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光电催化水分解制氢是目前解决能源危机与环境污染最理想的技术之一.设计和构筑高效的光阳极是实现光电催化技术实际应用的关键.在众多半导体光阳极材料中,TiO_2纳米阵列由于其快的电荷传输速率,高的光热稳定性,无毒和成本低等优点,已经被广泛用于光电催化水分解反应的研究.但是TiO_2本征的光吸收范围窄、光生电荷复合率高、表面水氧化动力学缓慢严重地制约了其太阳能-氢能转换效率.我们结合近年来国内外及本课题组的研究工作详细论述了TiO_2纳米阵列的改性策略,主要包括利用元素掺杂来拓展TiO_2的光吸收范围并提高导电性,构筑异质结促进光电极电荷的分离与转移,半导体敏化增加光电极的可见光吸收并促进电荷转移,表面处理用于增加表面水氧化反应速率.最后指出了该材料发展现状,并对其发展前景做出展望.我们为进一步提高TiO_2纳米阵列的光电催化水分解活性提供了理论指导和实践借鉴. 相似文献
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Zhanfeng Zheng Dr. Jaclyn Teo Xi Chen Dr. Hongwei Liu Dr. Yong Yuan Dr. Eric R. Waclawik Dr. Ziyi Zhong Dr. Huaiyong Zhu Prof. Dr. 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2010,16(4):1202-1211
Three catalytic oxidation reactions have been studied: The ultraviolet (UV) light induced photocatalytic decomposition of the synthetic dye sulforhodamine B (SRB) in the presence of TiO2 nanostructures in water, together with two reactions employing Au/TiO2 nanostructure catalysts, namely, CO oxidation in air and the decomposition of formaldehyde under visible light irradiation. Four kinds of TiO2 nanotubes and nanorods with different phases and compositions were prepared for this study, and gold nanoparticle (Au‐NP) catalysts were supported on some of these TiO2 nanostructures (to form Au/TiO2 catalysts). FTIR emission spectroscopy (IES) measurements provided evidence that the order of the surface OH regeneration ability of the four types of TiO2 nanostructures studied gave the same trend as the catalytic activities of the TiO2 nanostructures or their respective Au/TiO2 catalysts for the three oxidation reactions. Both IES and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) proved that anatase TiO2 had the strongest OH regeneration ability among the four types of TiO2 phases or compositions. Based on these results, a model for the surface OH group generation, absorption, and activation of molecular oxygen has been proposed: The oxygen vacancies at the bridging O2? sites on TiO2 surfaces dissociatively absorb water molecules to form OH groups that facilitate adsorption and activation of O2 molecules in nearby oxygen vacancies by lowering the absorption energy of molecular O2. A new mechanism for the photocatalytic formaldehyde decomposition with the Au/TiO2 catalysts is also proposed, based on the photocatalytic activity of the Au‐NPs under visible light. The Au‐NPs absorb the light owing to the surface plasmon resonance effect and mediate the electron transfers that the reaction needs. 相似文献
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Dr. Fujun Niu Dr. Degao Wang Dr. Lenzi J. Williams Dr. Animesh Nayak Prof. Fei Li Dr. Xiangyan Chen Dr. Ludovic Troian-Gautier Prof. Qing Huang Prof. Yanming Liu Dr. M. Kyle Brennaman Prof. John M. Papanikolas Prof. Liejin Guo Prof. Shaohua Shen Prof. Thomas J. Meyer 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(10):e202102630
In fabricating an artificial photosynthesis (AP) electrode for water oxidation, we have devised a semiconductor-mediator-catalyst structure that mimics photosystem II (PSII). It is based on a surface layer of vertically grown nanorods of Fe2O3 on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes with a carbazole mediator base and a Ru(II) carbene complex on a nanolayer of TiO2 as a water oxidation co-catalyst. The resulting hybrid assembly, FTO|Fe2O3|−carbazole|TiO2|−Ru(carbene) , demonstrates an enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation performance compared to an electrode without the added carbaozle base with an increase in photocurrent density of 2.2-fold at 0.95 V vs. NHE and a negatively shifted onset potential of 500 mV. The enhanced PEC performance is attributable to carbazole mediator accelerated interfacial hole transfer from Fe2O3 to the Ru(II) carbene co-catalyst, with an improved effective surface area for the water oxidation reaction and reduced charge transfer resistance. 相似文献
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本文在对新型TiO2的光、电性质和形貌学研究基础上,首次提出"可见光‘全’分解水的类纳PEC电池模型",将水的redox反应分别放在新型TiO2纳米管内、外表面上进行。模型还提出以合适电化学性质的可变价金属氧化物作为放氧催化剂,表面晶格氧参与放O2过程,克服"全"光解水中四电子转移放O2的困难。此模型期望更多同行进行探索、验证。 相似文献
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Jin Su Takashi Hisatomi Tsutomu Minegishi Kazunari Domen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(33):13800-13806
Most CdTe photoanodes and photocathodes show positive and negative photocurrent onset potentials for water oxidation and reduction, respectively, and are thus unable to drive photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting without external applied biases. Herein, the activity of a CdTe photoanode having an internal p‐n junction during PEC water oxidation was enhanced by applying a CdCl2 annealing treatment together with surface modifications. The resulting CdTe photoanode generated photocurrents of 1.8 and 5.4 mA cm?2 at 0.6 and 1.2 VRHE, respectively, with a photoanodic current onset potential of 0.22 VRHE under simulated sunlight (AM 1.5G). The CdCl2 annealing increased the grain sizes and lowered the density of grain boundaries, allowing more efficient charge separation. Consequently, a two‐electrode tandem PEC cell comprising a CdTe‐based photoanode and photocathode split water without any external bias at a solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency of 0.51 % at the beginning of the reaction. 相似文献
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经过钛酸四丁酯强碱溶液中水解→水热→质子交换→焙烧路线制备出Ti O2(B)纳米带.采用HRTEM、FESEM、XRD、UV-Vis、BET和光解水产氢反应等对催化材料的微观表面结构、光吸收性能以及光催化性能进行了研究.结果表明:该路线制备的Ti O2(B)纳米带反应条件温和,便于大批量合成.通过改变实验参数实现晶型结构和微观形貌的调变,且不同晶型结构和微观形貌的材料进行光催化分解水产氢活性对比,它们的活性顺序为:NaxH2-xTi3O7·n H2纳米管Ti O2(B)Ti O2(anatase)Na2Ti6O13,表明Ti O2(B)纳米带是一类较好的光催化分解水制氢半导体材料.提出了Ti O2(B)纳米带的可能经历了Na2Ti3O7→H2Ti3O7→H2Ti6O13→H2Ti12O25→Ti O2(B)的形成过程. 相似文献
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利用太阳能光催化水解制氢是获得清洁、廉价、无污染的氢气最有前景的一种方式。这个过程主要包括三个步骤:太阳光的捕获,电荷分离与转移,催化质子还原产生氢气。其中,大量的研究工作主要集中在前两步,对于第三步的研究则相对较少。然而,共催化剂的引入可以有效促进光催化活性并提高氢气产生速率。共催化剂主要分为贵金属共催化剂和非贵金属共催化剂,其中,贵金属共催化剂有着较高的活性,但是其价格及来源限制了其实际应用,因此开发廉价高效的非贵金属共催化剂非常重要。本文对TiO2基光解水析氢的非贵金属共催化剂(过渡金属单质及其复合物以及非金属碳基材料)进行了总结,详细讨论了不同共催化剂的作用机理,并对共催化剂的发展方向进行了合理展望。 相似文献
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The use of fossil fuels has caused serious environmental problems such as air pollution and the greenhouse effect. Moreover, because fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy source, they cannot meet the continuously increasing demand for energy. Therefore, the development of clean and renewable energy sources is necessitated. Hydrogen energy is a clean, non-polluting renewable energy source that can ease the energy pressure of the whole society. The sunlight received by the Earth is 1.7× 1014 J in 1 s, which far exceeds the total energy consumption of humans in one year. Therefore, conversion of solar energy to valuable hydrogen energy is of significance for reducing the dependence on fossil fuels. Since Fujishima and Honda first reported on TiO2 in 1972, it has been discovered that semiconductors can generate clean, pollution-free hydrogen through water splitting driven by electricity or light. Hydrogen generated through this approach can not only replace fossil fuels but also provide environmentally friendly renewable hydrogen energy, which has attracted considerable attention. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting can use solar energy to produce clean, sustainable hydrogen energy. Because the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) over a photoanode is sluggish, the overall energy conversion efficiency is considerably low, limiting the practical application of PEC water splitting. A cocatalyst is, thus, necessary to improve PEC water splitting performance. So far, the synthesis of first-row transition-metal-based (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni, and Mn) cocatalysts has been intensively studied. Iron is earth-abundant and less toxic than other transition metals, making it a good cocatalyst. In addition, iron-based compounds exhibit the properties of a semiconductor/metal and have unique electronic structures, which can improve electrical conductivity and water adsorption. Various iron-based catalysts with high activity have been designed to improve the efficiency of PEC water oxidation. This article briefly summarizes the research progress related to the structure, synthesis, and application of iron oxyhydroxides, iron-based layered double hydroxides, and iron-based perovskites and discusses the evaluation of the performance of these cocatalysts toward photoelectrochemical water oxidation.
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Promoted Fixation of Molecular Nitrogen with Surface Oxygen Vacancies on Plasmon‐Enhanced TiO2 Photoelectrodes 下载免费PDF全文
Chengcheng Li Dr. Tuo Wang Dr. Zhi‐Jian Zhao Weimin Yang Prof. Jian‐Feng Li Ang Li Prof. Zhilin Yang Prof. Geoffrey A. Ozin Prof. Jinlong Gong 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(19):5278-5282
A hundred years on, the energy‐intensive Haber–Bosch process continues to turn the N2 in air into fertilizer, nourishing billions of people while causing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The urgency of mitigating climate change motivates society to progress toward a more sustainable method for fixing N2 that is based on clean energy. Surface oxygen vacancies (surface Ovac) hold great potential for N2 adsorption and activation, but introducing Ovac on the very surface without affecting bulk properties remains a great challenge. Fine tuning of the surface Ovac by atomic layer deposition is described, forming a thin amorphous TiO2 layer on plasmon‐enhanced rutile TiO2/Au nanorods. Surface Ovac in the outer amorphous TiO2 thin layer promote the adsorption and activation of N2, which facilitates N2 reduction to ammonia by excited electrons from ultraviolet‐light‐driven TiO2 and visible‐light‐driven Au surface plasmons. The findings offer a new approach to N2 photofixation under ambient conditions (that is, room temperature and atmospheric pressure). 相似文献
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Qin Xie Qiang‐Qiang Meng Gui‐Lin Zhuang Jian‐Guo Wang Xiao‐Nian Li 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2012,112(13):2585-2590
Photocatalytic splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen by utilizing solar energy is regarded as an effective strategy to solve oil crisis. By utilizing density functional calculations, we herein present the systemic studies with respect to water splitting mechanism on N‐doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs), and focus on activation energy, thermodynamic properties, and effects of N‐doping on reaction process. Our results reveal that the impurity 2p states of doped nitrogen effectively change electronic structure of TiO2 NTAs, which act as an electron acceptor and facilitate weakly bound electrons of valence band to be easily excited to acceptor level, as well as enhance the first H2O adsorption and dissociation on the inside wall of N‐doped TiO2 NTAs. Therefore, it is found that the rate‐determining step of water splitting is the formation reaction of HOO* on N‐doped TiO2 NTAs rather than the formation of HO* from the first H2O. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011 相似文献
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将钛酸四丁酯和硬脂酸在熔融状态下混合均匀后置于冷水浴中,使其凝固成凝胶,通过控制烧结过程中氧气的含量,成功地制备出粒度均匀、介电性能好的纳米晶TiO2.通过采用X射线光电子能谱和表面光电压谱对纳米晶TiO2表面状态的分析发现,材料表面存在大量的氧空位缺陷,暴露在粒子表面上的主要是一些金属Ti4+.纳米材料的这种表面状态对其极化性质具有重要的影响,使其在接近静态条件下的低频介电常数远大于常规材料的介电常数. 相似文献
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Prof. Zexing Wu Pengfei Yang Qichang Li Prof. Weiping Xiao Prof. Zhenjiang Li Prof. Guangrui Xu Prof. Fusheng Liu Prof. Baohua Jia Prof. Tianyi Ma Prof. Shouhua Feng Prof. Lei Wang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(14):e202300406
Oxygen vacancies-enriched black TiO2 is one promising support for enhancing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, oxygen vacancies enriched black TiO2 supported sub-nanometer Pt clusters (Pt/TiO2-OV) with metal support interactions is designed through solvent-free microwave and following low-temperature electroless approach for the first time. High-temperature and strong reductants are not required and then can avoid the aggregation of decorated Pt species. Experimental and theoretical calculation verify that the created oxygen vacancies and Pt clusters exhibit synergistic effects for optimizing the reaction kinetics. Based on it, Pt/TiO2-OV presents remarkable electrocatalytic performance with 18 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 coupled with small Tafel slope of 12 mV dec−1. This work provides quick synthetic strategy for preparing black titanium dioxide based nanomaterials. 相似文献
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Ming Ma Dr. Kan Zhang Ping Li Myung Sun Jung Myung Jin Jeong Prof. Jong Hyeok Park 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(39):11819-11823
Alleviating charge recombination at the electrode/electrolyte interface by introducing an overlayer is considered an efficient approach to improve photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. A WO3 overlayer with dual oxygen and tungsten vacancies was prepared by using a solution‐based reducing agent, LEDA (lithium dissolved in ethylenediamine), which improved the PEC performance of the mesoporous WO3 photoanode dramatically. In comparison to the pristine samples, the interconnected WO3 nanoparticles surrounded by a 2–2.5 nm thick overlayer exhibited a photocurrent density approximately 2.4 times higher and a marked cathodic shift of the onset potential, which is mainly attributed to the facilitative effect on interface charge transfer and the improved conductivity by enhanced charge carrier density. This simple and effective strategy may provide a new path to improve the PEC performance of other photoanodes. 相似文献
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通过阳极氧化法在纯钛板上制备TiO2纳米管阵列电极.在光电化学电解池阳极中加入供电子物质乙二醇,显著减小了TiO2纳米管的电荷传递阻抗,促进了光电催化裂解水产氢反应.采用阴极电沉积和阳极氧化法制备了单质铈和氧化铈共同改性的TiO2纳米管阵列半导体光阳极,其平带电位向电负方向移动.采用电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)对改性后TiO2纳米管阵列在光电催化裂解水产氢中的电子传输性能以及界面性质进行了表征,确定了各阻抗弧对应的电极过程.采用合理的等效电路模型计算了电极的电子传输动力学参数.结果表明,经铈改性后的TiO2纳米管阵列膜电阻明显减小,有利于氢气的产生.探讨了单质铈与氧化铈促进TiO2纳米管阵列电荷传输的作用机理. 相似文献