高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定废水中18种酚类污染物

建立了上清液直接进样-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定废水中18种酚类污染物的分析方法。取5.0 mL水样置于具塞离心管中,加氨水调节pH≥12,摇匀,加入1.0 mL二氯甲烷-正己烷(2: 1, v/v)混合溶液并振摇5 min, 4000 r/min离心5 min,用玻璃针筒抽取上清液并经0.22 μ m聚四氟乙烯滤膜过滤,用甲酸调节水样pH至中性;然后采用Thermo Hypersil ODS柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 5.0 μ m)分离,以甲醇-0.01 mol/L甲酸铵-甲酸水溶液(pH 4.0)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.2 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样10 μ L,电喷雾负离子电离(ESI^-)模式、多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,外标法定量。18种酚类化合物的峰面积与其质量浓度在一定浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系(r²≥0.9991),方法检出限为0.10~0.88 μ g/L。测定低、中、高加标浓度的样品,18种酚类化合物的相对标准偏差为2.5%~9.9%(n=6);火工药剂废水与石油化工废水样品中的平均加标回收率为68.7%~118%(n=3)。此方法操作简单,灵敏度高,干扰小,分析速度快,可适用于环境废水中18种酚类污染物的同时分析。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水中13种有机污染物

以地表水环境质量标准严格控制的特定项目为依据,建立了直接进样-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定水中13种化学性质差异较大的有机污染物的分析方法,这13种有机污染物为乐果、敌敌畏、敌百虫、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、内吸磷、丙烯酰胺、苯胺、联苯胺、甲萘威、微囊藻毒素-LR、阿特拉津。水样经0.22 μm尼龙66滤膜过滤后,采用Kromasil 100-5 C18柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm)分离,以甲醇-0.01%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.5 mL/min,柱温40 ℃,电喷雾正离子模式(ESI⁺)电离,多反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测,外标法定量。13种化合物的浓度与其峰面积在一定浓度范围内均呈现良好的线性关系(r≥0.9995),方法检出限为0.02~0.1 μg/L。测定低、中、高浓度的加标样品,13种化合物的相对标准偏差为0.5%~5.0%(n=6),实际样品加标平均回收率为81.2%~112%。此方法灵敏度高、干扰小、分析速度快,可适用于地表水、地下水中这13种有机污染物的同时分析。     

固相萃取液相色谱串联质谱法检测尿中双酚类和卤代双酚类物质

建立了高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时检测人尿液中4种双酚类和卤代双酚类物质的方法。尿液样品经酶解后,采用PLEXA(亲水亲脂聚合物小柱)固相萃取柱净化,在AtlantisT3柱(150 mm×3.0mm,3μm)上,以乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速250μL/min,串联质谱负离子电喷雾多反应监测模式检测,基质匹配内标法定量分析。结果表明,4种物质平均回收率为86%~118.0%,日内精密度为2.6%~17.0%,日间精密度3.2%~18%,检出限为0.01~0.25μg/L。应用本方法测定200份人尿液样品,双酚A检出率为75%,检出浓度在0.58~50.5μg/L之间。本方法操作简单、灵敏、快速、可靠。     

固相萃取-衍生化-气相色谱质谱法测定水中9种烷基酚类化合物

针对地表水、地下水及饮用水中9种烷基酚类化合物的含量检测，建立了一种适合于气相色谱-质谱分析的衍生化方法。分别对样品预处理的衍生化温度、反应时间、水体样品pH、洗脱溶剂类型及用量进行优化。优化结果表明，烷基酚类化合物的质量浓度在20.0～1 000μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积具有良好的线性关系，线性相关系数均不低于0.999 1，方法检出限为4.49～9.46 ng/L。地表水、地下水及饮用水样品加标回收率为77.6%～98.8%，测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于11.4%(n=7)。该方法适用于地表水、地下水及饮用水中烷基酚类化合物的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱快速测定地表水中甲萘威、微囊藻毒素-LR、溴氰菊酯

基于超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱技术(UPLC-MS/MS),建立了一种经简单过滤即可直接进样测定地表水中甲萘威、微囊藻毒素-LR、溴氰菊酯的分析方法。水样过0.22μm微孔滤膜后，经C18色谱柱(1.8μm, 2.1 mm×50 mm),柱温40℃,流速0.3 mL/min,以甲醇和2 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱；采用电喷雾正离子电离(ESI⁺),多反应监测模式(MRM)检测，外标法定量分析目标物。方法学验证结果表明3种目标物浓度在0.20～50.0μg/L范围线性关系良好，相关系数(R²)>0.9990,方法检出限为0.03～0.08μg/L,目标物平均加标回收率为89.3%～116%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.5%～9.6%(n=6)。所建立方法简便快捷、灵敏准确，适用于地表水中3种有机污染物同时快速测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时快速检测腌腊肉制品中20种非法添加合成色素

采用亚3μm色谱柱建立了同时快速检测腌腊肉制品中20种非法添加合成色素的高效液相色谱法。样品经石油醚脱脂、乙醇-氨水-水(7∶2∶1)提取、钨酸钠溶液沉淀蛋白,采用Agilent Poroshell 120 EC C18(50 mm×4.6 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱以甲醇-0.02 mol/L乙酸铵(p H 5.5)为流动相梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明,待测物可在17 min内实现完全分离。20种成分的质量浓度在0.15~20.0 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数(r)大于0.998,方法的回收率为70.3%~107.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.5%~3.1%,检出限为0.1~0.2 mg/kg。与传统5μm色谱柱ACE C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)相比,本方法节约了62%的分析时间,并能在常规HPLC系统内使用,具有广阔的应用前景。     

橡胶及橡胶制品中4种酚类防霉剂的高效液相色谱法测定

建立了橡胶及其制品中硝基苯酚(PNP)、2,3,5,6-四氯苯酚(TeCP)、五氯苯酚(PCP)、邻苯基苯酚(OPP)4种酚类防腐剂的高效液相色谱测定方法。样品冷冻粉碎后,经甲醇超声提取,在Venusil-XBP C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)上以10 mmol/L醋酸铵和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,采用二极管阵列检测器,PCP、TeCP、OPP的检测波长为220 nm,PNP的检测波长为320 nm。4种酚类防霉剂的质量浓度在0.5~250mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999 4。丁苯橡胶、硅橡胶基体的加标回收实验结果表明:TeCP、PCP、OPP、PNP在不同基质中的平均加标回收率分别为82%~95%、68%~90%、85%~98%、87%~98%,相对标准偏差小于5%。     

液液萃取–气相色谱法测定地表水中硝基氯苯

建立气相色谱法同时测定地表水中3种硝基氯苯同分异构体的方法。用液液萃取法萃取地表水样品中的硝基氯苯,并对影响萃取效率的因素进行了优化。采用甲苯作为萃取溶剂,以DB–1701毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.32mm,0.25μm)进行分离,气相色谱法检测地表水中硝基氯苯的含量。硝基氯苯的质量浓度在0.00~40.0μg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.995,检出限为0.07~0.08μg/L,低于《地表水环境质量标准》限值。加标回收率为85.3%~98.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于2%(n=6)。该方法操作简单,重现性好,准确度好,检测速度快,适用于地表水中硝基氯苯的测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水中13种有机污染物北大核心CSCD

以地表水环境质量标准严格控制的特定项目为依据,建立了直接进样-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定水中13种化学性质差异较大的有机污染物的分析方法,这13种有机污染物为乐果、敌敌畏、敌百虫、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、内吸磷、丙烯酰胺、苯胺、联苯胺、甲萘威、微囊藻毒素-LR、阿特拉津。水样经0.22μm 尼龙66滤膜过滤后,采用 Kromasil 100-5 C18柱（150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm）分离,以甲醇-0.01％甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.5 mL／min,柱温40℃,电喷雾正离子模式（ESI＋）电离,多反应监测模式（MRM）进行检测,外标法定量。13种化合物的浓度与其峰面积在一定浓度范围内均呈现良好的线性关系（ r≥0.9995）,方法检出限为0.02～0.1μg／L。测定低、中、高浓度的加标样品,13种化合物的相对标准偏差为0.5％～5.0％（ n＝6）,实际样品加标平均回收率为81.2％～112％。此方法灵敏度高、干扰小、分析速度快,可适用于地表水、地下水中这13种有机污染物的同时分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定大鼠血浆中阿帕替尼与紫杉醇

建立了同时定量测定大鼠血浆中阿帕替尼和紫杉醇的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法,并应用于药动学研究。血浆样品经固相萃取(SPE)处理。色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液,体积流量0.4 m L/min,柱温40℃,进样量为3μL。质谱采用电喷雾正离子源模式(ESI+),多反应监测模式(MRM)进行定量测定。阿帕替尼和紫杉醇在0.5~1 500μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系(r2≥0.998),最低定量下限(LLOQ)均为0.5μg/L,日内、日间精密度RSD≤8.4%,准确度为92.5%~107.1%,提取回收率为86.2%~95.1%,基质效应(86.6%~108.6%)不影响待测物血药浓度的测定。经方法学验证,该法快速灵敏,可同时对阿帕替尼和紫杉醇进行血药浓度监测,为临床联合用药研究提供了重要的分析手段。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.