-xN ixO2(x=0.1-0.3)、CeO2和N iO为活性组分,制备了Ce1-xN ixO2/A l2O3/FeCrA l、CeO2/A l2O3/FeCrA l和N iO/A l2O3/FeCrA l金属基整体式催化剂,在固定床微型反应器中评价了催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧性能,用SEM、XRD、TPR等方法对催化剂的物相、表面形貌和氧化还原性进行了表征.结果表明,Ce1-xN ixO2在催化剂表面的分散性比CeO2和N iO要好;Ce1-xN ixO2/A l2O3/FeCrA l(x=0.1-0.3)催化剂具有好的催化活性和高温稳定性,CeO2/A l2O3/FeCrA l和N iO/A l2O3/FeCrA l催化剂有好的初活性但高温稳定性较差;活性组分与A l2O3和FeCrA l金属基体之间存在较强的相互作用.     

NiO-MgO固溶体的形成对Ni/MgO-AN催化CO2重整CH4反应活性和稳定性的影响

 以在流动N2中热处理的Mg(OH)2醇凝胶制得的纳米氧化镁(MgO-AN)为载体,浸渍Ni(NO3)2后经不同温度焙烧得到Ni含量为8.8%的NiO/MgO样品,还原后制得Ni/MgO-AN催化剂. 采用XRD和TPR技术对NiO和MgO之间形成的NiO-MgO固溶体进行了表征,并将Ni/MgO-AN催化剂用于催化CO2重整CH4反应. 结果表明,在低于650 ℃焙烧时, NiO不能完全溶入MgO中,NiO/MgO样品中存在自由的NiO粒子,还原态Ni/MgO-AN催化剂在CO2重整CH4反应中的稳定性低; 当样品焙烧温度等于或高于650 ℃时,NiO可以完全溶入MgO中形成NiO-MgO固溶体,还原态Ni/MgO-AN催化剂具有高稳定性.