Preparation of nanodiamonds by laser irradiation of graphite

Graphite powders were irradiated by pulsed laser at room temperature and normal pressure and then boiled in perchloric acid. Samples were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron diffraction pattern (EDP), X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, and Raman spectroscopy. The analyses on the HRTEM images, EDP, and XRD show that the diamond particles with a size of about 5 nm are obtained. The shifting and broadening of the diamond peak in Raman spectrum indicate that there are high defect density and residual internal stress in synthetic diamond.     

Control of Beam Halo-Chaos by Soliton

The Kapchinsky-Vladimirsky beam through an alternating-gradient quadrupole magnetic field is studied using the particle-core model. The beam halo-chaos is found, and the soliton controller is proposed based on the mechanism of halo formation and strategy of controlling halo-chaos. We perform a multiparticle simulation to control the halo by soliton controller, and find that the halo-chaos and its regeneration can be eliminated. It is shown that our control method is effective.     

Improvement of Properties of p-GaN by Mg Delta Doping

The Mg-delta-doped GaN structure has been grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapour deposition.The Hall-effect measurements reveal that the electrical properties are enhanced. The hole concentration is enhanced twice and hole mobility is enhanced three times by Mg-delta doping. Both the etch pit density data and the x-ray diffraction data demonstrate that Mg-delta doping can reduce the threading dislocation density of p-type GaN epilayer.     

Measurement of Threshold Pressure Gradient of Microchannels by Static Method

The development of oil fields and laboratory experiment present the threshold pressure gradient （TPG） of liquid flow in low permeability porous media, which is called the micro-size effect in porous media. Some micro-size effects in micro-electro-mechanism systems （MEMS） are not always in agreement with each other. We propose an experiment setup to measure the TPG of microchannels by static method in the microchannels with the diameter ranging from 20-320μm. The results present the existence of TPG in microchannel, and show an effect that the TPG of microchannel increases with decreasing hydrodynamic diameter. The relation between TPG and diameter is in agreement with single-log normalization. Additionally, the influence of errors in the experiment shows the data of experiment are valid. Finally, the mechanism of micro-size effects is discussed by revealing the facial force between liquid and solid and theory of boundary liquid, but the explanation is still not good, and needs further study.     

Preparation of Entangled States of Three Particles by Adiabatic Passage

We propose a novel technique for the creation of entangled states of three particles,based upon an adiabatic passage induced by a suitably crafted time-dependent external field.We derive the corresponding adiabatic and bare conditions for the preparation of entangled states.We obtain the time evolutions of the energy of the system and the populations involving the initial state and target entangled state.     

Investigation of LiFeAs by means of “break-junction” technique

In our tunneling investigation using Andreev superconductor-normal metal-superconductor contacts on LiFeAs single crystals we observed two reproducible independent subharmonic gap structures at dynamic conductance characteristics. From these results, we can derive the energy of the large superconducting gap ??_L = (2.5?C3.4) meV and the small gap ??_S = (0.9?C1) meV at T = 4.2 K for the T _C ^local ?? (10.5?C14) K (the contact area critical temperature which deviation causes the variation of ??_L). The BCS-ratio is found to be 2??_L/k _B T _C = 4.6?C5.6, whereas 2??_S/k _B T _C ? 3.52 results from induced superconductivity in the bands with the small gap.     

Study of Vacuum Structure by Low-Lying Eigenmodes of Overlap-Dirac Operator

APE smearing and overlap-Dirac operator are combined to filter vacuum configurations. The structures of vacuum are studied by low-lying eigenmodes of the overlap-Dirac operator, which exhibits that instanton liquid model can be used.     

Enhancement of Stability of Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes by Post Annealing

We investigate the effect of thermal annealing before and after cathode deposition on the stability of polymer light-emitting diodes （PLEDs） based on green fluorescent polyfluorene derivative. The annealed PLEDs exhibit improved charge transport and red-shift emission compared to the as-fabricated device. The stability of the PLEDs is largely enhanced by post-annealing before and after Ca deposition, which is attributed to the enhanced charge transport and the intimate contact between the cathode and the emissive layer.     

Preparation of enamel coating by laser irradiation

Enamel coatings is produced on steel substrates using CW CO_2 laser irradiation from the same raw material as used for industrial enamel coating. The formed coating fairly well join to the substrate and has a bumpy glossy surface. Its microstructure is uniform and glassy with a liitle of small pores. It contains less Na and K than the initial composition. Fe element has been transfered into the coating, the content is high in the interface zone and low in the main body. This distribution may be at a time establish the good chemical stability of coating and its strong adhension to substrate. The present investigation also makes comparison of the laser irradiated coating with the ordinarily enamelled one.     

Modification of Absorption of a Bulk Material by Photonic Crystals

We show theoretically that it is possible to modify absorption of a bulk absorbing material by inserting another non-absorbing dielectric slab periodically to form one-dimensional photonic crystals.It is found that,for frequencies within photonic bandgaps,absorption is always suppressed.For frequencies located at photonic bands,absorption can be suppressed or enhanced,which depends on the relative values of the real refractive index of the absorbing and non-absorbing dielectric layers.     

The changes of holographic characteristics of photopolymer induced by temperature

The changes of holographic characteristics of photopolymer induced by temperature are studied experi-mentally. The results show that the exposure sensitivity increases with the increase of temperature. Themaximum diffraction efficiency and the final maximum diffraction efficiency increase with the increaseof temperature when the temperature is lower than Tg (glass transition temperature), while they decreasewith the increase of temperature when the temperature is higher than Tg. The effect of the change oftemperature on the saturation refractive index modulation is very weak.     

Control of soliton interactions by use of super-Gaussian sliding-frequency filters

We derived the theoretical results of soliton interactions in optical fiber with super-Gaussian sliding- frequency filters.The results demonstrate that the interactions between optical fiber solitons can be effectively suppressed by super-Gaussian sliding-frequency filters.And the results also show that the super-Gaussian filter with sliding is more effective in suppressing soliton interactions than that without sliding.     

Orientation of199mHg by optical pumping detected by γ-radiation anisotropy

^199mHg was produced and mass separated at the ISOLDE facility (CERN). Nuclear orientation achieved by optical pumping via the resonance line 6s ^{2 1} S ₀→6s6p ³ P ₁,λ=2537Å was monitored by means of the anisotropy of theγ-radiation emitted in the cascade^199mHg(I=13/2⁺) $${}^{199m}Hg(I = 13/2^ + )\xrightarrow[{M4}]{}{}^{199*}Hg(I = 5/2^ - )\xrightarrow[{E2}]{}{}^{199}Hg(I = 1/2^ - ).$$ ^199*Hg(I=5/2^?)¹⁹⁹Hg(I=1/2^?). Maximum anisotropies of 35% (2,8%) were found in the M4 (E2) transition. A Zeeman scanning of the³ P ₁ state yielded the positions ofF=13/2 and theF=15/2 hfs components relative to the reference isotope²⁰⁴Hg at 15.13 (15) GHz and ?2.86 (15) GHz respectively. Isotopic shift and the quadrupole interaction constant were deduced from these values using the knownA factor.δv ^199m/2O4=v ^2O4?v ^199m=12.20 (16) GHzB=?0.86 (25) GHz. From theB factor the spectroscopic quadrupolment was calculated asQ _s =1.54 (44) barn.     

Opacity enhanced by the localization of electrons

Plasmas absorbing and scattering photons are often described according to the conception of opacity. The opacity in hot, dense plasmas is crucial in many fields, including astrophysics and controlled nuclear fusion. It is a difficult problem because of many complex mechanisms involving,for instance, excited states, line broadenings, relativistic effects, and two-photon contributions. Studies on opacity.     

Analysis of eccentric photorefraction by Fourier optics

Eccentric photo-refraction usually is used as early eyesight diagnostic test of infants and small children. Unlike currently approved geometrical optical model of eccentric photorefractometer, the crescent formation and the light-intensity distribution in the pupil image of a myopic eye are analyzed by Fourier optics with the assumption of an isotropic scattering retina. In the case of little circular light source and rectangular slit, the simulation results of different myopic diopters are obtained by geometrical optical theory and Fourier optics respectively. It is found that the simulation results by Fourier optics are similar as those obtained by geometrical optics, and all simulations are almost corresponding to the experimental result. The result demonstrates that the new method presented here is feasible.     

Acceleration of Flare Protons by Langmuir Plasmons

We analytically study the turbulent acceleration of solar protons by strong Langmuir plasmons in Cerenkov processes.It is shown that among the wave spectra with self-retained source only the Pelletier spectrum (Wk ∝ k^-7/2) can result in the energy spectrum of non-relativistic protons,which gives a good fit to that observed from solar flare events.It is quite possible that strong Langmuir turbulence presents in coronal active region,with three-dimensional,isotropic and stationary spectrum proportional to k^-7/2,and is responsible for the acceleration of flare protons.     

Fabrication of Compound Lattice by Holographic Lithography

Some compound lattices in photonic crystals with large complete photonic band gaps, such as the diamond structure and the two-dimensional hexagonal compound structure, is desired for fabrication. A novel method for fabrication of compound lattices by holographic lithography is reported. The key point is phase modulation by photoelectrical control and multiple-exposure techniques. This technique introduces many advances: for instance,using the same coherent beams and without changing the position of the sample during multiple-exposure.