A surface matching approach to target recognition from forward-looking laser radar imagery

A modified spin-image surface matching system for out-of-plane rotation-invariant recognition in forward-looking laser radar (Ladar) range imagery has been described in the literature. In this paper, we experimentally address the relation between the training-set size used in the new method and recognition rate and present a method for selecting the training sample images. The modified system has attractive properties that include: rotated invariance, simplified training-set selection, predigestion from the 3-D range image to a set of 2-D images, tolerance for a significant amount of noise, no feature extraction. Each of these properties is investigated in the paper.     

Short-wave infrared signature and detection of aicraft in flight based on space-borne hyperspectral imagery

Infrared signatures of aircraft are the basis for detection and monitoring. In past years, most of the studies focused on the aircraft's infrared signature in the mid-wave spectral region and long-wave spectral region for missile guidance or aircraft survivability studies. For the security of civil aviation, methods and instruments that can detect and monitor aircrafts from space are expected to be developed in the coming years. A short-wave infrared hyperspectral imager aboard the Tiangong-1 spacecraft acquired some civil aircraft's spectral data. The differences between the aircraft and the background in their spectral signatures are analyzed and discussed. Less absorption in the vapor absorption bands and a reflection spike is discovered at the 1.84 μm spectral band. The result shows that 1.84 μm and other vapor absorption bands can make contributions to aircraft detection in the daytime.     

自动选取辅助目标的建筑物目标间接定位方法

针对序列图像中目标因不显著、被遮挡等情况而出现的虚警或丢失问题，提出一种基于自动选取辅助目标的建筑物目标间接定位方法，提高目标跟踪稳定性。该方法首先自动选取红外图像中形状稳定、灰度显著的区域作为辅助目标。定位建筑物目标后，提取其与目标相对位置关系, 之后利用该相对位置间接定位，最后融合直接识别及间接定位结果定位目标，并能实时更新辅助目标，保证其时刻处于视场中。实验结果表明:通过间接定位能解决目标虚警或丢失问题，提升目标定位过程中算法的准确性及鲁棒性。     

Target tracking in infrared imagery using a novel particle filter

To address two challenging problems in infrared target tracking, target appearance changes and unpre- dictable abrupt motions, a novel particle filtering based tracking algorithm is introduced. In this method, a novel saliency model is proposed to distinguish the salient target from background, and the eigenspace model is invoked to adapt target appearance changes. To account for the abrupt motions efficiently, a two- step sampling method is proposed to combine the two observation models. The proposed tracking method is demonstrated through two real infrared image sequences, which include the changes of luminance and size, and the drastic abrupt motions of the target.     

An improved building boundary extraction algorithm based on fusion of optical imagery and LIDAR data

This article presents a new method of automatic boundary extraction using LIDAR-optical fusion suited to handle diverse building shapes. This method makes full use of the complementary advantages of LIDAR data and optical imagery. Different building features are extracted from the two data sources and fused to form the final complete building boundaries. First, the points of each roof patch are detected from LIDAR point cloud. This process consists of four steps: filtering, building detection, wall point removal and roof patch detection. Second, initial building edges are extracted from optical imagery using an improved Canny detector constrained by edge location information derived from the LIDAR point cloud as edge buffer areas. Finally, the roof patch and initial edges are integrated by mathematical morphology to form the final complete building boundaries. All processes have no constraints or rules on building shapes. This method is fully data-driven and suitable for any building shape. LIDAR data and aerial images of complex geographical environments are used to test the method. These experimental results demonstrate that our method can automatically extract accurate boundaries for buildings with complex shapes, and also is highly robust in complex environments.     

改进的双曲等效法用于双站合成孔径雷达前视成像

双站合成孔径雷达(SAR)前视成像有着很多的潜在应用,比如在能见度很低的天气实现飞机的导航和盲降,提高飞机飞行的安全度等.然而实现双站SAR前视成像的难点在于其距离历程的双根式性,直接采用驻定相位原理对其分解将得到复杂的解析式,从而后续算法的推导变得困难.现有的双曲等效法可以将双根式距离历程等效为单根式,但由于该方法为距离历程的二阶近似,当用于双站SAR前视成像时,由于其较大的前视角,未完全等效的距离历程高次项造成的误差已经超出可以接受的范围.针对以上问题,本文首先提出了一种改进的双曲等效法,该方法通过引入新的补偿变量来提高距离历程的等效精度;然后在此基础上推导回波信号的二维频谱解析式,并给出了一种适用于双站SAR前视成像的距离多普勒算法;最后通过仿真实验,将原双曲等效法与改进方法的等效误差以及成像结果做对比,验证了本文算法的有效性和优越性.     

二维材料异质结高灵敏度红外探测器

要想实现弱光探测,需要探测器具有高灵敏度.石墨烯、过渡金属硫化物、黑磷等二维材料因具有宽光谱吸收、带隙可调、高载流子迁移率等良好的光学与电学性能,广泛应用于红外探测器的制作,然而这些材料存在弱光吸收、载流子迁移率低、空气稳定性差等问题,制约了其在高灵敏度红外探测领域的应用.同单一的二维材料相比,二维材料异质结不仅具有各...     

Effect of infrared radiation on the plasticity of solid hydrogen

This paper reports on the first results obtained from the investigation of the effect of IR radiation on the low-temperature (1.8 ≤ T ≤ 4.2 K) plasticity of solid hydrogen. It has been found that, when the samples are exposed to IR radiation, a drastic increment Δɛ_IR of the elongation per unit length ɛ (which was preliminarily achieved under a continuously applied mechanical stress σ = const) occurs without an increase in the temperature of the samples. It has been revealed that the effect observed both in the case of normal hydrogen (n-H₂, 75% o-H₂) and in the case of parahydrogen (p-H₂, ∼0.2% o-H₂) only for a sufficiently high power of the IR radiation source has a threshold character. The reverse deformation of solid hydrogen is observed after the irradiation with a flux of IR photons is completed: the quantity ɛ rapidly decreases to values provided only by the applied load. The appearance of jumps in the increment of deformation Δɛ_IR ⁱ is interpreted as a consequence of the existence of the fundamental IR absorption band for solid hydrogens. It has been established that, depending on the time t of exposure of the samples to IR radiation, the change in the quantity Δɛ_IR ⁱ (t) obeys the logarithmic law, which is characteristic of the dislocation creep and observed in the case of unirradiated hydrogen. It has also been found that, under multiple relatively long-term exposure to IR radiation, the constant α of the logarithmic creep of n-H₂ abruptly decreases, whereas the strength of both the n-H₂ and p-H₂ samples increases significantly, which indicates their explicit hardening (instead of the expected “superplastic” behavior due to the exposure to IR irradiation).     

Non-contacting laser based displacement measurements from solid objects

This note reports a laser Doppler interferometer for measuring the axial motion of solid targets which have had no prior preparation. Both magnitude and sense of motion are measured to a resolution at least 0.316 μm usinga passive optical system and simple signal processing, making the device relatively cheap to construct. Results indicate that the LDI is capable of good linearity over a substantial range of target amplitudes and has a reasonable degree of immunity from speckle effects.     

A novel tunable infrared detector based on a quantum ballistic channel

We consider the possibility of infrared signal detection using photon-induced intersubband scattering in a quantum ballistic channel (QBC). Our calculations show that light absorption in a QBC with a non-uniform narrowed end can lead to a photovoltaic effect. Using mode matching techniques, the photocurrent is obtained. Evaluations of the responsivity, detectivity and bandwidth of the proposed photovoltaic detector are favorable for practical applications.     

Survey on spectral infrared and optical properties of building glasses and panes

In order to judge the energy performance of windows we have measured the spectral transmittance and reflectance of many commercial glazings with two double-beam spectrometers in the wavelength range between 200 nm and 45 μm. From these spectra we have calculated the relevant data of single and multiple glazings with respect to solar and thermal radiation.     

类Opal光子晶体红外区安德森定域化理论研究

本文根据Mie散射理论和低浓度近似下,对在中红外区高折射率半导体材料AlP等做为散射体的类Opal光子晶体的安德森定域化进行了理论研究,发现在浓度为10%,折射率比值大于3.8,无吸收状态下,此类晶体将出现两个定域化区.同时为此类晶体的定域化研究提供了一个比较理想的处理方法.     

热膨胀型固体物态方程

根据晶体热振动的非谐振效应,推导出了一种热膨胀形式的固体物态方程.与常用的Gr櫣ｎｅｉｓｅｎ物态方程相比,该热膨胀物态方程在理论上说明了极高压下等熵线族趋近于冷压线的事实,并可很好地连接固体高压与常压性质.介绍了该物态方程的理论,定义了新的热力学函数,并对如何采用冲击Hugoniot方程拟合热膨胀形式的固体物态方程进行了介绍 关键词： 物态方程 固体 高压 热膨胀     

Measurement of borneol based on infrared spectrometry

The infrared spectrometry contains multiple information of the sample, and it is easy to be applied to online measurement. To Chinese medicine, this technology can improve the standard of quality control and accelerate the modernization course. In this paper, we investigate the spectral characteristics of borneol,an effective ingredient in many Chinese medicines. The following results are achieved. In middle infrared (MIR) region, utilizing the linear relationship between absorption and concentration, the concentration of borneol with relative error within 4.30% in the strongest absorption region (2950-2970 cm-1) is measured;in near infrared (NIR) region, the predicted concentrations of borneol are calculated by using partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis, in which the wavelengths are selected by genetic algorithm (GA) from the absorption bands of borneol in NIR region. The predicted relative error of calibration model is less than 2%. This result shows that PLS regression analysis combining genetic algorithm is a good method to improve prediction and reduce data in NIR region.     

基于红外图像仿真的光电模拟器研究

针对舰载光电跟踪仪仿真测试需求,提出基于红外图像仿真的光电模拟器的设计。利用Ｖｅｇａ仿真平台计算所得辐亮度和仿真图像灰度值之间线性关系,求解该线性映射关系,对红外仿真场景的图像进行分析标定。通过某型光电跟踪仪定型试验验证,光电通道跟踪精度达到１ ｍｒａｄ,满足系统指标要求。光电模拟器可完成在复杂背景、夜间等外场无法进行的试验条件下,对光电跟踪仪动态性能和战技指标的测试。     

基于红外图像的打击效能评估研究

开发新型智能化、模块化自动枪塔系统对于保护国家领土主权具有重要意义。针对现有枪塔打击效能评估系统过于复杂且不具有良好实时性等问题,提出基于红外图像分析的近距离、远距离打击效能评估准则,并通过计算机编程重点对远距离打击效能评估准则进行了数字实验验证。远距离评估准则是通过建立各种因素影响下的数字化模型,结合各种因素计算目标人群丧失战斗能力的概率值,最后将概率值转化为相应的打击效能评估值。针对3人目标群体的数字实验表明:0人丧失战斗力、1人丧失战斗力、2人丧失战斗力情况下的打击效能评估值分别为24.8、20.3、4.6,符合远距离打击效能评估准则,对实现自动打击具有一定的理论指导意义和工程应用价值。     

基于标志点等距映射的高光谱图像端元提取算法

针对Isomap-NFINDR端元提取算法复杂度高、占用内存多、效率低的缺点,提出一种基于标志点选择Isomap的快速端元提取算法。该方法采用最大最小距离法来选取初始的K个聚类中心点,并采用光谱夹角距离SAD代替欧式距离来进行聚类分割;根据图像的空间特性,从去除聚类的边界点后剩余点间隔抽取距离聚类中心距离最小的N个点作为标志点。真实高光谱图像实验结果表明,提出的算法精度接近原始的基于Isomap-NFINDR算法,而效率提高了将近60倍。