纳米孔道单分子电化学测量仪器的稳定性研究

纳米孔道分析技术是一种基于电化学空间限域效应的单分子检测技术。测量纳米孔道产生的单分子皮安级微弱电流信号对电化学测量仪器的电流分辨、时间分辨和抗噪音能力提出了挑战。Cube纳米孔道电化学测量仪器通过设计频率补偿电路、前置电流放大器测量系统和基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)的高速数字处理电路,实现了便携式超灵敏电化学测量仪器对微弱电流信号的高时间分辨、高电流分辨,以及低噪音的放大、采集和快速处理。稳定性是仪器能够应用于实际单分子测量分析的重要衡量指标之一。该文通过高阻值电阻对该仪器进行稳定性测试,在截止滤波频率为5、10、100 kHz条件下,Cube纳米孔道仪器获取的电流基线的噪音均方根(RMS)值分别比商品化仪器减小了80.0%、87.5%、48.2%,证明Cube纳米孔道仪器抑制噪音能力更强,电流分辨能力更好,仪器测量稳定性更佳。进一步通过统计比较施加电压值的实际值和标准偏差,结果显示该仪器施加电压误差小,其仪器施加电压标准偏差仅为施加电压变化量(10 mV)的0.14%。同时,通过Aerolysin纳米孔道检测Poly(dA)₄的实验,对比Cube仪器和...     

纳米孔道单分子电化学测量的低噪音控温系统研究

纳米孔道检测技术是一种利用单个分子测量界面实现在单分子水平上测量DNA、RNA、蛋白、多肽等生物分子的高灵敏的单分子检测技术. 由于单个分子与纳米孔道的相互作用受热力学控制,亟需精准控制纳米孔道单分子分析的实验温度. 因此,本文研制了一种低噪音控温系统用于具有皮安级电流分辨的纳米孔道单分子实验,以实现精确调控测量时的环境温度. 该系统利用半导体制冷片的热电效应对检测池环境加热/制冷,通过对高精度热敏电阻进行电磁屏蔽以实现在温度反馈的同时避免噪音的引入. 利用比例-积分-微分算法进行控制,达到高精度快速控温的要求. 该系统控温精度为±1 °C,无额外噪音引入至超灵敏纳米孔道单分子测量,获得了25 °C到5 °C下Poly(dA)5与单个气单胞菌溶素（Aerolysin）分子界面间作用产生信号的差异,应用于研究单分子与纳米孔道相互作用的热力学行为.     

用于纳米孔道分析的四通道电化学传感器设计与仿真

纳米孔道技术是一种基于空间限域的超灵敏的单分子分析技术.通过研究单个分子限域于纳米孔道中所产生的离子电流的变化,可在单分子尺度上获取其结构、尺寸、电性及与孔道间弱相互作用的信息.目前主要应用的纳米孔道测量仪器单次实验仅能测量单个纳米孔道,其检测通量较低.本文基于实验室前期自主设计研制的单通道纳米孔道测量仪器Cube-D2上,比较研究了两种互阻放大器的测量特性,从而选择了合适的测量电路设计了四通道电化学传感器放大电路.进一步通过仿真验证了四通道电化学传感器设计方案的可行性,为阵列化高通量纳米孔道单分子电化学测量仪器的设计提供了理论基础.     

单分子毛细管电泳

对室温下液流中的单分子光学检测技术的基本原理、主要方法以及它在生物学中的应用做了综述。重点强调了毛细管电泳与单分子检测相结合-单分子毛细管电泳在分析科学中战略上的重要性，并展望了单分子光学检测技术为特征的单分子毛细管电泳在分析化学中的应用前景。     

Aerolysin纳米孔道对寡聚核苷酸的高灵敏单分子检测

自纳米孔道单分子电化学技术提出以来,为了构建性能良好的纳米孔道,研究人员一直在寻找不同的孔道材料. 本研究探索了Aerolysin生物纳米孔道在寡聚核苷酸检测方面的可能性. 实验结果表明,与常用的α-溶血素纳米孔道相比,Aerolysin纳米孔道在寡聚核苷酸检测方面表现出更强的空间和时间分辨能力. 三个碱基长度的寡聚核苷酸可对Aerolysin纳米孔道造成约为40%的电流阻断. 阻断时间表现出电压相关性,随电压的升高而减小. 与其他生物纳米孔道相比,Aerolysin纳米孔道无需任何基因突变、化学修饰即可实现对单个寡聚核苷酸的超灵敏分析. 未来,Aerolysin纳米孔道将有可能应用于DNA损伤检测、microRNA分析以及其他基于纳米孔道的单分子分析检测.     

Aerolysin蛋白纳米孔道直接检测单个DNA碱基修饰

基于Aerolysin生物膜通道蛋白的纳米孔道电化学分析技术,因其高的电化学空间限域能力可实现超灵敏DNA单分子检测。本文利用单个Aerolysin纳米孔道在无需标记、无需扩增的条件下直接分辨3种具有单个碱基差异的单链DNA。实验结果显示,具有单个炔基侧链基团修饰的单个ss DNA在限域空间内与Aerol-ysin纳米孔道的相互作用时间较未修饰的ss DNA增长近7倍,电流阻断程度增大7%,且高斯峰半峰宽减小了44%,增强了Aerolysin纳米孔道对单个DNA分子的分辨能力。研究成果有望推动Aerolysin纳米孔在DNA直接测序及表观遗传修饰检测中的应用。     

纳米孔道单分子检测结直肠癌MicroRNAs

MicroRNA（miRNA）可用于癌症的早期诊断、预后判断,其分析检测具有重要临床意义.结直肠癌的发生、发展与miRNA 21、miRNA 92等的异常表达明显相关.本研究设计了以poly（dT）_n为引导链的DNA探针（probe）并尝试使用α-溶血素（α-HL）纳米孔道单分子检测方法检测结直肠癌miRNAs.miRNA·probe复合物分子穿过α-HL纳米孔道限域空间时,由于probe链长、序列不同导致probe-α-HL相互作用不同,miRNA 92·probe 92、miRNA 21·probe 21、miRNA 16·probe 16输出为形态、阻断时间不同的多台阶特征信号,实现了三种miRNAs的有效区分.实验证明,此方法可以用于检测血清实际样品.因此,未来有望使用α-HL构建miRNA超灵敏单分子生物传感器.     

单个体矢量性特征的固体纳米孔道分析研究

固体纳米孔道作为一种高灵敏的单分子检测技术,由于其机械强度高、尺寸可控、易于阵列化集成等方面的显著优势,已经被广泛应用于DNA,蛋白质以及聚合物等小分子的检测.具有矢量性特征的各向异性单个体在纳米孔道中的穿孔行为对具有空间限域效应的纳米孔道离子流特征信号具有显著影响.为解析单个体矢量性特征对纳米孔道分析的影响,本工作利用氮化硅固态纳米孔道,以单个纳米金棒为各向异性的单个体模型,实时观测了其在孔道中的迁移行为.研究发现当纳米金棒穿过纳米孔道时,产生两种不同阻断程度的特征电流信号,通过对电流信号事件的解析,实时获取了具有矢量特征的金棒所导致的两种特征过孔事件;进一步,建立了离子电流模型,分别对这两种各向异性的穿孔事件机制进行了验证.     

Aerolysin单分子界面的构建及高选择性单分子检测

提出了一种基于Aerolysin膜蛋白质分子构建单分子界面的方法, 运用蛋白质工程技术对单分子界面进行定点修饰, 所建立方法灵活、 可控且重复性好. 采用Poly(dA)₄为探针分子对修饰后的单分子界面进行了表征, 结果表明, 在孔口处的Arginine修饰影响了寡聚核苷酸的选择性. 为进一步理解Aerolysin单分子界面及合理设计功能性单分子界面提供了参考.     

Flavonoid separation by capillary electrophoresis. Effect of temperature and pH

Summary The use of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of selected flavonols present in fruit juices and wines (kaempferol-3- rutinoside, rutin, avicularin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin) was explored, and the effect of pH and temperature on the separation studied. The method had good reproducibility and analyses were carried out in less than 10 minutes.     

Flavonoid separation by capillary electrophoresis. Effect of temperature and pH

Summary The use of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of selected flavonols present in fruit juices and wines (kaempferol-3-rutinoside, rutin, avicularin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin) was explored, and the effect of pH and temperature on the separation studied. The method had good reproducibility and analyses were carried out in less than 10 minutes.     

Temperature effects in capillary electrophoresis. 1: Internal capillary temperature and effect upon performance

Summary In isothermal CE the migration velocity of analytes and the number of theoretical plates delivered are expected to be proportional to the field strength. In reality ohmic heating of the capillary causes distortions: the migration velocity increases more rapidly while the plate count increases less rapidly, and may even fall at high values of the field. These distortions are worse the larger the bore of the capillary and the higher the concentration of buffer. A detailed investigation of these effects using capillaries cooled by natural convection has confirmed that self heating of the capillary is indeed largely responsible. The extent of self heating has been determined by three independent methods and to a first approximation is proportional to the power dissipation in the capillary. Decreasing viscosity with temperature is responsible for the nonlinearity of the dependence of velocity upon field strength while increase in the diffusion coefficient of analytes is responsible for the poorer than expected performance at high field strengths.     

Temperature effects in capillary electrophoresis 2: Some theoretical calculations and predictions

Summary The dependence of the temperature excess, , in the capillary bore on the applied power, EI, is considered for both natural and forced convective cooling, using classical heat equations. The dependence of on EI is found to be linear for forced convection but not for natural convection. Use of forced convective cooling and capillaries of large outer diameter reduces . Direct comparison of the performance of different systems can be achieved by consideration of . Column performance is ultimately limited by thermal gradients across the capillary bore.     

A 30 nm Nanopore Electrode: Facile Fabrication and Direct Insights into the Intrinsic Feature of Single Nanoparticle Collisions

Clarifying the hidden but intrinsic feature of single nanoparticles by nanoelectrochemistry could help understand its potential for diverse applications. The uncontrolled interface and bandwidth limitation in the electrochemical measurement put the obstacle in single particle collision. Here, we demonstrate a well‐defined 30 nm nanopore electrode with a rapid chemical‐electrochemical fabrication method which provides a high reproducibility in both size and performance. A capacitance‐based detection mechanism is demonstrated to achieve a high current resolution of 0.6 pA ±0.1 pA (RMS) and a high the temporal resolution of 0.01 ms. By utilizing this electrode, the dynamic interactions of every single particle in the mixture could be directly read during the collision process. The collision frequency is two orders of magnitude higher than previous reports, which helps reveal the hidden features of nanoparticles during the complex and multidimensional interaction processes.     

Theoretical study on the translocation of partially charged polymers through nanopore

The translocation time τ of partially charged polymers through a neutral nanopore is calculated using Fokker–Planck equation with adsorbing–adsorbing boundary conditions. For the polymer with one charged monomer, we find that τ is dependent on the position of the charged monomer and on the magnitude of the driving force f inside the nanopore. When the charge is located at the front half of the polymer chain, τ is larger than that of neutral polymer and increases with f. When the charge is located at the back half, it is smaller than that of the neutral polymer and decreases with increasing f. We have also studied the behavior of a symmetrical polymer with two like charges located symmetrically in the chain and that of an asymmetrical polymer with two unlike charges. Moreover, we have calculated the translocation time for a general condition of polymer with two randomly distributed charges. All results show that τ is dependent on the positions of charges in the polymer chain and on the magnitude of the driving force. The results can be explained qualitatively by the free‐energy landscape of polymer translocation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55, 1017–1025