超分子体系中的分子识别研究──XXXV.含吡啶基β-环糊精衍生物的合成及其对氨基酸分子的手性识别

通过２-氨基吡啶与β环糊精醛３在甲醇水溶液中反应合成了一种新型含吡啶基β－环糊精衍生物４,并采用荧光光谱滴定法测定了它与几种脂肪氨基酸在磷酸盐缓冲溶液（ｐＨ＝ ７．２, ０． １ｍｏｌ· Ｌ－１）中于 ２５℃时形成超分子配合物的稳定常数．化学计量法结果显示,化合物４与氨基酸形成了１：１的超分子配合物．圆二色谱研究表明,在溶液中化合物４的取代基浅包结进入自身环糊精空腔．修饰环糊精中的吡啶基作为一种光谱探针,不仅可以识别氨基酸分子的尺寸或形状,而且还可以识别Ｌ／Ｄ－型手性对映体之间的差异．与单－［６－（１－吡啶基）－６－脱氧］－β－环糊精５相比,化合物４对氨基酸的对映体选择性发生翻转,其中对Ｄ／Ｌ－丝氨酸给出最高的对映体选择性达５．４．从主－客体间几何互补、诱导楔合以及几种弱相互作用力的协同效应,讨论了环糊精衍生物选择性结合氨基酸形成超分子配合物的稳定性．     

偏最小二乘催化极谱法同时测定铂,钯,铑

应用Ｍ２７３Ａ电化学系统中的线性扫描技术，确定了０．７５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４－１．５％ＮＨ４Ｃｌ－２．８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＣＨ２）６Ｎ４－０．００２５％Ｎ２Ｈ４．Ｈ２ＳＯ４为偏最小二乘极谱法同时测定Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、Ｒｈ的最佳极谱体系。Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、Ｒｈ的线性范围为３．２ｍｇ／Ｌ、０－１５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ和０－１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。模拟样品及实际样品的回收率在９０．３－１０７．７％之间。     

1-(2-噻唑偶氮)-2-萘酚螯合物反相高效液相色谱法分离测定铜(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅱ)和镍(Ⅱ)

以１－（２－噻唑偶氮）－２－萘酚（ＴＡＮ）作柱前显色剂，于ＯＤＳ柱上，用内含０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＬｉＣｌ，５×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＴＡＮ和ＨＡｃ－ＮＨ４Ａｃ缓冲溶液（ｐＨ ５．５）的甲醇－水溶液（８０：２０，Ｖ／Ｖ）作流动相，流速为０．６ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ，并以紫外－可见检测器于５９０ｎｍ处进行检测，发展了一种ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ法同时分离测定铜（Ⅱ）、铁（Ⅱ）、镍（Ⅱ）的方法，方法灵敏度高，对于铜、铁、镍的检测限分别为１μｇ／Ｌ， ２ μｇ／Ｌ和 ０．４ μｇ／Ｌ。用于实际样品测定，结果满意。     

增效试剂对过氧化物模拟酶催化显色体系的增效作用——Fe-TPPS_4-4-AAP-苯酚衍生物-H_2O_2体系

本文以β－环糊精（β－ＣＤ）和表面活性剂为增效试剂，分别研究了它们对以Ｆｅ－ｍｅｓｏ－（四（４－磺基苯）卟啉）（Ｆｅ－ＴＰＰＳ４）为催化剂，催化过氧化氢氧化４－氨基安替比林（４－ＡＡＰ）与苯酚衍生物显色反应的速度和灵敏度的影响，发现β－ＣＤ和十二烷基苯磺酸钠（ＳＤＢＳ）对该体系具有明显的增效作用．在３×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌβ－ＣＤ存在下，测定Ｈ２Ｏ２的灵敏度比文献报道的提高了１．５６倍．利用ＳＤＢＳ浓度与催化显色反应初速度的增加值之间的线性关系，建立了测定微量ＳＤＢＳ的方法     

高碘酸钾-酸性品红-NTA-DDMAA体系催化光度法测定良量锰

报道了以氨三乙酸为活化剂，以Ｎ－十二烷基二甲基铵基乙酸（ＤＤＭＡＡ）为增敏剂，高碘酸钾氧化酸性品红催化光度法测定痕量锰的新方法，在ＤＤＭＡＡ存在下，灵敏度提高了７倍（Ｍｎ２＋量为１．２～２．４μｇ／Ｌ）和１４倍（Ｍｎ２＋量为２．４～５．２μｇ／Ｌ），相对标准偏差为２．０％，检出限为１．４×１０－７ｇ／Ｌ，可用于茶叶中锰的测定。     

锡钨杂多酸-耐尔蓝光度法测定纳克量锡

本文报道一个光度法测定纳克量锡的新方法。在聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）存在下锡（Ⅳ）与钨酸盐和耐尔蓝（ＮＢ）反应形成离子缔合物,离子缔合物的最大吸收位于５８０ｎｍ,表观摩尔吸光系数ε值２．９５×１０７Ｌ·ｍｏ１－１·ｃｍ－１,服从比耳定律范围０～２．０μｇ／Ｌ,检出限（３σ）０．０８３μｇ／Ｌ（ｎ＝１０）,对２．０μｇ／Ｌ锡测定的ＲＳＤ为１．４２％（ｎ＝１１）,离子缔合物至少稳定７２ｈ。考察了４０多种共存离子的影响,大多数常见元素不干扰。测定锡的适宜条件［Ｈ２ＳＯ４］＝１．２０ｍｏ１／Ｌ,［ＷＯ２－４］＝６．０５×１０－５ｍｏ１／Ｌ,［ＮＢ］＝５．５×１０－５ｍｏ１／Ｌ和ＰＶＡ０．０８％。本法已用于某些合金钢和锌合金中纳克量锡的测定,结果与推荐值吻合,回收率满意。     

偶合化学发光法测定血清中亚硝酸盐

采用正交试验法建立了Ｌｕｍｉｎｏｌ－ＮＯ－２－Ｋ４［Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６］偶合发光体系测定血清ＮＯ－２的方法。本法测定ＮＯ－２的线性范围为９．０×１０－６～１．０×１０－３μｇ／Ｌ,检出限３．５×１０－６μｇ／Ｌ。对１．０×１０－４μｇ／ＬＮＯ－２连续测定１１次的相对标准偏差为２．３％。用于血清中亚硝酸根的测定,结果满意。     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量苯酚

研究了在硫酸介质中苯酚对Ｉ＾－１催化Ｃｅ＾４＋－Ａｓ（Ⅲ）反应的抑制作用及其动力学条件。建立了用催化动力这光度法测定痕量苯酚的新方法，结果表明，在０．００１ｍｏｌ／ＬＣｅ（ＳＯ４）２，０．００１２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ａｓ２Ｏ３，０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＫＩ，０．０１２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｈ２ＳＯ４和０．１３％（ｗ／ｖ）ＮａＣｌ溶液中测定苯酚，其表面摩尔吸光系数为２．１×１０＾５Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１，线性范围     

双臂套索冠醚双核铜（II）配合物的磁性质研究

测定了双臂套索冠醚双核铜（Ⅱ）配合物［Ｃｕ２Ｌ（ＯＨ）］（ＣｌＯ４）３Ｍｅ２ＣＯ（Ｌ－Ｎ，Ｎ＇－二（８－喹啉甲基）－１，４，１０，１３－四氧－７，１６－二氮环八环）的变温磁化率（４￣３００Ｋ），所加场强为５．０×１０＾５Ａ／ｍ，拟合了变温磁化率数据，得到Ｊ＝－２７９．４ｃｍ＾－２；加上分子场校正后，得Ｊ＝－２５７．７ｃｍ＾－１，Ｚｊ＇＝－３０．１ｃｍ＾－１。拟合结果表明，分子间存在反铁磁性交换作用     

单扫描示波极谱法测定甘草酸

本文报道测定甘草酸的单扫描法波极谱方法，在０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＡｃ－ＨＡｃ（ｐＨ４．１±０．１）缓冲液中，甘草酸还原波峰电位为－１．３８Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ），峰高与其浓度在２．０×１０＾－６～１．０ ×１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内有线性关系，检测限为１．２×１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。甘氨酸，半胱氨酸等不干扰测定。应用本方法测定强力宁注射液中甘草酸含量，结果令人满意。本文还讨论了电极过程机理。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。