AIDS病毒与CD^＋4靶细胞检测方法的研究

本文对ＡＩＤＳ病毒原及其靶细胞检测方法的研究进展了较系统的评述。深入分析了ｇｐ１２０，ＣＤ４受体分子与小肽的相互作用。并给出了抗ＡＩＤＳ病毒药物分析 方法的最新研究方向。     

合并血浆中病毒标记检测临界值的确定分析

确保合并血浆检测结果的判定准确可靠,能够有效保证合并血浆的病毒安全性,对合并血浆乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原、丙型肝炎病毒抗体、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体检测时不同厂家检测试剂的临界值进行确定。(1)使用双抗体夹心酶联免疫法对合并血浆HBsAg和HIV-1/HIV-2抗体的检测临界值进行确定。(2)使用酶联免疫法检测合并血浆HCV抗体的临界值进行确定。经检测和计算,两个厂家检测试剂的检测临界值系数分别为乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原23.398%和26.845%、丙型肝炎病毒抗体9.012%和16.481%、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体20.025%和23.424%。     

禽流感病毒流式微球量子点探针免疫诊断新方法

采用微波法水相中合成羧基化的绿色量子点,通过羧基与禽流感单克隆抗体氨基的共价结合,制备了检测禽流感病毒的探针,并结合流式微球技术,建立了量子点生物探针流式微球免疫检测禽流感病毒的新方法.以聚苯乙烯微球为蛋白质载体,将多克隆抗体包被到荧光微球上,依次加入待测抗原和量子点生物探针,形成双抗体夹心复合物,用流式细胞仪进行检测.实验结果表明,多抗和单抗的最佳质量浓度分别为92和4 mg/L,检测禽流感病毒比双抗体夹心ELISA灵敏16倍,比FITC标记单抗检测方法灵敏4倍.对阳性尿囊液的检测与ELISA呈现良好的相关性,不与鸡传染性支气管炎病毒、鸡马力克氏病毒、新城疫病毒等发生交叉反应.     

新城疫病毒流式微球免疫检测新方法

本研究基于新城疫病毒多克隆抗体的制备及优化,以聚苯乙烯微球作为蛋白质载体建立免疫检测体系,建立了快速检测新城疫病毒的流式细胞术新方法。以藻红蛋白荧光染料对新城疫多克隆抗体荧光标记,取1μL荧光微球与100μL新配制的单克隆抗体溶液反应,依次加入一定量待测抗原和藻红蛋白标记的多克隆抗体,漩涡振荡10s,室温振荡反应充分,形成双抗体夹心复合物,用流式细胞仪进行检测。采用ELISA法对免疫试剂进行了匹配性筛选实验,优选了试剂用量,并与传统ELISA方法进行了对比分析。实验结果表明,单克隆抗体350mg/L、多克隆抗体300mg/L时可获得最佳分析效果,与传统的ELISA方法呈现出良好的相关性,不与鸡传染性支气管炎病毒、鸡痘病毒、鸡马立克氏病病毒等发生交叉反应。     

新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的检测和诊断

2019年12月以来席卷全球的新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)肺炎是一种高传染性疾病,给全球社会、经济和生活带来了巨大的负面影响,严重威胁人类的生命安全。由于尚无用于COVID-19的特定药物或疫苗,快速及时的检测和诊断对于控制疫情至关重要。本文介绍了目前检测COVID-19的方法,主要比较了CT检测、核酸检测和抗体检测在检测COVID-19中各自发挥的作用,总结了各种方法的优势和不足之处,综述了各种方法的最新研究进展。病毒分离是检测病毒感染的黄金标准,但是要求严格的条件,这些条件多数实验室和医院无法满足。CT检查可以直接看到症状,但是存在特异性低的局限;核酸检测能提供直接的证据,是当前检测新型冠状病毒的主要方法,但是存在假阳性;抗体检测能提供非直接的证据,适于进行筛查工作,但是其无法用于感染的早期诊断且可能得到假阳性或假阴性结果。本文提出了联合使用和综合判读可以从技术和时间差上互补,并对未来的发展趋势和研究重点进行了展望。     

AIDS病毒与CD4靶细胞检测方法的研究

本文对AIDS 病毒抗原及其靶细胞(CD⁺₄ ) 检测方法的研究进展作了较系统的评述。深入分析了gp 120、CD₄ 受体分子与小肽的相互作用。并给出了抗A IDS 病毒药物分析方法的最新研究动向。     

微流控芯片中磁免疫荧光法检测新城疫病毒

建立了一种基于微流控芯片的磁免疫荧光方法,并用于新城疫病毒(NDV)的高灵敏检测。该方法基于抗原抗体免疫识别作用,采用免疫磁珠实现了对NDV的高效捕获和分离,并利用量子点的荧光作为检出信号,提高方法的灵敏度。在优化条件下,NDV的检测限为1ng/mL,线性范围为1～10ng/mL。利用免疫磁珠捕获分离病毒,可用于家禽肝脏、肺、粪便等实际样品中病毒的检测。该方法可以在1h内完成对NDV的检测,操作简单、特异性强,灵敏度高,重现性好。本文为NDV的检测提供了一种快速、准确的方法。     

基于免疫磁球的埃博拉病毒糖蛋白高灵敏比色检测

用免疫磁球捕获埃博拉病毒糖蛋白,与生物素化抗体形成免疫夹心复合物,然后链霉亲和素标记辣根过氧化物酶(SA-HRP)催化3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)进行显色,通过370 nm处吸光度对病毒糖蛋白进行定量。对免疫磁球进行了免疫荧光表征,通过对照实验验证方法的可靠性,并对检测条件进行了优化。结果表明,吸光度与病毒糖蛋白浓度在1.0~25.0 ng/m L内呈线性关系,检出限达到0.18 ng/m L。该方法重现性较好,特异性好,抗干扰能力强,可实现复杂样品中埃博拉病毒的检测。     

喷射式流动注射电化学发光免疫检测禽流感H9亚型

利用磁分离和生物素亲和素技术,形成亲和素化磁微球-生物素化抗体-抗原-钌标抗体的免疫夹心复合物,初步建立了体外免疫诊断试剂的制备方法,并利用喷射式流动注射电化学发光体系对制备出的禽流感病毒H9免疫复合物进行检测。实验选择最适的包被抗体,检测抗体和封闭剂,优化Ru标抗体的最佳稀释度。在生物素化的兔抗H9多抗作为亲和素化的磁微球的结合抗体,鼠抗H9单抗作为Ru(bpy)32+标记抗体,2%BSA作为封闭剂,1:50倍稀释的Ru-鼠抗H9单抗条件下,非特异性吸附最低。测定不同浓度的H9抗原,发现抗原浓度在3.125～100μg/mL范围内与电化学发光强度呈较好的线性关系。实验还测定了不同亚型的禽流感病毒、不同来源的毒株和鸡的棉拭子样品。     

荧光免疫夹心法分离及检测EV71病毒

基于免疫磁球分离技术,利用荧光免疫夹心法捕获,建立了一种新的EV71病毒的快速检测方法。用免疫磁球特异性捕获EV71病毒,然后用生物素化的抗体结合EV71病毒,再结合标有量子点的链霉亲和素(SA-QDs)形成复合物,采用荧光光谱法进行定量检测,C4亚型EV71病毒在2.6~7.5lg(TCID50/mL)的范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9953),检测限为1.7lg(TCID50/mL)。该方法简便快速,灵敏度高。     

DNA序列特征的统计分析

介绍了近年来在多种学科领域对DNA碱基序列的研究中发展起来的定量分析符号序列的方法,归纳了将碱基与数字对应起来的规则和进行统计分析的方法．并给予一定的评价。DNA分子包涵了丰富的化学信息和生物信息,对于DNA序列的统计分析显得非常重要。将DNA序列表达成数字信号通常有从一维到四维4种不同维数空间的映射方式,其相应的统计方法有均方根涨落、熵近似方法、傅立叶变换和小波变换等,各种方法从多个角度多个层次来分析揭示了DNA序列的结构规律。     

New Analytical Techniques for the Detection of BSE and other TSEs

Abstract

This review discusses new methods for detecting BSE and other TSE prions. A number of different analytical techniques have been applied in the past few years. New immunoassays (as well as new antibodies), an improved Western blot, CE-based methods, and a Raman-based method are some of the analytical techniques reviewed. In addition, methods to increase the concentration of prions and some cautionary notes are presented in this review.     

Thermoanalytical methods in the study of inorganic thin films

Thermoanalytical (TA) methods are relatively seldom applied for assessing the physical and chemical proeprties of thin films, but they can be used in studies of composition, phase transitions and film—substrate interactions. In the present paper the possibilities of TA methods in thin film studies are reviewed. The thermoanalytical methods considered are the classical TG and DTA/DSC methods but some complementary methods will also be briefly mentioned. The main emphasis is given to true thin films. Details of sample preparation are also given. An important application of TA methods is characterization of precursors for the CVD growth of thin films, and this is also discussed.     

Final state effects in the photoionization process

Different methods to take into account many body effects in photoionization processes are discussed. Numerical results are shown for some indirect methods, several approximations within the Green's function formalism, and for potential models. The suitability of the Green's function method for the investigation of satellite structure is considered.     

生物样品中神经递质的定量测定及其应用研究进展

神经递质（NTs）是神经传递的内源性化学信使，在大脑功能中发挥重要作用。中枢神经系统中神经递质浓度的变化与许多精神和生理疾病有关。神经递质的测定已成为疾病诊断和监测以及治疗干预的重要手段，有效的神经递质体内监测对于疾病诊疗乃至新药研发都至关重要。该文就近年来神经递质的检测方法，包括仪器检测法、电化学检测法以及一些新型检测方法等进行综述，并总结了目前神经递质检测在一些疾病研究中的应用进展。     

Chiral liquid chromatography contribution to the determination of the absolute configuration of enantiomers

The review covers examples in which chiral HPLC, as a source of pure enantiomers, has been combined with classical methods (X-ray, vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), enzymatic resolutions, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, optical rotation, circular dichroism (CD)) for the on- or off-line determination of absolute configuration of enantiomers. Furthermore, it is outlined that chiral HPLC, which associates enantioseparation process and classical purification process, opens new perspectives in the classical determination of absolute configuration by chemical correlation or chemical interconversion methods. The review also contains a discussion about the various approaches to predict the absolute configuration from the retention behavior of the enantiomers on chiral stationary phases (CSPs). Some examples illustrate the advantages and limitations of molecular modeling methods and the use of chiral recognition models. The assumptions underlying some of these methods are critically analyzed and some possible emerging new strategies are outlined.     

Applications of nuclear methods in the automotive industry

Over the years nuclear methods have proved to be a valuable asset to industry in general and to the automotive industry in particular. This paper summarizes some of the most important recent contributions of nuclear technology to the development of vehicles having high quality and long-term durability. Radiotracer methods are used to measure engine oil consumption and the wear rates of inaccessible components. Radiographic and tomographic methods are used to image fluids and structures in engines and accessory components. Tracers are used to understand combustion chemistry and quantify fluid flow. Gauging methods are used for inspection and process control. Nuclear analytical methods are used routinely for materials characterization and problem solving. Although nuclear methods are usually considered as the means of last resort, they can often be applied more easily and quickly than conventional methods when those in industrial engineering and R&D are aware of their unique capabilities.     

Conformational searching methods for small molecules. I. Study of the sybyl search method

Several methods are available in the literature for the conformational analysis of small molecules. Each of these methods has some advantages and some disadvantages. Also, each of these methods may be expected to perform better or worse on different types of molecules. There is no clear calibration of each of these methods against a “standardized” set of molecules available in the literature. Such a reference work would be useful to the community because it would allow the choice of methods to be based on some facts. We attempted to provide a start to such a calibration in this article with an examination of the SYBYL SEARCH method. Methods for evaluating the performance of this method are described in detail and will be applied to all other available conformational analysis methods in future papers. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Applications of mass spectrometry in the trace element analysis of biological materials

The importance of mass spectrometry for the analysis of biological material is illustrated by reviewing the different mass spectrometric methods applied and describing some typical applications published recently. Though atomic absorption spectrometry is used in the majority of analyses of biological material, most mass spectrometric methods have been used to some extent for trace element determination in biomedical research. The relative importance of the different methods is estimated by reviewing recent research papers. It is striking that especially inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is increasingly being applied, partly because the method can be used on-line after chromatographic separation, in speciation studies. Mass spectrometric methods prove to offer unique possibilities in stable isotope tracer studies and for this purpose also experimentally demanding methods such as thermal ionization mass spectrometry and accelerator mass spectrometry are frequently used.     

Planar chromatography at the turn of the century.

An overview of the state-of-the-art of modern thin-layer chromatography (planar chromatography) is presented with emphasis on the complementary features of thin-layer and column liquid chromatographic separations. The reasons for selecting thin-layer chromatography for a particular analysis are identified by its attributes: a disposable stationary phase; simultaneous parallel separations; static detection free of time constraints; storage device for chromatographic information; all sample components are observed in the chromatogram. Future prospects for improved separation performance in TLC using zone refocusing, forced flow and electroosmotic flow methods are discussed as well as increasing zone capacity by using two-dimensional development and coupling to column chromatographic methods. Advances in coupling thin-layer chromatography with spectroscopic methods for structural elucidation are also considered. Finally, some predictions are made for how thin-layer chromatography will be practiced in the future.