大视场曲面复眼光学系统设计

本文通过结构性设计解决了曲面复眼光学系统边缘视场像质难以提高的问题.该光学系统由7个相互独立的子复眼光学系统组成,各子复眼光学系统相互独立,其光线相互交叉.在系统中引入自由曲面透镜,自由曲面透镜相当于棱镜将微透镜阵列光线偏折,使同一子系统的微透镜成像于平的像面上.每个子系统包括一层微透镜阵列,一个自由曲面透镜,一光阑阵列和后续像差校正镜.相比较于传统的复眼系统,该结构对复眼边缘视场的像差校正能力更强,能很大程度地提高边缘视场的像质.该系统的理论视场可达180°,制造精密要求不高且适用性强.本文最后通过光学软件zemax对光学系统进行了模拟验证,证明其可实现性.     

基于ZEMAX软件的重叠复眼的模拟与分析

介绍了重叠复眼及其优点。与并列型复眼相比,重叠复眼有更高的光能量利用率和更高的灵敏度。首次利用ZEMAX软件对重叠复眼进行了实例模拟,通过光线追迹,详细分析了其工作原理,并且将重叠复眼与并列复眼在灵敏度和光能量利用率两方面进行了对比,得到了前者比后者有更高的光能量利用率和灵敏度的结论。     

仿生复眼成像系统设计与制作的研究进展

基于仿生复眼光学成像系统体积小、重量轻、视场大、灵敏度高等优点,对其研究现状和发展前景进行了综述。简要介绍了生物复眼的结构与分类;分别从平面型和曲面型仿生复眼成像系统的设计概述了仿生复眼的研究进展,给出了国内外典型复眼成像系统的结构、模型和成像功能;总结了仿生复眼成像系统应用于不同领域的特点和优势。最后,分析了目前仿生复眼的工艺现状,指出仿生复眼的功能主要受微器件制作工艺的限制,而超精密加工技术是一种革新的、综合的微细加工方法,具有制作更高精度透镜阵列,提高人工仿生复眼应用能力的潜力。     

Design and simulation of concave and planar superposition compound eye

Optical Review - Recently, the interest in miniaturizing imaging systems has been on the rise. Compound eye is a way to reach small-size imaging systems. This paper discusses the design and image...     

仿生复眼视觉系统中全景图拼接算法

模仿昆虫复眼的视觉机理,设计一种仿生球面9复眼视觉系统,并提出一种全景图拼接算法。首先采用抗旋转、抗尺度变化的SIFT图像匹配算法进行特征点的提取与匹配;然后利用稳健的RANSAC算法求出图像间变换矩阵 的初始值,并使用LM非线性迭代算法精炼 ;最后通过改进的加权平滑算法完成多视角图像序列的无缝拼接,得到整个场景的全景图。实验结果表明:全景图的整个拼接过程中复眼视觉系统可以自动地实现对多视角图像序列的无缝拼接,并在多个方向都增大了视场,弥补了传统宽屏幕全景图的不足。     

Design of two-dimensional elliptically cylindrical invisible cloaks with multiple regions

Two-dimensional(2D) elliptically cylindrical invisible cloaks with multiple regions are designed based on the transformation optics and the complementary media theory. Multiple invisible cloak regions can be obtained by properly using the compressed or folded transformation in each space layer. The constitutive parameter tensor expressions for each region have been obtained. The results of full wave simulations by using finite element software confirm the validity of the constitutive parameter tensor expressions. In addition, the parameters are relatively easier to realize.     

Characteristics of a cylindrical magnetron and reactive sputtering of binary compound films

The characteristics of a cylindrical magnetron, such as the dependences of the discharge voltage, chamber pressure, and plasma radiation intensity on the reactive gas flow rate and discharge current, are studied. In this magnetron, titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) films are obtained by reactive magnetron sputtering. The transmission and reflection spectra of the films in the visual range are taken. From the transmission data for the TiO₂ films, their refractive index and absorption factor in the wavelength range 350–800 nm, as well as the porosity, are found by the Valeev method. The variation of the fundamental absorption edge with film thickness is determined with the Urbach formula.     

混合仿生鱼眼-复眼的广角高清成像系统

基于多尺度成像理论,采用混合仿生鱼眼-复眼结构,实现了大视场兼具高分辨率的光学成像系统设计。前级物镜系统为大直径球透镜,收集广角目标光线并成像到与球透镜同心的球面中继像面上;次级目镜系统是关于球透镜中心球对称的小口径透镜组阵列,对中继像进行像差校正并成像到探测器阵列上。对比了物镜采用双层同心球和单个球透镜的成像性能,后者可获得更优的成像性能且避免了双胶合球透镜带来的公差控制及力学与热稳定性问题。整个成像系统的视场大于100°,全视场内角分辨率优于10″,而畸变小于5%;系统具有大景深特点,不需调焦即可同时对300 m到无穷远目标清晰成像,可广泛应用于侦查监控等领域。     

Biomimetic compound eye with a high numerical aperture and anti-reflective nanostructures on curved surfaces

Biomimetic compound eyes with a high numerical aperture on a curved surface were successfully fabricated by intelligent integration of traditional top-down and bottom-up micro- and nanofabrication methods together. In addition, the new hybrid micro- and nanofabrication method allows us to fabricate the antireflective nanostructures on each ommatidium to increase its vision sensitivity by improving the light transmission. The fabricated compound eye was optically characterized and was shown to have a numerical aperture of 0.77 for each ommatidium. Furthermore, it is shown that the transmission of the compound eye can be improved by 2.3% for the wavelength of 632.8 nm and a clearer image can be formed by the fabricated compound eye with antireflective nanostructures compared with that without antireflective nanostructures. In addition, the developed hybrid manufacturing method can be adapted to the fabrication of other complex micro- and nanodevices for photonics or other research areas.     

The sputtering properties of artificial polymorphic AB binary compound crystals

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the sputtering of artificial 1:1 binary compound targets, AB, are reported. The simulations explore the sensitivity of monomer and dimer sputter yields to AB target structure and interatomic potentials. The targets have the sphalerite, wurtzite and sodium chloride lattice structures, and their atomic and material properties resemble those of ZnS polymorphs. Two different sets of interatomic potentials were used for the simulations. In the symmetric model, all bonding interactions are equivalent, while in the asymmetric model, the A-B interactions are strengthened at the expense of the A-A and B-B interactions. Both models predict similar material properties for a given target. No systematic variations of sputter yields for individual targets can be discerned between the predictions based on the symmetric and asymmetric interaction models. The relative sputter yields of monomer species A and B are independent of target structure when the A and B atoms occupy surface sites of equivalent symmetry. The relative yields of the AA and BB dimer species are similarly insensitive to the target structure, but target-dependent variations of the relative yields of AB dimers are observed. Sputtering properties other than relative yields (e.g. clustering range, depth of origin) do show structure-dependent variations. In agreement with previous MD studies of sputtering from metals, the nearest-neighbour contribution to AB clusters is found to be typically ∼50%, and may be as low as 30%.     

Compact and large depth of field image scanner for auto document feeder with compound eye system

We designed a compact and large depth of field image scanner targeted for auto document feeders (ADF) by using a compound eye system design with plural optical units in which the ray paths are folded by a reflective optics. Though we have previously proposed the principle concept, we advance the design using a free-form surface mirror to reduce the F-number for less illumination energy and to shrink its optical track width to 40 mm. We achieved large depth of field (DOF) of 1.2 mm, defined as a range exceeding 30% modulation transfer function (MTF) at 300 dpi, which is about twice as large as a conventional gradient index (GRIN) lens array contact image sensor (CIS). The aperture stop has a rectangular-shaped aperture, where one side length is as large as 4.0mm for collecting much light, and another side length is as small as 1.88mm for avoiding interference of folded ray paths.     

超椭圆柱面梯度线圈设计

超椭圆柱设计表面能够减小线圈与目标的距离,提高空间利用率,扩大成像区域的有效范围.提出利用流函数法及柱面的可展性在超椭圆柱面上设计核磁共振成像系统中的梯度线圈.根据Biot-Savart定律建立磁场强度与流函数的表达式,采用最小二乘法和Tikhonov正则化方法构造了双目标设计函数.利用柱面的可展性提高了基于分片离散流函数计算电磁场的数值精度,通过L-曲线方法实现了正则参数的合理选取.通过引入适当的流函数边界约束条件,把梯度线圈的优化问题转化为适定线性方程组的直接求解问题.通过数值算例验证了超椭圆柱面展开求解方法的正确性.优化结果显示,在满足线性度误差小于5%的设计约束下,该方法在设计超椭圆柱面线圈驱动电流分布的同时有效控制了梯度线圈的能耗.     

圆柱形超高静水压水听器设计与测试

(本文介绍了一种应用于20Hz~20kHz频段、最大工作深度5000米的超高静水压水听器,水听器敏感元件采用厚壁压电陶瓷圆管,高强度复合泡沫去耦,通过对敏感元件及水听器结构进行合理设计,保证水听器具有高的耐压强度。设计了一种圆柱形高静压耦合腔,根据耦合腔声学和力学条件,确定了腔体尺寸及厚度,在国内首次实现了最高50MPa压力下的水听器低频灵敏度测试。测试结果表明,水听器常压下接收灵敏度响应平坦,在常压到50MPa压力范围内,水听器低频接收灵敏度最大变化小于2dB,表明该型水听器具有良好的压力稳定性,可在深海资源勘测、深海通讯等方面获得广泛应用。)     

高功率椭圆形柱面介质透镜天线阵的设计

设计了一种椭圆形柱面透镜天线阵列。为改善天线的辐射性能,考虑到高功率应用中的高压击穿问题,提出在横截面为椭圆形组合矩形的天线罩内填充变压器油的方法,并将三元刀型天线阵列密封其内,形成介质透镜天线阵。利用椭圆的几何聚焦能力和介质的缩波效应,提高天线阵列的主瓣增益,并增加天线阵列的电尺寸。通过调整天线阵列的单元间距,相较于不加透镜的阵列结构,该结构的轴向远场电压峰峰值增加41%,远场辐射波束宽度变窄,前后比也得到改善,且增益提高了4.96 dB,功率容量提高338倍,达9.63 GW。     

高功率椭圆形柱面介质透镜天线阵的设计

设计了一种椭圆形柱面透镜天线阵列。为改善天线的辐射性能,考虑到高功率应用中的高压击穿问题,提出在横截面为椭圆形组合矩形的天线罩内填充变压器油的方法,并将三元刀型天线阵列密封其内,形成介质透镜天线阵。利用椭圆的几何聚焦能力和介质的缩波效应,提高天线阵列的主瓣增益,并增加天线阵列的电尺寸。通过调整天线阵列的单元间距,相较于不加透镜的阵列结构,该结构的轴向远场电压峰峰值增加41%,远场辐射波束宽度变窄,前后比也得到改善,且增益提高了4.96 dB,功率容量提高338倍,达9.63 GW。     

圆筒式电动可调吸声体的设计与试验

可调混响技术在大型剧院式多功能演播厅中设计应用在国内尚属先例。本文介绍的圆筒式电动可调吸声体的技术设计综合了声学、建筑、装修、机械及电气等多方面的要求,文中着重阐述了可调吸声体的声学设计、结构设计及传动设计技术,并对可调吸声体的混响室试验结果作了简要的分析。     

无热化双谱段复合成像光学系统

针对机载小型轻质和宽温度场的使用需求,基于光学被动消热差理论,设计了共孔径共视场分光路可见光和红外双波段无热化成像光学系统。两个谱段共用卡塞格林主光学系统,采用分色片实现双谱段分光。分光后两个谱段采用相互独立的中继透镜组。红外波段通过二次成像,实现双波段冷光阑100%匹配。通过共视场设计提高不同探测波段目标的信息一致性。可见光和红外谱段焦距分别为1750mm和1000mm,工作谱段为0.45~0.9μm、3~5μm,入瞳孔径为250mm,视场角1.1°,光学系统各谱段耐奎斯特频率处调制传递函数接近衍射极限,在宽温度场范围内像质稳定,完全能够满足实际使用需求。     

Design and fabrication of one-dimensional focusing X-ray compound lens with Al material

A method based on Fourier spectrum analysis for predicting the performances of the X-ray compound lenses is briefly introduced,the theoretical result obtained is the same as that of Fresnel-Kirchhoff approach.A kind of technique named moulding is developed for fabricating the one-dimensional (1D) compound X-ray lens with Al material and the fabrication process is presented.In addition,a two-time coating method is used to improve the numerical apertures of the compound lenses.Furthermore,the focusing performance of the Al compound X-ray lens under the high energy X-rays is measured.     

Design of artificial genetic regulatory networks with multiple delayed adaptive responses*

Genetic regulatory networks with adaptive responses are widely studied in biology. Usually, models consisting only of a few nodes have been considered. They present one input receptor for activation and one output node where the adaptive response is computed. In this work, we design genetic regulatory networks with many receptors and many output nodes able to produce delayed adaptive responses. This design is performed by using an evolutionary algorithm of mutations and selections that minimizes an error function defined by the adaptive response in signal shapes. We present several examples of network constructions with a predefined required set of adaptive delayed responses. We show that an output node can have different kinds of responses as a function of the activated receptor. Additionally, complex network structures are presented since processing nodes can be involved in several input-output pathways.     

全息柱面光栅的设计及其在立体显示技术的应用

根据傅里叶全息光学的基本原理与柱面光栅的分光特性,提出了用马赫-曾德尔光路制作柱面光栅的方法,用其实现图像的立体化.全息柱面光栅是全息术与图像立体化技术的有机结合,制作方法简单,具有一定的实用价值.