On the Supports of Vector Equilibrium Measures in the Angelesco Problem with Nested Intervals

A vector logarithmic-potential equilibrium problem with the Angelesco interaction matrix is considered for two nested intervals with a common endpoint. The ratio of the lengths of the intervals is a parameter of the problem, and another parameter is the ratio of the masses of the components of the vector equilibrium measure. Two cases are distinguished, depending on the relations between the parameters. In the first case, the equilibrium measure is described by a meromorphic function on a three-sheeted Riemann surface of genus zero, and the supports of the components do not overlap and are connected. In the second case, a solution to the equilibrium problem is found in terms of a meromorphic function on a six-sheeted surface of genus one, and the supports overlap and are not connected.     

On the Stability of a Periodic Hamiltonian System with One Degree of Freedom in a Transcendental Case

The stability of an equilibrium of a nonautonomous Hamiltonian system with one degree of freedom whose Hamiltonian function depends 2π-periodically on time and is analytic near the equilibrium is considered. The multipliers of the system linearized around the equilibrium are assumed to be multiple and equal to 1 or–1. Sufficient conditions are found under which a transcendental case occurs, i.e., stability cannot be determined by analyzing the finite-power terms in the series expansion of the Hamiltonian about the equilibrium. The equilibrium is proved to be unstable in the transcendental case.     

On stability in Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom

We consider the stability of the equilibrium position at the origin of coordinates of a Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom whose unperturbed part describes oscillators with restoring force of odd order greater than 1. It is proved that if the exponents of the restoring force of the oscillators are not equal, then the equilibrium position is Lyapunov stable. If the exponents are equal, then the equilibrium position is conditionally stable for trajectories not belonging to some level surface of the Hamiltonian. The reduction of the system to this surface shows that the equilibrium position is stable in the case of general position.     

On a vector potential-theory equilibrium problem with the Angelesco matrix

Vector logarithmic-potential equilibrium problems with the Angelesco interaction matrix are considered. Solutions to two-dimensional problems in the class of measures and in the class of charges are studied. It is proved that in the case of two arbitrary real intervals, a solution to the problem in the class of charges exists and is unique. The Cauchy transforms of the components of the equilibrium charge are algebraic functions whose degree can take values 2, 3, 4, and 6 depending on the arrangement of the intervals. A constructive method for finding the vector equilibrium charge in an explicit form is presented, which is based on the uniformization of an algebraic curve. An explicit form of the vector equilibrium measure is found under some constraints on the arrangement of the intervals.     

The critical case of a pair of zero roots in a two-degree-of-freedom hamiltonian system

The problem of the motion of an autonomous two-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian system in the neighbourhood of its equilibrium position is considered. It is assumed that the characteristic equation of the linearized system has a pair of pure imaginary roots. The roots of the other pair are assumed to be close to or equal to zero, and in the latter case non-simple elementary dividers correspond to these roots. The problem of the existence, bifurcations and orbital stability of families of periodic motions, generated from the equilibrium position, is solved. Conditionally periodic motions are analysed. The problem of the boundedness of the trajectories of the system in the neighbourhood of the equilibrium position in the case when it is Lyapunov unstable, is considered. Non-linear oscillations of an artificial satellite in the region of its steady rotation around the normal to the orbit plane are investigated as an application.     

Instability conditions for a non-linear discrete system in the critical case of two unit roots

A class of non-linear discrete second-order systems is considered in the critical case when two roots of the characteristic polynomial of the linearized system are equal to unity. Sufficient conditions for the instability of the equilibrium are obtained.     

基于承诺交货期的两阶通用件库存模型

在一个两阶段生产系统中,针对第二阶段应用单通用件的情况,引入承诺交货期因素,分别建立了第一阶段无通用件、单通用件、双通用件库存模型,考查了承诺交货期对通用件库存模型总成本的影响,分析了三类模型相应的最优库存水平。通过算例,说明了在一个第二阶段采用单通用件的两阶段生产系统中,当通用件与非通用件的单位采购成本相同时,并非第一阶段使用越多的通用件,总成本就越低。     

Relative equilibrium configurations of point vortices on a sphere

The problem of constructing and classifying equilibrium and relative equilibrium configurations of point vortices on a sphere is studied. A method which enables one to find any such configuration is presented. Configurations formed by the vortices placed at the vertices of Platonic solids are considered without making the assumption that the vortices possess equal in absolute value circulations. Several new configurations are obtained.     

The stability of the equilibrium position of Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom

The stability of the equilibrium position at the origin of coordinates of a Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom with a Hamiltonian, the unperturbed part of which generates oscillators with a cubic restoring force, is considered. It is proved that the equilibrium position is Lyapunov conditionally stable for initial values which do not belong to a certain surface of the Hamiltonian level. A reduction of the system onto this surface shows that, in the generic case, unconditional Lyapunov stability also occurs.     

Phase transition for models of an elastic medium with residual stress

A variational problem on martensite-austenite phase transitions in a continuous medium is considered. The energy functional of this problem depends on two parameters: the temperature, which runs all real values, and the positive surface tension coefficient. A half-plane is divided into three open zones. In the first zone, only the martensite one-phase equilibrium state is realized. In the second zone, only the austenite one-phase equilibrium state is realized, whereas, in the third zone, any equilibrium state is a two-phase one. On the interface surfaces separating the zones, only those equilibrium states are realized that are typical for adjoining zones. In the homogeneous and isotropic case, the explicit solution to the problem is given provided that the surface tension coefficient is zero. Bibliography: 12 titles. Illustrations: 4 figures. Translated fromProblemy Matematicheskogo Analiza, No. 17, 1997, pp. 153–191.     

Non-linear oscillations of a Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom with 2:1 resonance

The motions of an autonomous Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom close to an equilibrium position, stable in the linear approximation, are considered. It is assumed that in this neighbourhood the quadratic part of the Hamiltonian of the system is sign-variable, and the ratio of the frequencies of the linear oscillations are close to or equal to two. It is also assumed that the corresponding resonance terms in the third-degree terms of the Hamiltonian are small. The problem of the existence, bifurcations and orbital stability of the periodic motions of the system near the equilibrium position is solved. Conditionally periodic motions of the system are investigated. An estimate is obtained of the region in which the motions of the system are bounded in the neighbourhood of an unstable equilibrium in the case of exact resonance. The motions of a heavy dynamically symmetrical rigid body with a fixed point in the neighbourhood of its permanent rotations around the vertical for 2:1 resonance are considered as an application.     

Hadamard's Fundamental Solution and Conical Refraction

Conical refraction in anisotropic media shows two different light speeds, hence the charaderistic conoid is composed of two sheets. In a special case that two of the dielectric constants are equal, conic refraction is depicted by a partial differential operator which is factorizable. Thus the singular support of the fundamental solution should also be composed of two sheets. In this paper, the author gives the Hadamard construction of the fundamental solution which is just singular on these two sheets. In case of conic refraction considered, these two sheets are tangent to each other along two bi-characteristic curves, and a special singularity of the boundary-layer type appears there.     

On the constitutive inequalities and acceleration waves in micropolar media

Acceleration waves in nonlinear thermoelastic micropolar media are considered. We establish the kinematic and dynamic compatibility relations for a singular surface of order 2 in the media. An analogy to the Fresnel–Hadamard–Duhem theorem and an expression for the acoustic tensor are derived. The condition for acceleration wave's propagation is formulated as an algebraic spectral problem. It is shown that the condition coincides with the strong ellipticity of equilibrium equations. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the Constructive Algorithm for Stability Analysis of an Equilibrium Point of a Periodic Hamiltonian System with Two Degrees of Freedom in the Second-order Resonance Case

This paper is concerned with a nonautonomous Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom whose Hamiltonian is a 2π-periodic function of time and analytic in a neighborhood of an equilibrium point. It is assumed that the system exhibits a secondorder resonance, i. e., the system linearized in a neighborhood of the equilibrium point has a double multiplier equal to ?1. The case of general position is considered when the monodromy matrix is not reduced to diagonal form and the equilibrium point is linearly unstable. In this case, a nonlinear analysis is required to draw conclusions on the stability (or instability) of the equilibrium point in the complete system.In this paper, a constructive algorithm for a rigorous stability analysis of the equilibrium point of the above-mentioned system is presented. This algorithm has been developed on the basis of a method proposed in [1]. The main idea of this method is to construct and normalize a symplectic map generated by the phase flow of a Hamiltonian system.It is shown that the normal form of the Hamiltonian function and the generating function of the corresponding symplectic map contain no third-degree terms. Explicit formulae are obtained which allow one to calculate the coefficients of the normal form of the Hamiltonian in terms of the coefficients of the generating function of a symplectic map.The developed algorithm is applied to solve the problem of stability of resonant rotations of a symmetric satellite.     

A criterion for the growth of cracks with bonds in the end zone

A fracture criterion which takes account of the work done in the deformation of bonds in the end zone of a crack is proposed for analysing the quasistatic growth of a crack with bonds in the end zone. The energy condition that the deformation energy release rate at the crack tip is equal to the rate of deformation energy consumption by the bonds in the end zone of the crack (the first fracture condition) corresponds to the state of limit equilibrium of the crack tip. The rupture of bonds at the trailing edge of the end zone is determined by the condition for their limiting traction (the second fracture condition). Starting from these two conditions, the processes of subcritical and quasistatic crack growth are considered for the case of a rectilinear crack at interface of materials and the two basic fracture parameters, the critical external load and the size of the end zone of the crack in the state of limit equilibrium, are determined. Analytical expressions are obtained for the deformation energy release rate at the crack tip and the rate of deformation energy consumption by the bonds and, also, the dependences of the critical external load and size of the end zone of the crack on the crack length in the case of a rectilinear crack in a homogeneous body with bond tractions which are constant and independent of the external load. The limit cases of a crack which is filled with bonds and a crack with a short end zone are considered.     

Non-linear oscillations of a 1:1 resonance Hamiltonian system

The non-linear oscillations of an autonomous two-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian system in the neighbourhood of its stable equilibrium position are considered. It is assumed that the Hamilton function is sign-definite in the neighbourhood of the equilibrium position and that the values of the frequencies of its linear oscillations are equal or close to one another (1:1 resonance). The investigation is carried out using the example of the problem of the motion of a dynamically symmetrical rigid body (satellite) about its centre of mass in a circular orbit in a central Newtonian gravitational field. In this problem there is relative equilibrium of the rigid body in the orbital system of coordinates, for which its axis of dynamic symmetry is directed along the velocity vector of the centre of mass. Resonance occurs when the ratio of the polar and equatorial principal central moments of inertia is equal to 4/3 or is close to it. The problem of the existence, bifurcation and orbital stability of the periodic motions of a rigid body generated from its relative equilibrium is solved. Some aspects of the existence of quasiperiodic motions are also considered.     

The steady motions of a satellite with a two-degree-of-freedom powered gyroscope in a central gravitational field and their stability

The positions of relative equilibrium of a satellite carrying a two-degree-of-freedom powered gyroscope, in the axes of the framework of which only dissipative forces can act, are investigated within the limits of a restricted circular problem. For the case when the “satellite - gyroscope” system possesses the property of a gyrostat and the axis of the gyroscope frame is directed parallel to one of the principal central axes of inertia of the satellite, all the equilibrium positions are found as a function of the magnitude of the angular momentum of the rotor. It is established that the minimum number of equilibrium positions is equal to 32 and, in certain ranges of values of the system parameters, it can reach 80. All the positions satisfying the sufficient conditions for stability are also determined. The number of them is either equal to 4 or 8 depending on the values of the system parameters.     

A CRACK PROBLEM WITH A BROKEN LINE INTERFACE

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Wärmewellen in einem leitenden und strahlenden Medium

Summary Plane thermal waves in a heat conducting and radiating (emitting and absorbing) medium that occupies the half-spacex>0 are investigated. The governing equations for a gray medium are linearized with regard to small perturbations of the radiative equilibrium. Solutions are given for the thermal wave that is due to harmonic oscillations of either the wall temperature or the radiative energy flux produced by an outer source. The behaviour of the thermal wave is then discussed for the asymptotic cases of weak, strong, optical thin and optical thick radiation, respectively, and also for the special case that the Bouguer numberBu and the radiation-conduction parameterK as defined in the text are equal to one. Then the equations and their solutions are generalized in order to apply to certain models of frequency-dependent absorption coefficients (non-gray media). Finally it is shown that nonlinear terms, although being small of higher order in the differential equations, cause the perturbation solution to be not uniformly valid as the distance from the boundary surface goes to infinity.