Effect of Cu in electroless Ni–Cu–P coating on passivation process

Electroless Ni–P and Ni–Cu–P coatings were passivated by chromate conversion treatment respectively. The anticorrosive performances of passivated coatings were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The passivated Ni–Cu–P coating exhibited a high corrosion resistance with the i_corr of 0.236 μA/cm,² while the value of passivated Ni–P coating was only 1.030 μA/cm,² indicating the passive film could improve the corrosion resistance of Ni–Cu–P coating to a significant extent. High‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical states of elements detected in the passive film. Compared with passivated Ni–P coating, the passive film on Ni–Cu–P coating exhibited a higher ratio of Cr₂O₃ to Cr(OH)₃ with the value of 72:28, which was the main factor for passivated Ni–Cu–P coating showing excellent corrosion resistance. The effect of Cu in electroless Ni–Cu–P coating on passivation process was discussed by the contrast experiment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surface analysis and corrosion resistance of new nickel base thin film alloys

Electroless Zn–Ni–P thin films were deposited on low carbon steel from an alkaline non‐cyanide aqueous electrolyte. The newly developed ternary alloys structure and microstructure investigations were carried out via X‐ray diffraction and SEM. Chemical composition of the coatings was investigated via energy dispersive spectroscopy. Polarization tests were used to study the corrosion properties of the coatings in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The results confirmed the high corrosion resistance of Zn–Ni–P alloy plated steel sheet. The surface analysis of the thin film samples before and after corrosion was performed by XPS. The incorporation of Zn in Ni–P thin film is proven for all initial samples to be as a mixture of zinc and zinc oxide, while nickel exists in +2 and +3 oxidized states. A passive film of a mixture of oxide and hydroxide of zinc and nickel forms on the surface and prevents the Zn–Ni–P thin films from corrosion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多晶Fe60Ni40合金阳极钝化膜的XPS研究

过渡金属Fe、Ni或其合金由于它们具有磁性和在工业上被用作催化剂等，它们与氧化腐蚀性气体02、C12等的作用已被广泛研究［‘－3］．含Ni的不锈钢和含Ni50％的FeNi基合金在酸性溶液中表现出比铁更好的耐腐蚀性并增强了氧化钝化层的附着力，放它们在溶液的腐蚀与钝性研究已引起广泛的兴趣，甚至包括对F6Ni基非晶合全玻璃的腐蚀与钝性研究【4一刊，用不同的方法研究溶液状态下的自然氧化膜或阳极钝化膜，得出的结果不同，对腐蚀与钝性解释也很不一致，硼酸一础砂或磷酸一磷酸盐缓冲液在工业上被广泛用作清洗剂、缓蚀剂或成膜剂等·因此，…     

Bioactivity and mechanical properties of nickel‐incorporated hydrogenated carbon nanocomposite thin films

In this paper, the influence of nickel incorporation on the mechanical properties and the in vitro bioactivity of hydrogenated carbon thin films were investigated in detail. Amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a‐C:H) and nickel‐incorporated hydrogenated carbon (Ni/a‐C:H) thin films were deposited onto the Si substrates by using reactive biased target ion beam deposition technique. The films' chemical composition, surface roughness, microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated by using XPS, AFM, TEM, nanoindentation and nanoscratch test, respectively. XPS results have shown that the film surface is mainly composed of nickel, nickel oxide and nickel hydroxide, whereas at the core is nickel carbide (Ni₃C) only. The presence of Ni₃C has increased the sp² carbon content and as a result, the mechanical hardness of the film was decreased. However, Ni/a‐C:H films shows very low friction coefficient with higher scratch‐resistance behavior than that of pure a‐C:H film. In addition, in vitro bioactivity study has confirmed that it is possible to grow dense bone‐like apatite layer on Ni/a‐C:H films. Thus, the results have indicated the suitability of the films for bone‐related implant coating applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The electrocatalytic behavior of electrodeposited Ni–Mo–P alloy films towards ethanol electrooxidation

Ternary Ni–Mo–P thin films have been electrodeposited from citrate‐based electrolyte onto graphite substrates for application as anode catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation. The operating deposition parameters were optimized to produce Ni–Mo–P alloy films of outstanding catalytic activity. The phase structure of the deposits was evaluated employing X‐ray diffraction technique. Morphology and chemical composition of the deposited alloy films were studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, respectively. The results demonstrated that the rate of Ni–Mo–P deposition increases with increasing the ammonium molybdate concentration in the plating electrolyte up to 10 g l^?1. Also, the amount of Mo in the deposits increases with increasing the ammonium molybdate concentration up to 7.5 g l^?1, and the maximum Mo content in the film was 9.1 at.%. The catalytic activity of Ni–Mo–P/C alloy films has been evaluated towards electrooxidation of ethanol in 1.0 M NaOH solution by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The catalytic performance of the prepared anodes as a function of the amount of Mo was studied. The results showed an increase in the oxidation peak current density of ethanol with increasing the Mo at.% in the deposited alloy films. Additionally, Ni–Mo–P/C electrodes displayed significantly improved catalytic activity and stability towards electrooxidation of ethanol compared with that of Ni–P/C electrode. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电沉积Ni—Mo—P合金镀层在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀特性

用失重法，阳极率曲线，Ｘ－光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）以及俄歇电子能谱（ＡＥＳ）研究了电沉积Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ－Ｐ合金镀层在５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的腐蚀特性，非晶态Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ－Ｐ合金镀层比晶态Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ－Ｐ合金镀层有较低的腐蚀速度阳极极化曲线表明，Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ－Ｐ合金镀层中，镍的摩尔分数国０．７１９～０．８６８时，随镀层中磷含量的增加，腐蚀电位正移，而活化区的峰电流随镀层中钼含量的增加而增加，磷含量的活化区的峰电流以及     

非晶态镍磷—镍钨磷双层组合镀层的耐蚀性能研究

本文对比研究了镍磷镀层、镍钨磷镀层及非晶态镍磷和镍钨磷双层组合镀层的耐蚀性能，分别进行了各种镀层的浸渍腐蚀实验，镀层的Ｘ射线衍射图象、镀层的扫描电镜图象、以及在工厂实际的腐蚀环境里进行的腐蚀实验。实验结果表明镍磷及镍钨磷双层组合镀层的耐 性优于镍磷镀层、镍钨磷镀层的耐蚀性。     

Electronic Properties of Passive Films Formed on G3 and G30 Nickel-based Alloys in Bicarbonate/Carbonate Buffer Solution

The electronic properties of passive films formed on G3 and G30 alloys in bicarbonate/carbonate buffer solution were comparatively studied by electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS) and Mott-Schottky analysis, the chemical composition of the passive film formed on G3 alloy was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that passive film on G3 alloy had better protection than that on G30 alloy. The transfer resistance, film resistance and diffusion resistance of the passive films on ...     

Growth and characterization of ultrathin carbon films on electrodeposited Cu and Ni

Ultrathin carbon films were grown on different types of metallic substrates. Free‐standing foils of Cu and Ni were prepared by electroforming, and a pure Ni film was obtained by galvanic displacement on a Si wafer. Commercial foil of Ni 99.95% was used as a reference substrate. Carbon films were grown on these substrates by chemical vapour deposition in a CH₄‐H₂ atmosphere. Obtained films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. The XPS at grazing collection angle was used to determine the thickness of carbon films. Depending on the deposition parameters, the films of graphene or graphite were obtained on the different substrates. The uniformity of graphene and its distribution over the sample area were investigated from Raman data, optical images, and XPS chemical maps. The presence of graphene or graphite in the films was determined from the Raman spectra and Auger peak of C KVV. For this purpose, the D parameter, which is a fingerprint of carbon allotropes, was determined from C KVV spectra acquired by using X‐rays and electron beam. A formation of an intermediate layer of metal hydroxide was revealed in the samples with graphene overlayer.     

非晶Fe40Ni40P14B6合金阳极钝化膜的电子能谱研究

应用表面分析技术XPS和AES（包括深度分布）分析了非晶Fe40Ni40P14B6合金在H3BO3－Na2B4O7（pH＝9．20）缓冲溶液中不同钝化势或不同钝化时间形成的阳极钝化膜的元素化学状态、结构和化学组成，探讨了加入Ⅲ、Ⅴ族B、P对非晶FeNi基合金钝化成膜的影响，并给出了阳极钝性成膜的一种机制．     

非晶Fe40Ni40P14B6合金阳极钝化膜的电子能谱研究

应用表面分析技术ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ（包括深度分布）分析了非晶Ｆｅ４０Ｎｉ４０Ｐ１４Ｂ６合金在Ｈ３ＢＯ３－Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７（ＰＨ＝９．２０）缓冲溶液中不同钝化时间形成的阳极钝化膜的元素化学状态、结构和化学组成，探讨了加入Ⅲ、Ｖ族Ｂ、Ｐ对非晶ＦｅＮｉ基合金钝化金钝化成膜的影响，并给出了阳极钝性成膜的一种机制。     

Corrosion behavior of electroless Ni–P/TiO2 nanocomposite coatings

Composite Ni–P/nano‐TiO₂ coatings were prepared by simultaneous electroless deposition of Ni–P and nano‐TiO₂ on a low carbon steel substrate. The deposition was carried out from stirred solutions containing suspended nano‐TiO₂ particles. The Ni–P and Ni–P/nano‐TiO₂ coatings before and after heat treatment were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The micro‐structural morphologies of the coatings significantly varied with the nano‐TiO₂ content. The corrosion resistance of as‐plated and heat‐treated Ni–P and Ni–P/nano‐TiO₂ coatings was investigated by anodic polarization, Tafel plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) studies in 3.5% NaCl solution. Ni–P/nano‐TiO₂ coating exhibited superior corrosion resistance over Ni–P coating. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The influence of Cu on the electrochemical behaviour of 304 stainless steel in 0.1M H3PO4 solution

The effect of different Cu addition on the electrochemical and passivation behaviour of the 304 series stainless steel in 0.1 M phosphoric acid solution was evaluated by the potentiodynamic measurements and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS). The effect of Cu on chemical composition of the passive film formed in the solution was also studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that Cu did not appreciably improve the corrosion resistance of the passive film, but enhanced the passivation, lowered the critical and passive current density. The passive and critical current density decreased with Cu content increased. The presence of Cu in the passive film affects passive film stability. Cu can modify the proportion of Cr element in the passive film, and also change the components of Fe in the passive film. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Passive and transpassive films formed on a nickel alloy in ammoniacal solution

The surface of alloy 625 (Ni‐22Cr‐9Mo) was characterized with XPS and AES depth profiling after exposure to mildly alkaline ammoniacal solution at open circuit and after potentiostatic treatments at various potentials. It was determined that the passive surface film was a Cr and Mo oxide that was depleted in Ni with respect to the bulk alloy. Increased solution temperatures or oxygen concentrations decreased the Ni to Cr ratio in the passive film. The alloy's transpassive film was characterized using SEM and EDX as well as XPS. The transpassive film was heavily depleted in Ni and Cr and consisted mainly of an oxide of Fe. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

XPS study of impurities in Si‐doped AlN film

This paper reports an XPS study of impurities in a 100‐nm‐thick AlN film grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) under low pressure on the n‐type 6H‐SiC substrate. The Si‐doped AlN film was characterized by the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in a high vacuum system, which reveals the content distribution and chemical states of impurities along depth. The XPS analysis of AlN film before and after argon‐ion etching indicates that there always exist Ga, O and C contaminations in AlN film. Especially, O contamination on the AlN film surface is mostly introduced during the growth of AlN layer by MOCVD. Meanwhile, most of O atoms bind with Al or Ga in Al―O and Ga―O chemical states. In particular, the Ga atoms in AlN film are always in two chemical states, i.e. Ga―Ga bond and Ga―O bond, which demonstrates that the aggregation of Ga is accompanying with AlN growth. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

STRUCTRE AND PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE Ni/HARD CARBON FILMS PREPARED BY PLASMA DEPOSITION

IntroductionHardcarbonfilmsprcparcdb}'vari0usplasmaprocesscsareofc0nsidcrablcinterestbccauscofthcirunusualmcchanical-opticalandelcctricalpropertiesll~3l.Rccently,ithasReceive(IJl111c5,l9`)5;,.`,1iis()tI1ie)\tioII,1'ceil'edJtl1)'l4,l995*'I11isprojectiss[1pportcdh}tl1cNatiol1a1Nat[lntlScicl1ccI`()ul1dati()l1ofCl1il1aal1dtl1eI,aboraton'ofSolidI,ubricati()l1,l.al1/l10ulnstitutcofCl1cn1icalPh\'sics,111cChincscAcadcl11\'ofScicnccs.benfoundthattheinc0rporati0nofmetaIintocarbonfilmscangrcatl}'…     

半导体硅上电沉积Ni-Pd-P薄膜及其结构

采用控电位的沉积方式在半导体硅上制备出ＮｉＰｄＰ薄膜,结果表明镀液中Ｈ３ＰＯ３含量的增加对Ｐ、Ｎｉ的析出有促进作用,对Ｐｄ的析出有抑制作用．随ｐＨ值的升高,镍含量不断升高,Ｐｄ、Ｐ含量不断下降．Ｐ含量对薄膜内应力有很大影响,含Ｐ质量分数为１４９％的ＮｉＰｄＰ镀层表面上有许多裂缝,当Ｐ含量增加到２６１％时,镀层表面的裂缝已基本消失,继续增加Ｐ含量到３５０％时,裂缝完全消失．ＮｉＰｄＰ镀层的结构与其组成密切相关,Ｐ含量小于２００％的ＮｉＰｄＰ镀层形成的是面心立方结构的固溶体．Ｐ含量大于４００％的薄膜为非晶态结构．     

Effects of bias voltage on structure and properties of TiAl‐doped a‐C:H films prepared by magnetron sputtering

Hydrogenated TiAl‐doped a‐C:H films were deposited on Si substrates by middle frequency magnetron sputtering TiAl target in argon and methane gas mixture atmosphere. Effects of substrate bias voltage on structure and properties of the films, such as the surface morphology, hardness, chemical nature and bond types, were investigated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), XPS, Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation. The friction and wear behaviors of the deposited films were characterized on an UMT‐2MT tribometer. SEM was utilized to analyze the wear scar on steel balls and debris after sliding on the deposited films under dry friction conditions. The results demonstrated that the film deposited at ? 100 V exhibited low friction coefficient which is attributed to the easier formation of graphitized transfer layer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and performance of electroless Ni–P–TiCN composite coatings on Al substrate

Electroless Ni–P and Ni–P–TiCN composite coatings have been deposited successfully on Al substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) techniques were applied to study the surface morphology and the chemical composition of the deposited films. Moreover, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) proved that Ni–P and Ni–P–TiCN deposits have amorphous structures. The properties of Ni–P–TiCN/Al composite films such as hardness, corrosion resistance and electrocatalytic activity were examined and compared with that of Ni–P/Al film. The results of hardness measurements reveal that the presence of TiCN particles with Ni–P matrix improves its hardness. Additionally, the performance against corrosion was examined using Tafel lines and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques in both of 0.6 M NaCl and a mixture of 0.5 M H₂SO₄ with 2 ppm HF solutions. The results indicate that the incorporation of high dispersed TiCN particles into Ni–P matrix led to a positive shift of the corrosion potential and an increase in the corrosion resistance for all aluminum substrates after their coating with Ni–P–TiCN. In addition, Ni–P–TiCN/Al electrodes showed a higher electrochemical catalytic activity and stability toward methanol oxidation in 0.5 M NaOH solution compared with that of Ni–P/Al. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inter‐laboratory comparison: Quantitative surface analysis of thin Fe‐Ni alloy films

An international interlaboratory comparison of the measurement capabilities of four National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and one Designated Institute (DI) in the determination of the chemical composition of thin Fe‐Ni alloy films was conducted via a key comparison (K‐67) of the Surface Analysis Working Group of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance. This comparison was made using XPS (four laboratories) and AES (one laboratory) measurements. The uncertainty budget of the measured chemical composition of a thin alloy film was dominated by the uncertainty of the certified composition of a reference specimen which had been determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using the isotope dilution method. Pilot study P‐98 showed that the quantification using relative sensitivity factors (RSFs) of Fe and Ni derived from an alloy reference sample results in much more accurate result in comparison to an approach using RSFs derived from pure Fe and Ni films. The individual expanded uncertainties of the participants in the K‐67 comparison were found to be between 2.88 and 3.40 atomic %. The uncertainty of the key comparison reference value (KCRV) calculated from individual standard deviations and a coverage factor (k) of 2 was 1.23 atomic %. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.