超分子树枝聚合物的起源与发展

超分子树枝聚合物起源于聚合物链结构的2个重要进化(树枝链和超分子),是通过建筑模块在芯、支化单元或表面的分子自组装(非共价键连接)生成的树枝聚合物,具有独特的结构特征和新颖的物理、化学等功能。超分子树枝聚合物的进一步自组织可形成液晶态或柱状体等有序结构。超分子树枝聚合物可分为氢键型、金属配位型、π-π堆叠型、离子型、拓扑型(含轮烷和索烃结构)、混合型(含2种或2种以上不同非共价键)等类型。本文综述各种类型超分子树枝聚合物的合成、结构、聚集态和应用。     

组装合成超分子液晶聚合物动态功能材料

从电荷转移相互作用。离子相互作用及氢键组装三个方面综述了通过分子自组装合成超分子液晶聚合物近年来的最新研究成果。总结 阴谋家类体系作为动态功能材料在器件化及应用方面所取得的重要进展，并展望了这一领域今后的发展方向。     

原位可控构筑多层次超分子手性聚合物组装体

多层次超分子手性结构的高效可控构筑是手性材料研究和应用领域的一个关键问题,面临诸多挑战。近来,苏州大学张伟教授团队基于偶氮苯聚合物的疏溶剂性和液晶性提出了一种原位可控制备多层次超分子手性聚合物组装体的策略—聚合诱导手性自组装,在偶氮苯单体聚合的同时实现多层次和不同尺度的超分子自组装和手性传递。该策略克服了传统高分子溶液自组装繁琐耗时的缺点,易于结构调控和规模制备。     

基于横向分子间氢键的棒-线型分子自组装研究进展

棒-线(Rod-Coil)型分子的合成及其自组装行为研究是当前超分子材料研究领域的重要研究方向. 与传统的柔性(Coil-Coil)型嵌段聚合物和Rod-Coil型嵌段聚合物相比, Rod-Coil型分子表现出不同的相行为、自组织特性和微结构, 可以自组装形成多种纳米结构. 研究结果显示, 横向分子间氢键是Rod-Coil型分子自组装形成液晶相和(或)有机凝胶等自组装体的主要驱动力. 主要介绍目前文献报道的横向分子间氢键驱动下的Rod-Coil型分子自组装.     

樟脑酸桥连一维链状钴配位聚合物{Co（phen）（H2O）[C8H14（COO）2]）n·（CH3OH）n的水热合成和晶体结构

近年来,由有机羧酸分子与金属离子通过配位键经自组装而构筑的配位聚合物,得到了突飞猛进的发展。由于这类聚合物不仅具有复杂多样的拓扑结构。而且在许多领域如材料、药物、分子电化学、分子识别和分子器件等方面的研究和开发中也表现出潜在的应用价值。所以,设计和组装具有一维、二维和三维有序结构的配位聚合物已成为超分子化学研究中最活跃的领域之一。     

樟脑酸桥连一维链状钴配位聚合物{Co(phen)(H2O)[C8H14(COO)2]}n·(CH3OH)n的水热合成和晶体结构

近年来,由有机羧酸分子与金属离子通过配位键经自组装而构筑的配位聚合物,得到了突飞猛进的发展.由于这类聚合物不仅具有复杂多样的拓扑结构,而且在许多领域如材料、药物、分子电化学、分子识别和分子器件等方面的研究和开发中也表现出潜在的应用价值.所以,设计和组装具有一维、二维和三维有序结构的配位聚合物已成为超分子化学研究中最活跃的领域之一 [1～5].     

含甲氧基偶氮苯液晶基元超分子的相行为研究

氢键是分子聚集和识别过程中的重要相互作用,利用分子间氢键,可设计并制备各种超分子体系材料,1989年,Kato等报道了吡啶基和羧酸基通过分子间氢键相互作用形成扩展液晶基元,得到了液晶稳定性增强的超分子液晶复合体系及侧链超分子液晶聚合物;同时,Lehn等报道了带脲嘧啶基和2,6-二酰胺吡啶基两种互补官能团的分子通过三重氢键缔合形成的主链超分子液晶。从此,迅速而广泛的开展利用氢键组装的超分子液晶体系的研究,并已组装合成出低分子型、     

多肽基超分子螺旋聚合物

超分子螺旋聚合物结合了超分子聚合物制备方法简便、结构及性能可调控等优势,相比于人工合成的共价型螺旋聚合物更接近自然界螺旋生物大分子,因而在手性探针、不对称催化以及手性识别和分离等领域具有广泛的应用前景。结合多肽的手性优势、丰富的二次有序构象及其出色的自组装行为,以多肽作为结构基元经超分子组装制备具有螺旋构象的聚合物,不仅丰富了手性/螺旋聚合物的制备途径,同时为多肽材料的功能化应用提供新的广阔前景。本文综述了多肽基元之间经超分子作用诱导形成的超分子螺旋聚合物,总结了双亲性多肽以及多肽拓扑结构对超分子组装过程的影响及其对形成螺旋结构的控制,重点归纳了由多肽构筑的光、温度、pH、金属离子和酶等不同类型智能响应性的超分子螺旋聚合物。     

六元瓜环与配位聚合物[Cd(H2O)3 Cl(4-PCA)]的超分子自组装及光催化性能

本文用水热法合成得到一个六元瓜环(Q[6])与一氯三水(4-吡啶甲酸)合镉(Ⅱ)配位聚合物自组装作用形成的超分子自组装体Q[6]·[Cd(H_2O)_3Cl(4-PCA)]_2·22(H_2O)。自组装体的形成源于瓜环的外壁作用,即Q[6]正电性静电势外壁与配位聚合物中4-吡啶甲酸吡啶环和配位Cl~-离子间的超分子相互作用,以及配位聚合物镉(Ⅱ)离子上配位水分子与瓜环端口羰基氧原子间的氢键作用。该自组装体对溶液中染料具有吸附作用和光催化降解的性能。     

聚肽胶束的超分子反应:聚合、环化及活性生长

聚合物自组装是制备纳米材料的有效途径.自组装纳米材料在药物载体、高性能材料、生物结构模型等领域具有重要的应用价值.近年来,在聚合物分子自组装研究的基础上,研究者们发展了聚合物纳米粒子的自组装研究,并取得了很大进步.聚合物纳米粒子的组装一般可称为超分子反应.以聚肽胶束为组装基元的超分子反应研究得到了很多关注,取得了一系列进展.本文以本课题组的工作为主,总结归纳了近年来在聚肽胶束自组装(超分子反应)研究方面的进展,主要包括超分子聚合、环化和活性生长.文中着重强调了理论模拟在探究胶束超分子反应中的作用.最后,本文展望了该研究领域的发展方向,并指出所面临的机遇和挑战.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.