机械阻抗测量的一种新方法

本文介绍了一种新的机械阻抗测量方法－声强法，由定义出发将机械阻抗表为功率流和加速度响应谱的函数，应用结构声强技术测量功率流，声强法不需要测量作用力信号，可以用于测量任意结构中的各类机械阻抗，实验结果表明，声强获得的测量值与直接获得的测量值相近，声强法能较准确地测量一维和二维匀质结构中机械阻抗。     

结构声强技术测量墙体结构中弯曲波耦合功率流

虽然结构声强技术已成功地应用于匀质薄壁结构，但在建筑结构的应用研究只是一些定性的探讨，本文应用结构声强技术研究建筑结构中弯曲波声强的测量，以传统方法获得的结构总损耗能量测量值为参考，基于９５％合成置信区间研究弯曲波声强的测量精度，初步探讨了结构声强技术在建筑中应用的可行性。     

FFT分析仪-微机声强测量系统及其应用

本文讨论用HP 3562A动态信号分析仪与HP9000/320微机联机所组成的声强测量分析系统,利用自编软件进行声强的测量和分析。系统的输出功能有:50Hz—10kHz范围内各种频率分辨率的声强谱和声功率谱(线性或A计权,窄带或1/3倍频程分析),表面的三维声强图和等声强线图。以B＆K4205标准声功率源和电动机为测量对象,与在半消声室内按ISO 3745测得的结果进行对比表明,本声强测量系统的精度能满足一般工程要求。最后还提供了应用本测量系统对一台车床的噪声幅射进行分析的实例。     

南海北部浅海声场起伏及统计特性

水下声场的时间积分声强和峰值声强是声呐检测中的重要物理量,而海洋中的内波等动力学过程会造成声场强度的起伏。对南海北部浅海内波环境下定点声起伏实验数据分析,结合数值仿真,总结了试验海域近海底发射和近海底接收条件下内波引起接收信号强度起伏的统计特性.分析结果表明:接收信号的时间积分声强起伏小于峰值声强起伏;时间积分声强与峰值声强起伏的概率分布与对数正态分布较为接近.时间积分声强和峰值声强起伏大小与信号的频率有关,同一收发距离,中心频率650 Hz信号的声强起伏较中心频率310 Hz和375 Hz信号的声强起伏更为剧烈。对于同一频率,当海底较平坦时,声强起伏的闪烁指数随传播距离的增加而增大;当水深随传播距离逐渐变深时,声强起伏规律受内波和水深变化共同影响而更为复杂,闪烁指数先随传播距离增加而增大,之后又随传播距离的增加而逐渐变小.      

用声强技术测量结构的声辐射效率

声辐射率是反映结构声辐射能力的一个重要指标.本文介绍了用声强技术测量声辐射率的方法.该方法与传统方法相比,不但可以得到局部结构的声辐射率,而且具有省时、省力、省设备等优点.     

共振干涉法声速测定中声强减损的讨论

介绍子在共振干涉声速测定中,随接收探头和发射探头的距离增加,声强（能流密度）减小的规律和机制,指出了发射探头活塞式振动是导致能流密度减少的主要原因。     

计算机在声强测量中的应用

声强测量作为新的测试手段在噪声控制领域中应用愈来愈广。为了提高实验效率,扩大应用范围,本文实现了声强测量的计算机控制。编制了测算声功率及测绘声强三维分布图的应用软件。在此基础上,通过实验说明了声强测量在测量声功率及鉴别噪声源方面的应用及其优点。     

矢量气动声学的理论研究进展及应用

气动声学的声比拟理论以密度、声压等标量为波动算子变量,建立非齐次波动方程,描述流体运动及与边界作用诱发声音的辐射,但标量无法直接描述声能量的传播过程和途径.在流体力学研究中,标量用于描述当前当地的物质状态,而矢量用于描述质量和能量的传输.借鉴上述思想,开展了矢量气动声学的研究,概述矢量气动声学的理论研究进展及应用,主要包括:（1）以声粒子速度为变量,采用声比拟理论的思想直接从Navier-Stokes方程出发推导建立了气动声学的矢量波动方程及两种频域解;（2）综合利用声压和声粒子速度的积分解,直接求解声源周围的瞬时和有功声强矢量场,直观显示声能量的传播途径,应用于旋转声源辐射声能量的传播分析,揭示了亚音速旋转声源辐射声能量的3种传播模式:螺旋模式、声学黑洞模式和R-A模式;（3）采用球谐级数展开方法建立旋转点/紧凑声源辐射噪声的声压和声粒子速度的频域解析解,在此基础上推导了声功率谱的频域解析解,建立了识别旋转叶片声源在空间域和频域分布特征的方法;（4）综合利用矢量气动声学方法和等效源方法,显示声源和散射边界周围声强矢量场的分布特征和能量传播途径,直接揭示了阻抗边界主要的吸声位置以及直接计算得到阻抗边界的吸收声功率.      

改进的非负声强和有用声强识别表面声辐射*

识别结构表面对远场声辐射有实质贡献的区域,对控制远场声辐射有重要意义。该文以非负声强法为基础得到改进的声强计算方法,这种方法比非负声强法计算量小,能更好地识别出表面对远场有贡献的区域。该文对有用声强法从特征值和截断准则的角度进行了一些改进。最后,以四边简支薄板为例,分别采用这三种方法计算几种不同频率下的噪声辐射区域。数值计算结果表明,采用该文提出的方法可以较好地识别出结构表面对远场声辐射有实质贡献的区域,而且计算量相对较小。     

关于声波在空气中衰减的实验研究

通过测量声波传播过程中声压峰值的变化,给出了声强衰减系数的实验结果和不确定度评估．     

Passive and active interior noise control of box structures using the structural intensity method

This paper presents passive and active vibro-acoustic noise control methods for attenuating the interior noise level in box structures which can be an analogy of cabins of vehicle and aircraft. The structural intensity (SI) approach is adopted to identify the predominant vibration panels and interior noise sources for box structures. In the study, the finite element method is used to determine the structural vibration and structural intensity in the box surfaces. According to structural intensity vectors plot and structural intensity stream lines presentation, the possible effective control positions where the dampers may be attached and the active control forces may act to reduce vibration and interior noise, are identified. From the study, it can be demonstrated that the structural intensity approach and stream line presentation are possible methods for identifying the vibro-acoustic interior noise source and predominant panels which may be modified to reduce the interior noise level. The structural intensity methodology, passive and active noise control results can be extended to the further study of the vibration and interior noise control of actual cabins of vehicles and aircraft.     

D-荧光素的结构和振动光谱的理论研究

采用密度泛函的B3LYP和B3PW91方法在6-311++G**基组水平上全优化了D-荧光素分子的平衡构型和振动光谱。采用标度量子力学力场(SQM)方法研究了D-荧光素分子的振动光谱。为了详细分析振动模式的贡献,定义了分子的局域内坐标,用改编的分子振动计算程序组将计算的笛卡尔坐标力常数转换成了局域内坐标力常数。用GF矩阵方法进行了简正坐标分析,获得了振动频率和势能分布(PEDs)。根据PEDs对所有的振动模式进行了指认。结果表明,在红外光谱中,所有振动模式均有红外活性,其中吸收强度最强的峰的振动频率为1 780 cm-1,吸收强度为507 KM·mol-1,根据计算所得的PEDs矩阵,可以清楚的看出该振动吸收峰主要由羧基C₂₁O₂₂双键伸缩振动所贡献,其PEDs为93%。在拉曼光谱中,D-荧光素分子的所有振动模式也表现出了拉曼活性,振动频率在1 200～1 700 cm-1范围的吸收峰具有较强的拉曼活性。其中吸收强度最强的吸收峰的频率为1 573 cm-1,吸收强度为297 KM·mol-1,是五元环CN键的伸缩振动所贡献。结果可为进一步研究荧光素衍生物的结构、发光活性提供一定的理论依据。     

Pulsed TV-holography recording for vibration analysis applications

TV-holography is a well-known tool for vibration analysis. Using the so-called time-average method, this technique allows to record interferograms showing the mode shapes of a structure submitted to vibration excitation and is currently used for modal identification.Within the frames of a BRITE-EURAM program called vibration intensity processing using full-field multi-pulse laser technique (VIP), a TV-holography equipment has been developed, working with a 25 Hz pulsed laser and allowing easy on-site measurements. A measurement procedure has been defined and a specific data processing has been developed for the determination of structural intensity fields, which give transfer path of the vibration energy within a structure.The measurement of these quantities is possible the using classical means (accelerometers, stress gauges, etc.) but the data processing is complex and require a lot of accurate sensors because it is based on spatial derivatives of high order. The optical techniques (laser vibrometry, holography, etc.) are more suited for that purpose because of the high density of measuring points and because of the well-known advantages of these methods: reduced measurement time and no modification of the mass parameters of the structure as it is the case when using contact sensors.Different kinds of output data are then given: operational deflection shape, amplitude and phase, structural intensity field and its divergence through a further step of data processing. The complete procedure with the associated data processing has been tested (for various configurations of excitation and damping) first on a clamped plate, then on a cylinder and at the end on several industrial components.This paper describes the general measurement procedure and the equipment used. The data processing is also presented and various measurement results are shown. The conclusion gives the main advantages and limitations of the method and evaluates the application possibilities.     

Research on performance indices of vibration isolation system

Power flow transmissibility is proposed as a performance index to evaluate the performance of isolation system. It is defined as the ratio of the power flow input into the equipment and the power flow transmitted into the receiver. Based on a simple vibration isolation system, its relationship with other performance indices is given by theoretical and numerical analysis. The results show that power flow transmissibility can reflect the response characteristics of the whole isolation system effectively. In addition, power flow transmissibility can be estimated easily according to vibration acceleration level difference and does not involve the measurement of power flow. Furthermore, the influences of several parameters such as the damping, loss factor and stiffness of isolator on power flow transmissibility are analyzed.     

磁悬浮－气囊主被动混合隔振装置理论和实验

为了更有效地控制舰船动力机械宽频和低频线谱振动的传递,提出了一种将磁悬浮作动器与气囊隔振器集成应用的磁悬浮-气囊主被动混合隔振装置。通过对磁悬浮作动器机电耦合特性和混合隔振系统动力学特性的分析研究,确定了满足线谱振动控制要求和满足混合隔振装置性能要求的参数设计方法。针对主动控制时,FxLMS (filtered-x least mean square)算法在小阻尼系统上需用高阶FIR滤波器建模,运算量大的问题,提出了分频段控制的改进FxLMS算法,并有效地解决了作动器的非线性效应问题。样机实验结果表明:理论分析是正确的,该项技术控制力需求小,装置稳定性好,具有优良的宽频隔振和低频线谱振动控制效果。      

Experimental verification of the optimal tuning of a tunable vibration neutralizer for global vibration control

A theoretical method has been previously proposed by the authors to optimize a tunable vibration neutralizer for global vibration control. However, experimental verification of the tuning method has yet to be presented. This paper aims to do this. It is shown that by using the proposed optimization method, the tunable vibration neutralizer can be as effective as an active control device in reducing global vibration of a structure. One particularly interesting finding is that although the vibration neutralizer is a passive device which is incapable of supplying energy to a system, it appears to be as effective as active control in reducing the global vibration of a structure, even in the frequency range where the control device is required to supply energy.     

Simple method for measuring vibration amplitude of high power airborne ultrasonic transducer: Using thermo-couple

Vibration amplitude of transducer’s elements is the influential parameters in the performance of high power airborne ultrasonic transducers to control the optimum vibration without material yielding. The vibration amplitude of elements of provided high power airborne transducer was determined by measuring temperature of the provided high power airborne transducer transducer’s elements. The results showed that simple thermocouples can be used both to measure the vibration amplitude of transducer’s element and an indicator to power transmission to the air. To verify our approach, the power transmission to the air has been investigated by other common method experimentally. The experimental results displayed good agreement with presented approach.     

Transformer winding fault detection by vibration analysis methods

In this paper, the vibration of power transformer windings is studied with the aim of identifying the winding structural condition. A winding vibration model coupled with electromagnetic force analysis is proposed to obtain the steady-state vibration distribution along the axial direction. During the experiment, the model was validated on a full size, 50 MVA, three phase power transformer. Good agreement was found between the measured vibrations and the vibrations that were calculated from the model developed in this study for a healthy winding. The effect of the winding clamping force on vibration is studied to assess the winding clamping state, and different types of winding deformations were simulated to extract diagnostic information. The preliminary study shows that it is feasible to predict the mechanical faults of transformer windings with the vibration method.     

Effect of viscous damping on power transmissibility for the vibration isolation of building services equipment

Vibration isolation plays an important role in both the vibration and noise control of building services equipment. To evaluate vibration isolation performance, the force transmissibility method is commonly adopted. However, increasing the damping effect in the force transmissibility method reduces both the resonance peak value and the isolation performance in the “isolation region”. The limitation of the method is that the transmitted displacement of a floor structure and the interaction of mounting points are neglected. To include the floor displacement and the interaction of mounting points, Mak and Su recently proposed the power transmissibility method to assess the performance of vibration isolation. In this paper, the effect of viscous damping on power transmissibility is investigated. A practical procedure for experimentally determining the damping ratio is also given.     

Ventilation duct with concurrent acoustic feed-forward and decentralised structural feedback active control

This paper presents theoretical and experimental work on concurrent active noise and vibration control for a ventilation duct. The active noise control system is used to reduce the air-borne noise radiated via the duct outlet whereas the active vibration control system is used to both reduce the structure-borne noise radiated by the duct wall and to minimise the structural feed-through effect that reduces the effectiveness of the active noise control system. An elemental model based on structural mobility functions and acoustic impedance functions has been developed to investigate the principal effects and limitations of feed-forward active noise control and decentralised velocity feedback vibration control. The principal simulation results have been contrasted and validated with measurements taken on a laboratory duct set-up, equipped with an active noise control system and a decentralised vibration control system. Both simulations and experimental results show that the air-borne noise radiated from the duct outlet can be significantly attenuated using the feed-forward active noise control. In the presence of structure-borne noise the performance of the active noise control system is impaired by a structure-borne feed-through effect. Also the sound radiation from the duct wall is increased. In this case, if the active noise control is combined with a concurrent active vibration control system, the sound radiation by the duct outlet is further reduced and the sound radiation from the duct wall at low frequencies reduces noticeably.