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硫代吡喃酮是一种重要的结构骨架, 广泛存在于天然产物、潜在药物及生物活性分子中. 因此, 发展简洁、高效构建硫代吡喃酮的合成方法具有重要意义. 发展了一种自由基促进的硫甲基取代炔酮的加成环化反应来构建硫代吡喃酮环的新方法. 该方法具有底物适用性广, 一系列自由基前体如二苯基膦氧、硫酚、醛等都可以在该反应体系中实现转化. 机理研究表明, 自由基前体对炔酮的选择性加成得到C(sp 2)自由基中间体, 该中间体促进的C(sp 2)—S键构建及C(sp 3)—S键断裂是关键步骤. 相似文献
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二氧化碳(CO2)是一种理想的C1合成子. 利用其参与化学转化合成羧酸和含羰基杂环等具有高附加值的产品, 具有重要意义. 另一方面, 烯烃的双官能团化反应是有机合成化学中的一类重要反应, 可以将简单易得的烯烃快速高效地转化为结构多样性的重要化合物. 然而, 由于CO2反应活性较低, 而且烯烃官能团化反应的选择性难以控制, CO2参与的烯烃双官能团化反应具有较高的挑战性. 近年来, 自由基化学的蓬勃发展为该类反应的开发提供了新的策略, 实现了一些重要转化反应. 基于此, 从CO2参与烯烃的氧-烷基化反应、碳羧基化反应、硅羧基化反应、硫羧基化反应以及双羧基化反应等反应入手, 全面总结和深入分析了最近几年CO2参与的自由基型烯烃双官能团化反应进展; 在介绍上述进展的同时, 重点阐述了其可能经历的四类自由基化学历程. 最后对该领域的未来发展方向进行了展望, 希望为该领域的进一步发展提供一些思路. 相似文献
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联炔是一种具有较高反应活性的有机合成中间体,与单炔相比联炔具有共轭结构和更多的反应活性位点,既能够作为四合成子构建单环化合物,也能够发生串联环化反应形成多环化合物,因此成为有机化学家的研究热点。本文综述了近年来联炔环化反应的研究进展,并对该领域未来的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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多卤甲基化合物,尤其是具有二氯甲基或三氯甲基结构的多氯甲基化合物,被广泛应用于医药、农业及有机功能材料等领域.此外,多氯甲基还可以很容易地转化为氨基、羟基、羧基和羰基等各种官能团,这些官能团可进一步用于构建复杂的环状结构.因此,开发有效的多氯甲基化策略,在许多具有生物活性的天然分子的合成中具有重要的意义.氯仿是一种容易获得的化学资源,在自由基引发剂存在下可发生自由基转化,通过氢原子转移(HAT)形成·CCl3自由基或通过卤素原子转移(XAT)形成·CHCl2自由基.按照氯仿产生自由基种类的不同,对氯仿参与烯烃自由基加成,从而构建多氯甲基取代化合物的最新研究进展进行了梳理和总结,并对反应范围、局限性以及部分机理进行了讨论. 相似文献
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《Analytical letters》2012,45(9):2009-2024
Abstract Adding additional components to supercritical carbon dioxide in supercritical fluid chromatography can extend or significantly alter the fluid solvating properties. Polar samples which are difficult to be analyzed with pure supercritical CO2 because of their high polarity can be separated by adding polar modifiers to supercritical CO2. In this paper, a new mixing device using a teflon high capacity filter for adding polar modifiers to carbon dioxide mobile phase is introduced. This new mixing device could keep the amount of modifier in the mobile phase constant for a much longer time than a saturator column. The amount of water or methanol dissolved in supercritical CO2 was measured by amperometric microsensor which is made of thin film of perfluorosulfonate ionomer(PFSI). 相似文献
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Rebecca R. Edwards Yingmei Tao Sihua Xu Phillip S. Wells Kwang S. Yun Jon F. Parcher 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1998,36(14):2537-2549
The effect of dissolved carbon dioxide on the glass transition temperature of a polymer, PMMA, has been investigated using molecular probe chromatography. The probe solute was iso-octane, and the specific retention volumes of this solute in pure PMMA and mixtures of PMMA with CO2 were measured over a temperature range of 0 to 180°C and CO2 pressures from 1 to 75 atm. The amount of CO2 dissolved in the polymer was calculated from a model fit to previously published solubility data determined chromatographically. Classical van't Hoff-type plots were used to determine the glass transition temperature of CO2-impregnated PMMA from low pressure up to 46 atm of CO2. Solvent-induced plasticization was observed with the glass transition temperature decreasing by about 40°C. At some pressures, glass transitions at low temperatures could not be determined from the van't Hoff plots because of the proximity of the polymer glass transition temperature to the gas–liquid transition temperature for CO2. For these pressures, a new method was developed to determine the glass transition composition. The glass transition pressure was then calculated from the measured composition and temperature using an isotherm model. In every case, the glass transition temperature decreased linearly with increasing concentration of CO2 in the polymer. However, at higher compositions, the glass transition pressure decreased with increasing composition and decreasing temperature. The observed retention volume of iso-octane with PMMA in a glassy state was correlated with an adsorption model developed from a theory for liquid–solid chromatography derived by Martire. This model accurately described the observed decrease in retention of iso-octane by adsorption on the surface of glassy PMMA with increasing concentration of CO2 dissolved in the polymer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2537–2549, 1998 相似文献
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本文对超临界二氧化碳(ScCO2)中进行的聚合反应进行了综述。评述了ScCO2作为聚合反应介质的优点,以及在ScCO2中可进行的聚合反应类型,包括均相聚合、沉淀聚合、分散聚合、乳液及反相乳液聚合、阳离子聚合、开环聚合、熔融态缩聚、溶液-凝胶聚合、聚合物混合合成、链催化转移聚合、氧化-偶合反应聚合、氮氧自由基可控活性聚合、原子转移自由基聚合、可逆加成-断裂链转移、电化学聚合、原子转移聚合与酶催化开环聚合两种活性聚合在ScCO2中同时聚合、二氧化碳作为原料共聚合等。 相似文献
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Alessandro Galia Alberto Giaconia Onofrio Scialdone Marco Apostolo Giuseppe Filardo 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(8):2406-2418
The heterogeneous polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) was investigated at 50 °C with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a dispersing medium and diethylperoxidicarbonate as an initiator in the presence of different perfluoropolyether surfactants. When FLK 7004A ammonium carboxylate salts were used at a 5% (w/w) concentration with respect to VDF, with an initial pressure of 31–45 MPa and with an olefin concentration of about 5.5 mol/L, monomer conversions up to 63% were obtained, corresponding to a final solid content higher than 200 g/L, and the polymer was collected at the end of the process in the form of a white powder completely composed of microspheres. The effects of the density of the polymerization mixture, the monomer loading, and the surfactant concentration were studied. Collected experimental results suggest that Fluorolink ammonium perfluoropolyether carboxylic salts are the most effective surfactants yet tested in the dispersion polymerization of VDF in scCO2. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2406–2418, 2006 相似文献
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The tri-n-butyl phosphate-nitric acid (TBP-HNO3) complex prepared by contacting the pure TBP with the concentrated HNO3 can be used for direct dissolution of lanthanide and actinide oxides in the supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2). Properties of the TBP-HNO3 complex have been studied. Experimental results showed that when the initial HNO3/TBP volume ratio was varied from 1 : 7 to 5 : 1, the concentration of HNO3 in the TBP-HNO3 complex changed from 1.95 to 5.89 mol/L, the [HNO3]/[TBP] ratio of the TBP-HNO3 complex changed from 0.61 to 2.22, and the content of H20 in the TBP-HNO3 complex changed from 2.02% to 4.19%. All of the density, viscosity and surface tension of the TBP-HNO3 complex changed with the concentration of HNO3 in the complex, and were higher than those of the pure TBE The protons of HNO3 and H2O in the complex underwent rapid exchange to exhibit a singlet resonance peak in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. When the TBP-HNO3 complex was dissolved in a low dielectric constant solvent, small droplets of HNO3 were formed that can be detected by NMR. 相似文献