Spin relaxation in nanophased manganites

We present recent results obtained by DC and AC susceptibility, muon spin relaxation and neutron spin echo experiments in magnetically ordered La_0.7Pb_0.3MnO₃ and disordered La_0.7Pb_0.3Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₃. These results aim to cover an extraordinary equivalent frequency range (from quasi-static experiments to almost the THz region) and give an overall picture of the processes within. The different relaxations observed are related either to the macroscopic long-ranged interactions among magnetic clusters (susceptibility techniques) and to short-ranged intracluster spin diffusion processes (muon and neutron techniques).     

Spontaneous polarization of Fe-doped SbNbO4 crystals

The temperature dependence of spontaneous polarization in SbNbO₄: Fe crystals has been studied. The temperatures of the ferroelectric and the structural phase transitions (537 ± 1) K and (876 ± 1) K are determined from the permittivity data. The anomalies in the temperature dependence of Ps provided by the presence of the Fe_Sb and (O _i V _Sb)-type impurity centers are observed in the whole range of ferroelectric ordering. In the SbNbO₄ structure, the macrofragments—two types of mesotetrahedra formed by Sb ions and NbO₆-octahedra-are established, which are responsible for the spontaneous polarization of the crystal.     

Fe掺杂纳米ZnO的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法,无需研磨,制备出不同掺杂浓度的纳米Zn1-xFexO(0.00≤x≤O.03)样品.利用TG-DTA对前驱物样品的成分进行了分析,利用XRD,SEM和UV-Vis等方法对煅烧后样品的结构、形貌及光学性质进行了表征.结果显示:80℃烘干后,未掺杂样品前驱物为Zn3(C6H5O7)2,700℃煅烧后,Zn1-xFexO样品均属六方纤锌矿结构,Fe的掺杂没有引入新的杂相,晶粒均呈现为纳米球形颗粒.其具有很宽的光吸收频段和优异的紫外吸收特性,且随Fe浓度的增大光吸收边发生红移.当x=0.007时纳米Zn1-xFexO的光催化性能最好,对甲基橙溶液的降解效率高达99.71;.     

Ti,Fe离子掺杂对水热法合成蓝宝石晶体的影响

本文研究了掺杂Fe、Ti离子对水热条件下合成α-Al2O3晶体的颜色和晶体形态的影响.在较低温度(430℃)和较低压力(40MPa)下合成出了蓝色刚玉晶体.在未掺入其他的离子时,水热反应生成透明α-Al2O3六棱柱形晶体.当在反应介质中加入FeSO4*7H2O时,水热反应生成黑色α-Al2O3晶体,晶体呈六棱柱体.加入FeSO4*7H2O和TiCl3时,生成的蓝色宝石晶体显露高指数晶面,晶体长度300μm,另外还生成大量的薄水铝石晶片.加入FeSO4*7H2O和TiCl4时,蓝宝石晶体显露底面{0001},柱面{1120},和菱面{1123},最大的孪晶长度为200μm,最小的晶粒只有2μm;同样有大量的薄水铝石晶片生成,还伴生有少量针状TiO2金红石晶体.     

Fe:LiNbO3单晶的坩埚下降法生长及其成分不均匀性研究

本文报道了用坩埚下降法生长Fe:LiNbO3晶体的新工艺.通过选择合适的原料配比、控制固液界面的温度梯度为20～40℃/cm及晶体生长速度0.8～1.5mm/h,生长出掺杂0.04mol;Fe2O3的无宏观缺陷LiNbO3单晶.XRD图谱和DTA曲线用来表征所得晶体,并且测定了从晶体下部到上部的紫外可见吸收光谱.结果表明:沿生长方向,晶胞参数a、c增大,熔点降低,晶体中的Fe2+浓度呈增加趋势,作者分析了造成成分不均匀分布的原因.     

Evidence of hopping of charge carriers in the clustered state of manganites

The electrical resistivity and magnetization measurements as a function of both temperature and magnetic field provide clear evidence for three temperature intervals in which the magnetic and transport properties are altered in the La_0.55Y_0.15Ca_0.3MnO₃ compound. The intermediated-T regime, called clustered state, involves the presence of both ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases and is shown to be closely related to the colossal magnetoresistivity effect. An extra hopping conducting process is proposed to exist in this clustered state. We use both the Abeles’ model and microstructural parameters to estimate the hopping activation energy between ferromagnetic clusters. The size (density) temperature dependence and the shape of the ferromagnetic metallic clusters are revealed to play a major role in the clustered state of this manganite.     

Isomerization and Spin Generation in Polyacetylene

The isomerization of undoped (CH)_x was investigated in a combined Raman and ESR experiment. We find that the ESR linewidth, but not the spin concentration, is correlated with the degree of isomerization as determined from the Raman intensities. The spin concentratin does not change until the isomerization is well change untill the isomerization is well advanced. Hence the decrease in linewidth must be due to the increased mobility of the spins (solitons) rather than exchange interaction. The Spin qeneration is suggested to be due to Diels-Alder crosslinking. The Raman intensities indicate that there are two isomerization processes, with activation energies of 16 and 28 kcal/mole. Anomalous Raman scattering by cis (CH)_x excited with de ep red laser light provides additional evidence for defect structures.     

Fe掺杂CoSb3化合物的热电性能及电子结构研究

采用机械合金化结合冷等静压的方法制备了Co4-xFexSb12化合物,探讨了Fe掺杂对化合物热电性能的影响;利用基于密度泛函理论赝势平面波的方法对Fe掺杂前后的CoSb3的电子结构进行了计算.结果表明:在Co4-xFexSb12化合物中Fe的固溶极限x在0.3～0.5之间;CoSb3的费米而位于导带和价带之间,其电阻率随温度的升高而降低,为非简并半导体;Fe掺杂后费米面进入价带,使其成为P型简并半导体,电阻率较掺杂前大大降低并随温度的升高而增加;本实验条件下,Co37Fe0.3Sb12化合物的功率因子在600 K时出现1406.31μW/ m·K2的最高值,是未掺杂试样的功率因子最高值的7.4倍.     

Magnetocaloric effect in nano- and polycrystalline La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 manganites

The sol–gel method is applied to prepare the polycrystalline La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ manganite and to reduce grain sizes of nanocrystalline sample down to 23 nm. The magnetocaloric effect was determined from isothermal magnetization measurements. Transition from the polycrystalline to nanocrystalline structure reduces the size of magnetocaloric effect and markedly broadens the temperature interval over which it occurs. The relative cooling power RCP(S) = 35 J/kg in polycrystalline manganite remains almost the same in the nanocrystalline case.     

Lattice vibration and photoinduced light scattering in Co-, Cr- and Fe-doped lithium niobate

Raman scattering and photoinduced light scattering in Co-, Cr- and Fe-doped lithium niobate were examined. The A₁(TO) modes appear in E symmetry spectrum of the doped lithium niobate. Their intensities vary with different dopings. In the spectrum of z(yy)x geometry, the properties of the lowest-frequency E(TO) mode of the Cr-doped lithium niobate are different from those of pure, Co- and Fe-doped lithium niobate. The intensity of the A₁(TO) mode at 637cm^-1 I is decreased in doped lithium niobate compared with the pure crystal. We attribute these properties to both the photorefractive effect which is enhanced by dopants and to the different occupation of the doping ions. A light climbing effect was observed in Co- and Cr-doped lithium niobate for the first time. A higher photodamage threshold and quicker light climbing speed were found in Co- and Cr-doped lithium niobate in comparison with the light climbing effect in the Fe-doped lithium niobate. The results from the photoinduced light scattering experiments were compared with those from a Raman spectroscopic study.     

磁性离子Fe掺杂钛酸钡铁电材料的结构和物性研究

采用高温固相反应法制备了铁掺杂的钛酸钡BaTi1-xFexO3(0.1O≤x≤O.60)样品,研究了其结构、铁电和磁学性质.X射线衍射谱表征了铁掺杂钛酸钡材料的结构,确定了BaTi1-xFexO3样品为四方相结构,晶体结构精修表明掺杂离子的引入使得BaTi1-xFexO3材料的晶体结构在ab面发生了扩张,而沿c轴方向收缩.X射线光电子能谱研究了材料的化学成分和表面化学价态,表明三价和四价铁离子同时存在于晶格中,并取代四价钛离子而形成了BaTi1-xFexO3结构.样品的介电温谱和磁滞回线表明BaTi1-xFexO3材料在室温下同时具有铁电性和铁磁性.随着Fe掺杂量由10;增加至60;,单个铁离子在材料中产生的磁矩由0.70μB增加到1.55μB.通过对样品磁性的分析发现,材料的铁磁性来源于铁离子和氧离子的双交换作用.     

Ring- and single-crystal-like superstructures of Fe-doped PbTiO3 nanocrystals

Ring- and single-crystal-like superstructures of Fe-doped PbTiO₃ nanocrystals have been prepared by a simple hydrothermal method using (poly ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a surfactant. Two oriented-attachment forms of the nanocrystals favor the formation of the rings in view of geometry. Magnetism measurement shows that Fe-doped PbTiO₃ sample is ferromagnetic even at room temperature. It is proposed that the magnetic dipole interactions and the presence of PEG molecules could together contribute to the formation of ring- and single-crystal-like superstructures composed of Fe-doped PbTiO₃ nanocrystals.     

Fe掺杂Mn/TiO2低温脱硝催化剂的催化性能研究

采用氧化沉淀-浸渍法制备了不同含量Fe掺杂的Fe-Mn/TiO2低温脱硝催化剂,考察了催化剂在80~180 ℃范围内的脱硝能力并通过XRD、BET、TG、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD等测试手段,对催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征.实验结果表明,Fe的加入并没有改变Mn/TiO2的主要晶相,仍是锐钛矿型的TiO2,MnOx和FeOx均以非晶态结构高度分散于载体表面,而且Fe的加入可以有效地改善催化剂的微观形貌、比表面积及表面酸性位点,从而提高其低温脱硝性能.Fe掺量在Fe/Ti为0.10时催化剂具有最佳性能,在120 ℃时脱硝率可达90;以上.     

Magnetic Resonance Studies of Spin Dynamics in Trans-Polyacetylene

We present a study of the temperatue dependce of the spin dynamics in trans-polyacetylene using dynamic nuclear polarisation, nuclear relaxation and EPR measrements.     

Spin state of cobalt ions in NdCoO3

The crystal structure of NdCoO₃ is studied by neutron diffraction. It is shown that static cooperative Jahn—Teller distortions are absent up to the temperature of transition to the metallic state. The results are discussed within the model considering the transition of cobalt ions from the low-spin to the intermediate-spin state by gradual thermal excitation without a clearly pronounced critical behavior.     

Exotic Spin Structures in Transition-Metal Monosilicides and Monogermanides

Crystallography Reports - Monosilicides and monohermanides of transition metals (e.g., MnSi) are characterized by a noncentrosymmetric structure of the B20 type, which leads to the occurrence of...     

Magneto-transport study of nanocrystalline and polycrystalline manganites La0.75Ca0.25MnO3

We compare structure and magnetic parameters of the polycrystalline and nanocrystalline manganites La_0.75Ca_0.25MnO₃ prepared by the carbonate precipitation and the sol–gel methods, respectively. The Curie temperature is surprisingly enhanced for nanocrystalline manganite. An effect of magnetic fields on transport parameters is analyzed for the metallic and semiconducting ranges.     

Electron Spin Echo Study on Polyacetylene

Electron spin Echo (ESE) measurements on stretch-oriented films of polyacetylene are reported. The electron dipole-dipole interaction is estimated. Effect of oxygen on the phase memory decay has been studied.     

Orientational Order of Spin Probe Molecules in Liquid Crystals

We report here measurements of hyperfine splittings and g values of two nitroxide spin probes 4',4'-dimethyl-spiro-(5α-cholestane-3,2'-oxazolidin)-3'-yloxyl and 2-(10-carboxydecyl)-2-hexyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxyl methyl ester dissolved in p-azoxyanisole. Using the principal axes values of g and A tensors available, we have determined all three diagonal components of the orientational order parameter tensor S for these spin probe molecules. We find that for neither of the spin probes used here has this tensor S the cylindrical symmetry that is normally assumed to determine the orientational order parameter tensor S^(p) defined by the long molecular axis from such measurements. We show further that this conclusion about S is independent of any uncertainty in the principal axes values of the g and A tensors, and hence the relations between S and S^(p) normally used do not seem to be well justified. Probable relations are also suggested.     

Electron Spin Resonance of Mn2+ in Hemimorphite

The Electron Spin Resonance of Mn²⁺ in natural crystals of hemimorphite was studied at RT, X-band. No fine structure other than the central M = | + 1/2 〉 ⇆ | −1/2 > transition with allowed (Δm = 0) and forbidden (Δm = ±1) hyperfine transitions were observed. The spectrum was fitted with the spin Hamiltonian parameters g = 2.001, A = −84.6 × 10⁻⁴ cm⁻¹. The crystal field parameter D was estimated equal to (8 ± 2) × 10⁻³ cm⁻¹. The most striking result is the size of the hyperfine splitting constant favoring occupancy of sixfold coordinated sites.