甜杏仁中微量元素的光谱测定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定了甜杏仁中锰、铁、锌、铜、钴、镁、钠、钾、铅、铬和镍的含量,并用加标回收检验了测定方法的可靠性。结果发现:杏仁中金属元素的回收率在95.00%—108.26%之间;测定的甜杏仁金属元素的含量依次为Na、K、Mg、Zn、Fe、Ni、Mn、Cu、Co、Pb、Cr,其中,甜杏仁中人体必需的微量元素Na、K、Mg、Zn、Fe含量较高。重金属Pb、Cr含量较少。     

《发光学报》征稿内容

本刊征集关于无机、有机和生物体系的发光、激光、非线性光学现象及相关的光物理和光化学过程方面的研究论文。具体内容包括:1 溶液、体材料、薄膜、异质结、量子阱、超晶格、超微粒。2 发光中心、缺陷、深能级、表面、界面。3 激发态及其运动: 激子、相干现象、非线性、输运、上转换、发光动力学、集体现象、过热发光、无辐射过程及不平衡声子效应、分形、能量传递。4 显示、显像、电致发光、发光二极管、低压荧光器件、X光存储器件、光谱烧孔、半导体激光、传感器、太阳能电池。5 有关的极端技术: 高温、低温、超短脉冲(ps,fs)。6 有关的…     

中学物理教学应渗透现代物理知识

一、渗透的必要性和可能性 当前,自然科学的发展速度比以往任何时候都快,物理学这门古老的学科也迅速的向纵深、向边缘、向前沿全方位发展。一方面,物理学正高速向其它学科渗透,形成众多的新分支学科和边缘学科。如晶体物理、表面物理、凝聚态物理、粒子物理、生物物理,医学物理、海洋物理、空间物理、地球物理、天体物理、低温物理、音乐物理、光子学、光电子学,等离子体物理学、光谱学、断裂力学、地震力学、建筑声学等。另一方面,物理学还正在各技术应用科学中迅猛发展。如核技术、激光脉冲技术、射流技术、表面处理技术、微电子技术、新能源新材料技术、航空航天技术、谱线分折技术、数控、遥控通讯技术、红外技术、环境保护技术、生物工程技术等等。 与此同时,电视、电脑、电冰箱、电子游戏机、BP机、大哥大、微波炉等大批高新技术产品进入平民百姓家庭;B超、CT扫描、核磁共振仪、激光计数器、光导纤维、程控电话、电子计算机、电子显微镜、射电望远镜、激光排印等各式仪器、各种技术的普遍使用,使生活在20世纪90年代的人们比以往任何时期更能享受     

赣南柿子中钙、镁、铁、铜、锰和锌的测定

测定赣南柿子中钙、镁、铁、铜、锰、锌的含量,为进一步开发提供科学依据.采用微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定赣南柿子中微量元素Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn的含量.赣南柿子中Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn的含量分别为2097.286、587.481、214.762、909.297、17.159、28.658μg·g-...     

《光子学报》简介

该刊是中国光学学会主办并编辑、科学出版社出版的学术月刊。主要刊登光子学及其相关学科的学术论文、研究简报、研究快报。内容涉及光学，尤其是瞬态光学、光电子学、光物理、光化学、光生物学、光医学、光通信、光传感、光计算、光神经网络、集成光学、信息光学、导波光学、非线性光学、高速摄影、智能光仪、微尺度光子技术、光装置中的电子学、力热声电磁核的光效应与光的力热声电磁核效应、光子功能材料、光子自身相互作用、光子的时空特性与结构、光子的经典与非经典效应等。该刊由中国科学院院士、瞬态光学首席科学家侯沟任主编，光学…     

ICP-AES法测定中药中多种元素

生物体内的微量元素具有含量低、功能作用大的特点,微量元素与人体的免疫、内分泌、生长发育和神经系统的功能等密切相关。其中铜、锌、铁、钴、锰、镍、铬、钼、钒、碘、氟、锡和硅是人体内14种必须的微量元素。近年来对中药中微量元素与疗     

矿石、矿物、岩石和土壤的光谱定量分析

介绍使用一个统一的摄谱条件,同时测定矿石、矿物、岩石和土壤中的 Ag、Al、As、B、Ba、Be、Bi、Ca、Cd、Ce、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ga、Ge、Hf、In、La、Li、Mg、Mn、Mo、Nb、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Re、Sb、Sc、Si、Sn、Ta、Te、Th、Ti、Tl、V、W、Y、Yb、Zn、Zr 等44个元素的半定量分析方法。选用硫酸锶加碳粉(13 87)为缓冲剂,锶为内     

物理学的性质及物理教学的意义

1客观世界运动的层次客观世界的运动按层次可以分为:物理运动(机械、热、电磁、混沌与分形、量子等)、化学运动(原子、分子、生物小分子、生物大分子等)、生命运动(生物分子、细胞、器官、生命整体、生物群落等)、宇宙运动(星体、星系、宇宙的形成与演化等)、精神运动(反应、感觉、记忆、理解、认知等)、社会运动(群体、民族、国家、国际交流、社会形态、政治、经济、军事、文     

类铟钡离子辐射光谱的相对论识别

用全相对论多组态自洽场方法,计算了高离化类铟钡离子的1s、2s、2p-、2p、3s、3p-、3p、3d-、3d、4s、4p-、4p、4d-、4d、4f-、4f、5s、5p-、5p、5d-、5d、5f-、5f、5g-、5g、6s、6p-、6p、6d-、6d、6f-、6f、6g-、6g、7s、7p-、7p、7d-、7d、7f-、7f、7g-、7g轨道的3090个精细结构能级和辐射寿命以及各种跃迁参数.波长的计算值和实验值符合得较好.另外还发现了一些辐射寿命较长的亚稳态能级.     

《发光学报》征稿内容

本刊征集关于无机、有机和生物体系的发光、激光、非线性光学现象及相关的光物理和光化学过程方面的研究论文。具体內容包括：1.溶液、体材料、薄膜、异质结、量子阱、超晶格、超微粒。2.发光中心、缺陷、深能级、表面、界面。3.激发态及其运动：激子、相干现象、非线性、输运、上转换、发光动力学、集体现象、过热发光、无辐射过程及不平衡声子效应、分形、能量传递。4。显示、显像、电致发光、发光二极管、低压荧光器件、X光存储器件、光谱烧孔、半导体激光、传感器、太阳能电池。5.有关的极端技术；高温、低温、超短脉冲(ps，fs)。6.有…     

Time domain finite volume method for the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling in an enclosed cavity

A time domain finite volume method（TDFVM）based on wave theory is developed to analyze the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling problems in an enclosed cavity.In the present method,the elastic dynamic equations and acoustic equation in heterogeneous medium are solved in solid domains and fluid domains respectively.The structural-acoustic coupling is implemented according to the continuity condition of the particle velocity along the normal direction and the normal traction equilibrium condition on the interface.Several numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the present TDFVM.Then the effects of water depth on the acoustic and vibration characteristics and the natural characteristics of a structural-acoustic coupling system are analyzed.The numerical results show that the increase of water depth leads to a stronger coupling between the water and structure and the decrease of natural frequencies of coupling system,The computational cost and memory of this method are small and it can be applicable to structural-acoustic coupling problems in the heterogeneous fluid.     

Temperature Sensitivity Control and Mechanical Stress Effect of Boron-Doped Long-Period Fiber Gratings

We will present in this work the quantitative analysis of the relationship between the doping concentrations of GeO 2 and B 2 O 3 in the core and cladding regions and the temperature sensitivity of the resonance wavelength shift in long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs). Based on this analysis, the temperature sensitivity was suppressed and enhanced to 0.002 nm/°C and 0.28 nm/°C, respectively. We will also discuss the effect of the residual mechanical stress on the optical and mechanical properties of LPFGs. In particular, we will present the measurement results of the dependence of the refractive index change and mechanical strength on the residual mechanical stress in the boron-doped fibers with depressed clad and matched clad.     

2D-Mueller-matrix tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks of biological tissues histological sections

A new technique of Mueller-matrix mapping of the birefringent structure of biological preparations of human organs tissues is suggested. The algorithms of reconstruction of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of the phase (birefringence) and amplitude (dichroism) of optically anisotropic structure of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall histological section are proposed. The magnitudes and ranges of changes in the statistical moments of the 1st-4th order that characterize the distribution of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of birefringence and dichroism of the myocardium and connective tissue of the vaginal tissues histological sections were determined. Joint studies of distributions of the characteristics of phase and amplitude of the anisotropy of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall tissues of different states were performed. The cases of various necrotic changes in the myocardium and pathological conditions of the vagina wall (prolapse of the genitals) are examined. Balanced accuracy of the method of Mueller-matrix polarization-phase and diffuse tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks in the differentiation of necrotic and pathological changes in human organs is determined.     

不同比例有机无机肥配施土壤腐殖质组分的光谱学特征

以16年长期定位试验为基础,探讨不同比例有机无机肥配施对土壤腐殖质特征的影响.通过分离纯化腐殖质中的胡敏酸(H A)和富里酸(FA)组分,并利用元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振研究分析了F1(70％ 化肥+30％ 有机肥)、F2(50％ 有机肥+50％ 化肥)和F3(100％ 有机肥)三种施肥方式下的HA和FA含量及结构变...     

Sono-electrolysis performance based on indirect continuous sonication and membraneless alkaline electrolysis: Experiment,modelling and analysis

In the present study, experiments of membraneless alkaline sono-electrolysis are combined to a mathematical model describing the performance of a sono-electrolyzer based on the electrochemical resistances and overpotentials (activation, Ohmic and concentration) and the oscillation of the acoustic cavitation bubble, and its related sono-physical and sonochemical effects, as a single unit and within population. The study aims to elucidate the mechanism of action of acoustic cavitation when coupled to alkaline electrolysis, using a membraneless H-cell configuration and indirect continuous sonication (40 kHz, 60 W_e). The calorimetric characterization constituted the bridge between experimental results and the numerical and simulation approach, while the quantification of the rate of produced hydrogen both experimentally and numerically highlighted the absence of the contribution of sonochemistry, and explained the role of ultrasounds by the action of shockwaves and microjets. Finally, the energetic sono-physical approach allowed an estimation of the predominance of the shockwaves and microjets effects according to the bubble size distribution within the population corresponding to the acoustic conditions of the study. The resulting macroscopic effect in sono-electrolysis process has been assessed considering the induced degassing. A reduction in the fraction of electrodes’ coverage by bubbles from 76% to 42% has been recorded, corresponding to a decrease of 7.2% in Ohmic resistance and 62.35% in bubble resistance.     

Spectroscopic and nano-molecular modeling investigation on the binary and ternary bindings of colchicine and lomefloxacin to Human serum albumin with the viewpoint of multi-drug therapy

Combination of several drugs is often necessary especially during long-term therapy. The competitive binding drugs can cause a decrease in the amount of drug bound to protein and increase the biological active fraction of the drug. The aim of this study is to analyze the interactions of Lomefloxacin (LMF) and Colchicine (COL) with human serum albumin (HSA) and to evaluate the mechanism of simultaneous binding of LMF and COL to protein. Fluorescence analysis was used to estimate the effect of drugs on the protein fluorescence and to define the binding and quenching properties of drugs-HSA complexes. The binding sites for LMF and COL were identified in tertiary structure of HSA with the use of spectrofluorescence analysis. The analysis of fluorescence quenching of HSA in the binary and ternary systems show that LMF does not affect the complex formed between COL and HSA. On the contrary, COL decreases the interaction between LMF and HSA. The results of synchronous fluorescence, resonance light scattering and circular dichroism spectra of binary and ternary systems show that binding of LMF and COL to HSA can induce micro-environmental and conformational changes in HSA. The simultaneous presence of LMF and COL in binding to HSA should be taken into account in the multi-drug therapy, and necessity of using a monitoring therapy owning to the possible increase of the uncontrolled toxic effects. Molecular modeling of the possible binding sites of LMF and COL in binary and ternary systems to HSA confirms the spectroscopic results.     

景德镇仿龙泉青瓷与龙泉青瓷组成特征研究

龙泉青瓷不仅受到了国内外陶瓷爱好者的热捧,还被不同地区广大窑工争相效仿,其中以景德镇明清时期仿制最具代表性。利用能量色散X荧光光谱分析仪对38 件宋、元、明时期的龙泉青瓷以及明代景德镇仿龙泉青瓷进行了测试,并结合烧成温度分析结果,从时空角度对比分析了两地青瓷胎釉组成特征、演变规律和形成原因,有助于了解我国南方青釉瓷的演变发展、相互交流和影响,为不同产地青瓷的断源断代提供了一定的科学依据。     

基于高光谱技术的酸奶中常见致病菌的快速鉴别及计数

酸奶是一种发酵型乳制品饮料,因其特殊的功能性和良好的口感而广受欢迎。但由于商业链的不正当运行,如奶源非法获取、灭菌不充分等原因,导致酸奶中致病菌大量滋生,酸奶中毒事件频繁发生。酸奶中常见的致病菌主要有大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌,这三种致病菌由人体摄入并达到一定的数量时会产生腹痛、腹泻等严重的消化道疾病,并且会破坏人体肠道内的正常菌群平衡,因此国标对奶制品中这三种致病菌的数量已有明确的限量规定。由于酸奶的主要消费对象为老人和小孩,故其潜在危害不容小觑。传统菌落检测方法虽具有简单,灵敏、可操作性强等优点,但当不同菌落混杂在一起时无法同时进行定性定量的检测,且具有试剂成本高,检测周期长,人为因素影响较大等缺点。因此开发一种快速、简单、准确的混合鉴定计数方法为避免致病菌对酸奶的潜在危害提供了有效的途径。高光谱技术同时包含样本的光谱信息与图像信息,既能够根据化学组分的微小变化进行精确识别（光谱信息）,又能够反映出菌株在外部多层次的变化（图像信息）。因此该研究尝试对比高光谱图像技术和光谱技术,采用模式识别的方法,对比不同的模型识别结果,优选出最佳识别率的识别模型作为计数模型,最后通过最佳鉴别计数模型的识别分类结果来达到对酸奶中常见致病菌鉴定计数的目的。首先,购买酸奶中常见的乳酸菌种（保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌）和潜在污染的致病菌种（金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌）等标准菌株进行培养,提取经过48 h培养后的菌落图像信息和光谱信息。采用几种不同的预处理方式（SNV,MC,MSC,1stDER,2ndDER）对所提取的光谱数据进行预处理,并应用遗传算法筛除光谱数据中冗余的波段,保留有效波段。利用图像处理技术对图像信息中的菌株与培养基背景进行去除,然后采用主成分分析法从每幅图中优选出3个特征波长,并运用图像处理技术从特征波长所对应图像中提取菌株的18个基于GLCM的纹理特征信息。挑选合适的主成分分别建立不同的鉴别模型（LDA,KNN,BP-ANN,LS-SVM）,通过其最终的鉴别模型的识别率来确定最佳鉴别计数模型。最后从标准菌株中分别挑选出30株进行计数测试,通过比较模式识别的分类数量结果与菌株的实际数量来验证模式识别效果的准确率。研究表明,运用SNV预处理后光谱数据在提高信噪比效果上明显优于其他几种预处理方式。745.790 8,773.098 4和779.207 0 nm为图像信息中方差贡献率最大的三个波长,运用从特征波长所对应的图像中所提取的纹理特征信息建立图像识别模型。通过对比图像信息和光谱信息的模式识别结果发现,光谱特征鉴别模型普遍优于图像纹理特征鉴别模型,且当主成分数为9时,运用光谱特征所建立的LS-SVM模型的校正集识别率为96.25%,预测集的识别率为91.88%,为最优模型。采用优选的最优模型对菌株进行识别计数,大肠杆菌计数的相对误差为3.33%,金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌计数的相对误差均为0,验证了高光谱技术应用于酸奶中常见致病菌的鉴别计数的可行性。     

Influences of Quantum and Disorder Effects on Solitons Excited in Protein Molecules in Improved Model

Utilizing the improved model with quasi-coherent two-quantum state and new Hamiltonian containing an additional interaction term [Phys. Rev. E62 (2000) 6989 and Euro. Phys. J. B19 (2001) 297] we study numerically the influences of the quantum and disorder effects including distortion of the sequences of masses of amino acid molecules and fluctuations of force constant of molecular chains, and of exciton-phonon coupled constants and of the dipole-dipole interaction constant and of the ground state energy on the properties of the solitons transported the bio-energy in the protein molecules by Runge-Kutta method. The results obtained show that the new soliton is robust against these structure disorders, especially for stronger disorders in the sequence of masses spring constants and coupling constants, except for quite larger fluctuations of the ground state energy and dipole-dipole interaction constant. This means that the new soliton in the improved model is very stable in normal cases and is possibly a carrier of bio-energy transport in the protein molecules.     

地塞米松磷酸钠和倍他米松磷酸钠两种差向异构体的FTIR,FT-Raman和SERS光谱研究

检测了地塞米松磷酸钠和倍他米松磷酸钠两种差向异构体的红外光谱(FTIR), 固体和饱和溶液的常规拉曼光谱(NRS)及以银胶为基底的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)。通过红外和拉曼光谱的结合,对其各基团的振动模式进行解析,并对峰进行归属和比较。结果表明：两种物质的主要区别是地塞米松磷酸钠的CH₃非对称伸缩振动和对称面内变形振动的拉曼位移较大;依据SERS作用机理和规律,推测两种物质在银胶上主要是通过P—O键、羧基和五元环与银胶垂直吸附。建立了两种差向异构体基于银纳米粒子的吸附模式,实现了对两种物质进行快速鉴别与区分的方法,为进一步研究肾上腺皮质激素类药物提供了十分重要的信息和可靠的参考。