基于不同工作电极的亚硝酸盐电化学传感器

亚硝酸盐是环境和生物循环中不可或缺的一部分,但其浓度超标不仅会污染环境,还会致癌。因此对亚硝酸盐实现高效、快速精密检测具有重要的科学和实际意义。基于电化学传感技术的污染物分析与检测已成为研究热点,尤其工作电极的选用和设计对提升响应速度、灵敏度、检测限及降低成本、简化操作等至关重要而备受研究者广泛关注。本文将以玻碳电极、碳糊电极、金属薄膜、聚合物薄膜及碳布电极为分类,针对亚硝酸盐的检测,详细综述基于不同电极的电化学传感器的研究进展。以期通过构建方法和电催化性能的对比为构建新型传感器提供理论与实际指导。     

基于Au/rGO/FeOOH的新型电化学传感器一步检测亚硝酸盐

亚硝酸盐是一种广泛存在的原料,长期食用会对人体健康不利甚至致癌。因此,简单、灵敏的亚硝酸盐检测方法的开发具有非常重要的意义。本文合成了金/还原氧化石墨烯/羟基氧化铁(Au/rGO/FeOOH)复合材料,并通过SEM、 XRD和EDX等测试进行了材料表征。将合成的复合材料滴涂在氧化氟锡(FTO)电极表面,利用它们的协同催化氧化性能,成功构建了一步检测亚硝酸盐(NO₂^-)的新型电化学传感器。在最佳优化实验条件下, 通过差分脉冲伏安法实现NO₂^-的定量检测, 其线性范围为0.001 ~ 5 mmol·L^-1, 检出限为0.8 μmol·L^-1(S/N = 3), 且响应时间小于2 s。同时, 所制备的传感器表现出良好的选择性和重现性, 也能用于实际样品的测定。     

基于MOF修饰的亚硝酸盐电化学传感器的研究进展

简单介绍了亚硝酸盐电化学传感器的基本原理和结构,详细综述了基于MOF材料修饰的亚硝酸盐电化学传感器的研究进展。其中包括原始MOF以及基于碳材料、金属纳米粒子、金属氧化物、蛋白/酶修饰的MOF复合材料等五个方向,阐述了不同类型MOF材料出色的理化性质和传感性能,以及构建亚硝酸盐电化学传感器的检测原理、检出限与实际样品应用等,最后展望并讨论了未来基于MOF材料可构建的亚硝酸盐电化学传感器的研究方向。     

用于抗生素检测的纳米材料基电化学传感器研究进展

近年来,抗生素作为基本的治疗药物在医学、畜牧业、水产养殖业等方面被广泛应用,但其过量使用造成的抗生素残留问题也给生态环境、食品安全和人类健康造成严重的威胁.鉴于此,纳米电化学传感器在抗生素快速检测方面的研究成为热点,也取得了可观的进展.本文首先对抗生素进行了简单介绍,通过分析抗生素的电化学性质,综述了不同结构和类型的纳...     

基于血红蛋白、血红素的亚硝酸盐传感器的构建

构建了包埋于壳聚糖(CS)膜中的血红蛋白(Hb)和血红素(Hemin)的亚硝酸盐传感器并研究了它们在电极表面的电化学活性。在pH 4.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,利用示差脉冲伏安法分别研究CS/Hb-GCE、CS/Hemin-GCE对亚硝酸盐的电化学响应,基于此建立了对亚硝酸盐的电化学测定方法;结果表明,两种电极对亚硝酸盐响应的线性范围分别为0.069~25.86和0.50~16.67mmol/L,检测限分别为0.012和0.25mmol/L,而且对前者具有更低的检测限和更宽的线性范围的可能原因进行了探讨。     

二氧化锆/石墨烯复合材料对亚硝酸盐的电化学传感研究

制备了一种二氧化锆/还原氧化石墨烯(ZrO2NPs/rGO)复合材料修饰电极的亚硝酸盐电化学传感器,并成功用于亚硝酸盐的检测.采用循环伏安法和电流-时间曲线考察了修饰电极的电化学行为.实验结果表明,ZrO2NPs/rGO复合材料修饰电极对亚硝酸盐具有良好的电流响应.在最优实验条件下,电流-时间曲线中的电流响应信号与亚硝酸盐浓度在3.0×10Symbolm@@_7～1.0×10Symbolm@@_6 mol/L和1.0×10Symbolm@@_6～6.0×10Symbolm@@_6 mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为1.0×10Symbolm@@_7 mol/L(S/N 3).该传感器灵敏性高、稳定性和重现性好.使用此传感器检测实际样品香肠中的亚硝酸盐的回收率为93.7％～110.4％,相对标准偏差为1.6％～2.1％.     

石墨烯复合材料电化学免疫传感器在肿瘤标志物检测中的应用

监测肿瘤标志物水平变化是评估肿瘤治疗效果的重要方法.基于石墨烯复合材料构建的电化学免疫传感器可实现对肿瘤标志物的检测,检测灵敏度高、特异性好,是快速、准确分析肿瘤标志物含量的理想检测工具.本文重点阐述了石墨烯复合材料的电化学免疫传感器在肿瘤标志物检测中的应用进展.总结了其在肿瘤标志物检测中应用的优势和不足,最后对基于石...     

电化学脱氧核糖核酸传感器

本文对电化学脱氧核糖核酸（ＤＮＡ）传感器的原理，ＤＮＡ在电极表面的固定化，杂交指示剂的研究和电化学ＤＮＡ传感器的性能、分析应用及电化学石英晶体微天平ＤＮＡ传感器等方面的研究进展作了评述。提出了今后研究工作的方向。     

A MnOOH‐Polyaniline Nanocomposite Modified Gold Electrode for Electrochemical Sensing of Nitrite

A novel non‐enzymatic nitrite sensor was fabricated by immobilizing MnOOH‐PANI nanocomposites on a gold electrode (Au electrode). The morphology and composition of the nanocomposites were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM ) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR ). The electrochemical results showed that the sensor possessed excellent electrocatalytic ability for NO₂⁻ oxidation. The sensor displayed a linear range from 3.0 μmol•L⁻¹ to 76.0 mmol•L⁻¹ with a detection limit of 0.9 μmol•L⁻¹ (S/N = 3), a sensitivity of 132.2 μA •L•mol⁻¹•cm⁻² and a response time of 3 s. Furthermore, the sensor showed good reproducibility and long‐term stability. It is expected that the MnOOH‐PANI nanocomposites could be applied for more active sensors and used in practice for nitrite sensing.     

检测硝基苯的类石墨氮化碳修饰电化学传感器研究

以三聚氰胺为原料,利用热缩聚法制备了类石墨氮化碳(g-C_3N_4),并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱等方法对其进行表征。然后将g-C_3N_4超声分散于Nafion溶液中,将所得悬浊液修饰到玻碳电极上,制备用于检测硝基苯的电化学传感器(g-C_3N_4/Nafion/GCE)。采用循环伏安法、方波伏安法研究了硝基苯在该电极上的电化学行为。在优化实验条件下,硝基苯在该电极上的方波伏安还原峰电流与其浓度在4.0×10~(-6)~6.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.999 8,检出限为4.0×10~(-7)mol/L。按照国家标准方法对实际水样进行检测,未检测出硝基苯。配制两个浓度水平硝基苯的模拟水样进行加标回收实验,其回收率分别为102.1%和99.9%。用气相色谱法做对照实验,结果表明本方法与气相色谱法的测定结果无显著性差异。     

双通道毛细管电泳-电化学法同时检测硝酸根、亚硝酸根和氯酚类化合物

双通道毛细管电泳-电化学法同时检测硝酸根、亚硝酸根和氯酚类化合物;双通道毛细管电泳电化学法;硝酸根;亚硝酸根;氯酚     

Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Weapons of Mass Destruction. A Review

The detection of chemical warfare agents (CWA) has become a worldwide security concern in light of the many recent international threats utilizing nerve agents. Among a variety of detection methods that have been developed for CWA, electrochemical sensors offer the unrivaled merits of high sensitivity, specificity and operational simplicity. Recent insights into novel fabrication methodologies and electrochemical techniques have resulted in the demonstration of electrochemical sensors able to address many of the limitations of conventional methodologies. This article reviews recent advances and developments in the field of electrochemical biosensors based detection of nerve agent and their utility for decentralized threat detection. With continued innovations and attention to key challenges, it is expected that electrochemical sensors will play a pivotal role in the CWA detection scenario. This review concludes with the implications of the electrochemical sensing platforms along with future prospects and challenges.     

High Sensitive Long Period Fiber Grating Sensor for Detection of Nitrite

A high sensitive long period fiber grating(LPFG) sensor for the detection of nitrite is proposed, which is realized by coating multiple poly(sodium 4-styrensulfonate)(PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA) layers on the fiber grating surface. The sensitivity of this LPFG sensor is maximum when the number of assembled layers is 70. Under this condition, a nitrite concentration of 3×10-3 mol/L, which is lower than the National Food Additive Standard, 4.2×10-3 mol/L, can be distinguished. The s...     

An Electrochemical Sensor Fabricated by Sonochemical Approach for Determination of the Antipsychotic Drug Haloperidol

A nanocomposite (Ho₂O₃NPs/BNT) was synthesized by decorating holmium(III)oxide nanoparticles (H₂O₃NPs) on bentonite (BNT) through a realizable sonochemical approach for the electrochemical detection of haloperidol (Hlp). A glassy carbon electrode was modified with this nanocomposite. The Ho₂O₃NPs/BNT modified electrode outperformed bare and other modified electrodes in terms of electrochemical performance for Hlp detection in a pH 8.0 phosphate buffer. The proposed electrochemical platform showed a wide linear range (0.01 μM–24 μM), low detection limit (2.4 nM), and high sensitivity by square wave voltammetry. In addition, the proposed electrochemical sensor met the clinical criteria in terms of stability, selectivity, and repeatability.     

Development of Pen-type Portable Electrochemical Sensor Based on Au-W Bimetallic Nanoparticles Decorated Graphene-chitosan Nanocomposite Film for the Detection of Nitrite in Water,Milk and Fruit Juices

The development and fabrication of a simple, portable, and sensitive detection tool to precisely monitor nitrite level is of growing importance in electrochemistry research, given the strong interest in the protection of drinking water quality, treatment of wastewater, food production, and control of remediation processes. This work describes the fabrication of a simple, cost-effective, pen-type electrochemical sensor based on bimetallic gold and tungsten nanoparticles electrochemically decorated on graphene-chitosan modified pencil graphite electrode (PGE) for the trace detection of nitrite in real samples. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using XRD, SEM, and EDS. The electrochemical behavior of the sensor was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance electrochemical spectroscopy (EIS). Results revealed that the proposed sensor displayed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards electro-oxidation of nitrite with an irreversible redox reaction. The AuNPs-WNPs@Gr-Chi/PGE sensor exhibited excellent analytical performance with a wide linear range from 10 to 250 μM towards nitrite. The LOD and LOQ were calculated to be 0.12 μM and 0.44 μM, respectively. The designed electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for the detection of nitrite in water, milk, and natural fruit juice samples.