显微拉曼技术在公安法学中的应用

室温环境下，利用显微拉曼技术对衣领上的泥土水印，镰刀上的痕迹物，枪击后的残留物进行了测试和分析，得到了痕迹物质的拉曼散射谱。通过对拉曼谱的分析，对这些物质给予了认证，同时研究结果表明：显微拉曼技术能够对极其微量的物质，在短时间内给出拉曼散射信息，预示着这一技术在公安法学研究领域有着重要应用意义。     

致幻药物-甲基安非他明拉曼散射的研究

在室温环境下，首次利用显微拉曼散射技术测得致幻药物－甲基安非他明的拉曼散射谱。研究分析了甲基安非他明分子的拉曼散射谱，对分子中的主要振动模式进行了识别。在优化条件下，得到甲基安非他明最小检测量为１０－１２ｇ左右。研究结果还表明：显微拉曼光谱技术对于研究微量药物，具有检测灵敏度高、时间短、样品非破坏性等特点。     

痕迹走私海洛因显微拉曼测试分析

利用显微拉曼技术对手指沾有微量毒品--走私海洛因做了测试分析，在可见光514.5nm激发下，低浓度的走私海洛因具有很强的荧光，通过对样品表面的分析，得到了高质量的海洛因拉曼散射谱。研究表明选取样品表面合适测试点和控制激光功率对减小走私海洛因拉曼散射谱的荧光有明显的作用。     

致幻药物—甲基安非他明拉曼散射的研究

在室温环境下，首次利用显微拉曼散射测得致幻药物－甲基安非他明的拉曼散射谱，研究分析了甲基安非他明分子的拉曼散射谱，对分子中的主要振动模式进行了识别。在优化条件下，得到甲基安非他明最小检测量为１０＾－１２ｇ左右。研究结果还表明：显微拉曼光谱对于研究微量药物，具有检测灵敏度高，时间短，样品非破坏性等特点。     

青霉素类药物拉曼散射的研究

利用显微拉曼技术对三种常见青霉素类药物做了测试和分析，得到拉曼散射谱。发现不同类青霉素的拉曼谱线有明显区别，可以用以鉴别药物。文章还给出了青霉素药物的特征峰以利区别。     

活体植物中β-胡萝卜素分子的二级拉曼散射谱

利用显微拉曼光谱技术对从法国梧桐树新鲜采集得到的树叶做了测试分析，在可见光514.5nm激发下，不对样品做任何提纯，直接得到了树叶中β－胡萝卜素分子的一级和二级拉曼光谱。根据对β－胡萝卜素分子拉曼散射位于2000－3100cm^-1之间和2000cm^-1以下谱线的仔细分析对比，得到了二级拉曼谱和一级谱的倍频、和频关系。实验研究表明，控制样品表面的激光强度和信号积分时间，不破坏活体树叶中的分子结构和构象，这为研究植物在不同的环境生长状况提供一种实时实地测量技术。此外讨论了用共焦显微拉曼研究活体植物的优点及限制。     

光散射研究的新动向──第13届国际拉曼光谱会议简介

第13届国际拉曼光谱会议于1992年8月30日至9月5日在德国维尔兹堡大学举行.680篇论文分属拉曼理论、共振拉曼谱、时间分辨拉曼散射、非线性拉曼谱、生物系统、表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)、超导、半导体微结构、低维与非晶固体、工业与医学应用、新拉曼技术等19个专题.我国共有10名学者出席会议,发表论文32篇.通过与各国学者交流,可以看出当前光散射研究的几个新动向.1.显微拉曼的应用日益广泛 利用显微拉曼不仅可以研究半导体和光纤中的应力分布与微结构,而且还可以对核污染后核粒子的演变过程进行分析.国际光散射委员会主席 R.J.H.Clark教…     

麻黄素和左旋咪唑显微拉曼测试分析

在可见光激发下，利用显微拉曼技术得到了黄素和左旋旋咪唑的拉曼谱，并将它们的拉曼谱和甲基安非地明做了对比分析，麻黄素和甲基安非他明同属单取代苯，其分子结构十分相似，由于取代基的成分不同一样，因而拉曼谱中一些峰的相对强度和位置发生了变化。左旋咪唑由于取代基上为咪唑亚塞唑，其拉曼谱中主要谱线位置和强度明显不同于麻醉黄素和甲基安非他明。实验结果表明，利用显微拉曼技术在短时间内，对致幻药物进行准确快速的检测分析，将这一技术应用于运动比赛中，有助于对参赛人员服用违禁药物的检测和分析。     

"冰毒"拉曼散射振动模式的研究

利用显微拉曼技术对致幻药物－“冰毒”做了测试分析研究。在激发光５１４．５ｎｍ和室温环境下,得到了“冰毒”分子的拉曼散射谱。根据两种分子同属单取代苯类,具有Ｃｙ２ｖ对称性,对安非他明和甲基安非他明分子的拉曼振动模式进行了识别。只出现在甲基安非他明拉曼谱中的２４５９ｃｍ＾－１谱线,是其他毒品分子拉曼谱中都湍有的,我们认为极可能是Ｃ－Ｎ＾＋－Ｃ之间的伸缩振动。     

拉曼光谱对新石器时期白石斧的研究

本文采用显微拉曼光谱技术 ,对云南省永仁县菜园子出土的新石器时期白石斧的表面和截面进行了测试研究 ,结合矿物拉曼谱确定了石斧白色和黑色物质的成分。通过对白石斧截面拉曼谱的分析 ,得出了石斧拉曼主峰 (46 2cm- 1 )的强度随深度变化情况的散点图 ,实验结果发现 ,石斧表面的腐蚀层厚约为 40 0 μm。石斧截面拉曼谱给出了与石斧埋葬年代和周围环境有关的信息     

感耦等离子体发射光谱/质谱分析新型陶瓷材料研究进展

新型陶瓷材料在信息、航空航天、生命科学等现代科学技术各个领域中发挥了极其重要的作用.微量、痕量杂质对材料的光、电等性能影响巨大.因此微量、痕量杂质含量的精确测定对材料制备和性能调控至关重要.文章综述了近10年来等离子体发射光谱/质谱(ICP-AES/MS)在新型陶瓷材料的微、痕量杂质分析方面的应用.结合作者的研究工作,着重介绍和评论了等离子体发射光谱/质谱各种进样方法的优缺点,并展望其发展趋势.     

SERS detection of red organic dyes in Ag‐agar gel

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy has been widely employed in the last few years for the study of artworks, allowing for the characterization of a high class of pictorial materials. However, the detection of organic dyes by conventional Raman spectroscopy is quite difficult, due to the high fluorescence provided by these compounds. Recently, remarkable improvements have been achieved by the introduction of the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique for the analysis of organic dyes. In the present work, a new method is presented, based on the use of a SERS probe made of agar‐agar coupled with silver nanoparticles, for a non‐destructive and minimally invasive micro‐extraction of dyes from textiles. Ag‐agar gel has been tested first on textile mock‐ups dyed with alizarin, purpurin and carminic acid. SERS measurements have been performed adopting laser light excitations at 514.5 and 785 nm of a micro‐Raman setup. Highly structured SERS band intensities have been obtained. After having verified the safety of the method by colorimetric, X‐ray fluorescence and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared techniques, a real case, a pre‐Columbian piece of textile, have been investigated by Ag‐agar gel. This cutting‐edge method offers new possibilities for a sensitive and non‐destructive analysis of fluorescent materials. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Investigation of some Chinese jade artifacts (5000 BC to 771 BC) by confocal laser micro‐Raman spectroscopy and other techniques

The study on material properties of ancient stone or jade artifacts is essential to trace the trade routes of raw materials, the tools used to making them, and moreover the social function of the artifacts. In present research, we focused on 23 intact samples that were made of versatile rocks. These samples dated from 5000 bc to 771 bc were unearthed from the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins in China. Based on the analytical results of confocal laser micro‐Raman spectroscopy, 14 minerals consisted of these rocks such as muscovite, antigorite, calcite, quartz, diopside, turquoise, corundum, and sillimanite were identified. The obtained scientific information about their primary material properties helps us to better understand their social functions and technologically related issues. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental variation in the spatial deposition of trace metals in feathers revealed using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence

Feathers can be used to investigate exposure to pollution in birds because they are a secondary route for the excretion of trace elements. Evidence based on analytical imaging and spectroscopy suggests that the spatial distribution of the essential trace element zinc within feathers is related to melanin pigmentation. However, our understanding of how trace elements are deposited into growing feathers is poor and has been hampered by a lack of analytical tools to examine the localization of trace elements within a feather. Here, synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to map zinc directly within the barb and barbules of lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) feathers grown after experimental increases in dietary zinc. The results showed distinct spatial variation in zinc within barbs and barbules, with higher levels observed in the latter. Furthermore, increases in dietary zinc were found to increase the relative levels of zinc throughout the barbules from the base to the tip of the feather. Finally, analysis of feather cross sections revealed that regions of the feather barb and barbules with higher melanosome density also contained higher levels of zinc. These results provide a more detailed understanding of zinc and melanosome arrangement within the feather barb and barbules. Moreover, these results provide further support for the use of feathers as a noninvasive tool to study exposure to trace elements and highlight the utility of X-ray spectroscopy in studies investigating impacts of a rapidly changing environment on wild bird health.     

Could marine aerosol contribute to deteriorate building materials from interior areas of lighthouses? An answer from the analytical chemistry point of view

In this work, a multianalytical methodology based on a combination of spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and micro energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and soluble salt analysis by means of ion chromatography followed by a correlation analysis of these data was applied, in order to identify the nature of the deterioration compounds present in different building materials located on inner rooms from the ground floor of the Igueldo lighthouse (San Sebastian, Basque Country, North of Spain), and in order to prove if marine aerosol could contribute to cause deterioration processes in this kind of materials. The main deterioration compounds identified were sulfate and nitrate salts. Taking into consideration the positioning of some materials, a gypsum plaster covering them could be the sulfate source responsible of the crystallisation process of a wide variety of sulfate salts. Nevertheless, in some areas were no gypsum plaster remains are present, ammonium sulfate crystallisations were identified. The presence of this kind of sulfate could suggest a possible sulfate input coming from the migration of ammonium sulfate (among other sulfate salts) carried on marine aerosol, which can be deposited on the facade of the lighthouse and migrate to its inner areas. The possible source of nitrates that could cause the crystallisation of a wide variety of nitrate salts identified in this work could be the infiltration of ammonium nitrates coming from seagull droppings from outdoor to indoor areas. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

开平碉楼灰雕和壁画颜料碎片原材料的拉曼光谱分析

本文采用显微激光拉曼光谱分析了开平碉楼灰雕和壁画黄色颜料碎片的原材料组成,通过分析发现:灰雕的主要成分是稻草杆(作为骨架材料),石灰(CaCO3),沙(石英SiO2)以及黄色颜料类胡萝卜素.壁画黄色颜料碎片的成分则是针铁矿(α-FeOOH)和CaSO4.这也说明开平碉楼在选材上,即使是在同一栋楼内,相同颜色的颜料使用的...     

利用PIXE和ICP-AES 对蛇纹石原料及中国古代蛇纹石玉器的微量元素分析

以蛇纹石这一中国传统的玉材为对象,旨在通过微量元素含量分析来探索古代蛇纹石玉器原料的可能来源。采用无损的外束质子激发X射线荧光技术(PIXE)对来自中国几个典型矿区的蛇纹石样品主量元素和微量元素进行了分析。同时也采用有损的电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱技术(ICP-AES)对这些蛇纹石样品的微量元素含量进行了比较分析。结果表明,两种分析方法所获取的蛇纹石微量元素含量趋势具有一致性,说明PIXE无损分析技术可以应用于蛇纹石的微量元素分析研究。讨论了蛇纹石的微量元素含量与地质成因之间的关系,这些蛇纹石的微量元素含量存在明显的差异,这种差异可以用来区分不同地质成因的蛇纹石。Ⅰ型地质成因的蛇纹石中微量元素中Ni含量较低,且几乎不含Cr和Co,而Ⅱ型地质成因的蛇纹石中则含有较高微量元素的Cr,Co和Ni。采用PIXE技术分析了来自浙江、江苏、河南、安徽和湖北等省出土的新石器时代至战国时期(4585 BC—221 BC)14个遗址或墓葬出土的18件蛇纹石玉器的化学成分,通过与两种地质成因类型蛇纹石的微量元素比较分析,初步推测了这些蛇纹石玉器原料的可能来源。以蛇纹石微量元素含量与地质成因类型之间的关系来探索古代蛇纹石玉器玉料可能的来源是一种有益的尝试。     

Raman microscopy of prehistoric paintings in French megalithic monuments

Remains of pictorial decorations in a series of six representative megalithic monuments of Brittany (France) and two French stelae have been studied by micro‐Raman spectroscopy for the first time. Fungal colonies on the painted orthostats made it difficult to obtain in situ Raman spectra of the paint components. Nevertheless, paint micro‐specimens studied in the laboratory by micro‐Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy combined with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy have made possible to characterise the materials present. The minerals α‐quartz, albite, microcline, muscovite, phlogopite, celadonite, beryl and anatase have been identified in the granitic rocks supporting the paintings, while dolomite and calcite are dominant in the calcareous rocky substrata. Haematite is the main component of the red pictographs, whereas amorphous carbon and manganese oxides/oxihydroxides have been used in the black ones. Calcite, gypsum and amorphous carbon have been detected as additional components of the paint in some cases. Contamination with modern tracing materials (polystyrene and ε‐copper‐phthalocyanine blue) has been detected in several cases. The presence of pigments as decorative elements in megalithic monuments of Western France and its possible relation with those of the Iberian Peninsula create interesting expectations for the knowledge of the European megalithic culture. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

激光光热光谱痕量微化学分析方法研究

本文从理论和实验上对那些适合于小体积样品分析的激光光热光谱分析方法进行比较，探讨采用激光光热光谱法进行痕量微化学分析的可行性。