ELASTO-PLASTIC BRANCHED ANALYSIS FOR AN INTERFACE CRACK BASED ON CRACK ENERGY DENSITY

The elasto-plastic finite element analyses for an interface crack indissimilar material,based on the crack energy density(CED)concept,are investigatedin mode Ⅰ loading condition.It is confirmed that the values of CED almost remainstable when the notch radius ρ is sufficiently small,both in elastic and elasto-plasticcase.Numerical results for both elastic and elasto-plastic cases show that under themode Ⅰ loading condition,when the crack propagates to the more stiff material with asmall angle,the total CED will become larger than that along the interface.If thecrack heads into the more compliant material,the CED will become less than that alongthe interface.     

结构裂纹故障振动检测的小波分析

针对结构微小缺陷振动无损检测中难以提取含故障信息信号的难点,以含有预制裂纹的微型汽车驱动桥试件为研究对象,探索了一种采用小波分析和现代谱估计技术,提取结构受瞬态激励作用下,反映裂纹信息的微小弹性波的实验室裂纹识别方法. 试验结果表明,该方法能够较为有效地提高结构微小缺陷振动检测的信号精度.     

STEADY-STATE RESPONSE OF A TIMOSHENKO BEAM ON AN ELASTIC HALF-SPACE UNDER A MOVING LOAD

By introducing the equivalent stiffness of an elastic half-space interacting with a Timoshenko beam, the displacement solution of the beam resting on an elastic half-space subjected to a moving load is presented. Based on the relative relation of wave velocities of the half-space and the beam, four cases with the combination of different parameters of the half-space and the beam, the system of soft beam and hard half-space, the system of sub-soft beam and hard half-space, the system of sub-hard beam and soft half-space, and the system of hard beam and soft half-space are considered. The critical velocities of the moving load are studied using dispersion curves. It is found that critical velocities of the moving load on the Timoshenko beam depend on the relative relation of wave velocities of the half-space and the beam. The Rayleigh wave velocity in the half-space is always a critical velocity and the response of the system will be infinite when the load velocity reaches it. For the system of soft beam and hard half-space, wave velocities of the beam are also critical velocities. Besides the shear wave velocity of the beam, there is an additional minimum critical velocity for the system of sub-soft beam and hard half-space. While for systems of (sub-) hard beams and soft half-space, wave velocities of the beam are no longer critical ones. Comparison with the Euler-Bernoulli beam shows that the critical velocities and response of the two types of beams are much different for the system of (sub-) soft beam and hard half-space but are similar to each other for the system of (sub-) hard beam and soft half space. The largest displacement of the beam is almost at the location of the load and the displacement along the beam is almost symmetrical if the load velocity is smaller than the minimum critical velocity (the shear wave velocity of the beam for the system of soft beam and hard half-space). The largest displacement of the beam shifts behind the load and the asymmetry of the displacement along the beam increases with the increase of the load velocity due to the damping and wave radiation. The displacement of the beam at the front of the load is very small if the load velocity is larger than the largest wave velocity of the beam and the half space. The results of the present study provide attractive theoretical and practical references for the analysis of ground vibration induced by the high-speed train.     

敲击扫描式梁式结构损伤检测方法

受到啄木鸟敲击树干找虫子等敲击现象的启发,论文针对梁式结构提出了一种敲击扫描式损伤检测方法.基于对敲击扫描过程的理论探讨,我们得到了该方法的灵敏度表达式,从而为该方法找到了可靠的理论基础.数值模拟和简单实验表明,该方法不但简单易行,而且在有干扰的环境下也可以有效地检测出结构的损伤.     

非对称混杂边界轴向运动Timoshenko梁橫向振动分析

研究两端带有扭转弹簧且弹簧系数均可任意变化的非对称混杂边界下的轴向运动Timoshenko梁的横向振动.利用非对称混杂边界条件推导对应任意弹簧系数的系统超越方程以及特征函数.运用数值方法计算系统的固有频率及其相应的模态函数,并研究确定梁的刚度、轴向速度以及边界处扭转弹簧的刚度的影响.通过数值算例,比较7imoshenko梁、瑞利梁、剪切梁和欧拉梁的固有频率随轴向速度的变化,分析转动惯量和剪切变形的影响.     

CRACK IDENTIFICATION IN STEPPED CANTILEVER BEAM COMBINING WAVELET ANALYSIS WITH TRANSFORM MATRIX

This paper illustrates the crack identification method combining wavelet analysis with transform matrix. Firstly, the fundamental vibration mode was applied to wavelet analysis. The crack location was found by the peaks of the wavelet coefficients. Secondly, based on the identified crack locations, a simple transform matrix method requiring only the first two tested natural frequencies was used to further identify the crack depth. The present method can be used for crack identification in a complex structure. Numerical results of crack identification of a stepped cantilever beam show that the suggested method is feasible.     

疲劳裂纹塑性闭合特性的数值分析方法

塑性诱导裂纹闭合是导致裂纹闭合发生的主要机理之一.利用弹塑性有限元法模拟含中心裂纹矩形板试件的疲劳裂纹扩展,并确定疲劳裂纹张开、闭合应力水平.通过计算,考察应力比R、裂纹长度、最大应力强度因子Kmax等对疲劳裂纹张开闭合应力的影响规律.论文阐述了所采用的裂纹扩展模拟方法及确定裂纹张开和闭合应力的原理.采用了等K加载方式,即在裂纹扩展中裂尖应力强度因子的最大值Kmax保持不变(给定R比,最大应力σmax随裂纹长度变化).分析了两种Kmax水平下R比分别为0.3,0,-0.5和-1.0共8种载荷工况.结果表明,对各个载荷工况,用瞬时最大应力σmax正则化的裂纹张开、闭合应力水平σop/σmax和σcl/σmax与裂纹长度无关.等K循环加载比等幅循环加载更有利于分析影响裂纹闭合水平的因素和闭合效应对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响规律,为建立基于裂纹闭合效应的疲劳裂纹扩展规律模型提供了一种新的思路.     

粘弹性Timoshenko梁的变分原理和静动力学行为分析

从线性、各向同性、均匀粘弹性材料的Boltzmann本构定律出发,通过Laplace变换及其反变换,由三维积分型本构关系给出了Timoshenko梁的本构关系,并由此建立了小挠度情况下粘弹性Timoshenko梁的静动力学行为分析的数学模型,一个积分-偏微分方程组的初边值问题.同时,采用卷积,建立了相应的简化Gurtin型变分原理.给出了两个算例,考查了梁的厚度h与梁的长度l之比β对梁的力学行为的影响.     

面内裂纹扩展问题的虚拟裂纹闭合法和离散内聚力模型

论文介绍了处理面内裂纹扩展问题的两种断裂单元,分别为处理线性问题的VCCT哑节点断裂单元和处理非线性问题的DCZM断裂单元.并与有限元软件ABAQUS的断裂单元相对比,以验证其计算准确性和对网格、步长等不敏感性,以及计算效率高等特点.     

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对高架桥吊装中发生的严重事故进行了力学分析，指出事故发生的原因和防止类似事故发生的对应策略．     

黏弹性阻尼作用下轴向运动Timoshenko梁振动特性的研究

黏弹性阻尼一直是轴向运动系统的研究热点之一.以往研究轴向运动系统大都没有考虑黏弹性阻尼的影响.但在工程实际中, 存在黏弹性阻尼的轴向运动体系更为普遍.本文研究了黏弹性阻尼作用下轴向运动Timoshenko梁的振动特性.首先, 采用广义Hamilton原理给出了轴向运动黏弹性Timoshenko梁的动力学方程组和相应的简支边界条件.其次, 应用直接多尺度法得到了轴速和相关参数的对应关系, 给出了前两阶固有频率和衰减系数在黏弹性作用下的近似解析解.最后, 采用微分求积法分析了在有无黏弹性作用下前两阶固有频率和衰减系数随轴速的变化; 给出了前两阶固有频率和衰减系数在黏弹性作用下的近似数值解, 验证了近似解析解的有效性.结果表明: 随着轴速的增大, 梁的固有频率逐渐减小.梁的固有频率和衰减系数随着黏弹性系数的增大而逐渐减小, 其中衰减系数与黏弹性系数成正比关系, 黏弹性系数对第一阶衰减系数和固有频率的影响很小, 对第二阶衰减系数和固有频率的影响较大.      

A NEW APPROACH TO FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF A BEAM WITH A BREATHING CRACK BASED ON MECHANICAL ENERGY BALANCE METHOD

In this paper, a new approach to free vibration analysis of a cracked cantilever beam is proposed. By considering the effect of opening and closing the crack during the beam vibration, it is modeled as a fatigue crack. Also, local stiffness changes at the crack location are considered to be a nonlinear amplitude-dependent function and it is assumed that during one half a cycle, the frequencies and mode shapes of the beam vary continuously with time. In addition, by using the experimental tests, it is shown that the local stiffness at the crack location varies continuously between the two extreme values corresponding to the fully closed and the fully open cases of the crack. Then, by using the mechanical energy balance the dynamic response of the cracked beam is obtained at every time instant. The results show that for a specific crack depth, by approaching the crack location to the fixed end of the beam, more reduction in the fundamental frequency occurs. Furthermore, for a specific crack location, the fundamental frequency diminishes and the nonlinearity of the system increases by increasing the crack depth. In order to validate the results, the variations of the fundamental frequency ratio against the crack location are compared with experimental results.     

饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko梁的大挠度分析

基于微观不可压饱和多孔介质理论和弹性梁的大挠度变形假设,考虑梁剪切变形效应,在梁轴线不可伸长和孔隙流体仅沿轴向扩散的限定下,建立了饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko梁大挠度弯曲变形的非线性数学模型.在此基础上,利用Galerkin截断法,研究了两端可渗透简支饱和多孔Timoshenko梁在突加均布横向载荷作用下的拟静态弯曲,给出了饱和多孔 Timoshenko梁弯曲变形时固相挠度、弯矩和孔隙流体压力等效力偶等随时间的响应.比较了饱和多孔Timoshenko梁非线性大挠度和线性小挠度理论以及饱和多孔 Euler-Bernoulli梁非线性大挠度理论的结果,揭示了他们间的差异,指出当无量纲载荷参数q>l0时,应采用饱和多孔Timoshenko梁或Euler-Bernoulli梁的大挠度数学模型进行分析,特别的,当梁长细比λ<30时,应采用饱和多孔Timoshenko梁大挠度数学模型进行分析.     

基于哈密顿原理的两种材料界面裂纹奇性研究

研究了两种材料组成的弹性体在交界面上含裂纹时的裂纹尖端奇异场。通过变量代换及变分原理，将平面弹性扇形域的方程导向哈密体系，从而可通过分离变量及共轭辛本征函数展开法解析法求解扇形域方程，得到求解双材料界面裂纹尖点奇性的一般表达式，由此为该类问题的求解开辟了一条新途径。     

含内埋裂纹的板条瞬态响应分析

利用线弹簧模型求解了阶跃载荷作用下含内埋裂纹的无限长板条问题,对采用基于线弹簧模型的解析方法求解三维裂纹动态问题作了有益的探索.定性解释了动态线弹簧采用静态线弹簧本构关系的可行性,通过积分变换方法,导出了描述内埋裂纹板条动态问题的Cauchy型奇异积分方程.进行了数值计算,对模型应用的合理性作了理论解释,并对内埋裂纹板条瞬态响应的影响因素作了细致的分析.     

裂纹尖端附近三维效应区的有限元分析

基于Kane-Mindlin关于弹性平板面内问题位移的运动学假设,本文首次推导了一种考虑板厚效应的平板面内问题的有限元格式。将Kane-Mindl.n假设推广到弹塑性问题,推导了相应的有限元方程.对双边及中心裂纹拉伸试件的计算结果表明,裂纹尖端附近的弹性三维效应区尺寸和板厚相当.对线性硬化弹塑性材料,当切线模量E_t和弹性模量E之比E_t/E大于0.2时,三维效应区在两倍板厚以内.     

疲劳裂纹扩展分析的随机方法

本文介绍了近年发展起来的疲劳裂纹扩展分析的随机方法,即疲劳裂纹扩展随机模型建立方法和疲劳裂纹扩展统计分析方法。这一分析方法为金属构件疲劳裂纹扩展寿命及可靠性研究提供了有力的工具。      

基于初始抗弯刚度识别的梁结构损伤定位

应变模态变化率指标在服役梁结构的损伤定位方面已有应用,但现有研究大多忽视了梁上的初始局部抗弯刚度具有离散性的情况,因此难以区分真实损伤和初始离散性造成的局部刚度变化,对于实际梁结构的应用效果不佳. 先提出了一种通过求解线性方程组来得到梁上各区间真实初始抗弯刚度的方法,然后采用应变模态变化率指标来进行损伤定位. 研究结果表明,该方法可以处理梁上初始局部抗弯刚度具有离散性的情况,实现准确的损伤定位.     

分布式光纤裂缝检测的有限元分析及试验

对分布式光纤裂缝检测技术中光纤-混凝土复合体的微观力学行为进行了分析. 考虑了涂覆-护套、护套-混凝土双界面的状态非线性,混凝土采用双线性各向同性强化模型以消减局部应力集中,避免护套-混凝土之间的过度穿透. 采用试验确定的接触对力学参数,用ANSYS进行了数值模拟,得到了光纤-混凝土复合体的微观应力分布及光纤的曲率分布. 定量分析了缝宽与弯曲损耗的关系,计算结果与试验结果符合较好,从理论上验证了光纤布置方式、护套厚度对传感灵敏度和动态范围的影响,为分布式光纤裂缝检测技术提供了修正的微观力学分析理论和方法.      

结构损伤诊断的改进灵敏度方法

提出一种改进的灵敏度方法用于工程结构损伤检测中.通过在迭代算法中引入一个“加速”公式来迅速获得足够精确的识别结果,避免了多次迭代,可以大大减少计算花费.用文献[8]和文献[10]中的两个数值算例对所提方法进行了验证,并把结果和原文中的计算结果进行比较.结果表明:采用改进的方法一般只需经过一次计算即可获得精度更高的识别结果,避免了多次迭代,显著减少了计算花费,显示了改进方法突出的优越性.