基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术的血瘀模型大鼠血浆代谢组学分析

采用盐酸肾上腺素加冰水浴建立急性血瘀大鼠模型，使用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF/MS）检测空白对照组与血瘀模型组中血浆代谢物，用主成分分析（PCA）、有监督偏最小二乘法判别分析（PLS-DA）及正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）对代谢组学数据进行多维统计分析，筛选潜在生物标志物。与对照组相比，在血瘀模型组大鼠血浆中检测出46个差异代谢物，血瘀模型组中乙酰胆碱、N6，N6，N6-三甲基-L-赖氨酸、胞嘧啶、乙酰肉碱等21个代谢物显著上调，吲哚丙酸、LysoPC（14：0）等25个代谢物显著下调，可能与脂质代谢、半乳糖代谢、亚油酸代谢、不饱和脂肪酸生物合成、糖酵解、花生四烯酸代谢等通路有关。代谢产物可作为血瘀证研究中的重要标记物，该研究结果有助于揭示血瘀证的发病机制，可为临床血瘀疾病的诊断及选用药物治疗提供思路，为后续治疗手段提供参考依据。     

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱的结直肠腺瘤患者血清代谢组学研究

采用超高效液相色谱－四极杆－静电场轨道阱质谱结合主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘判别分析对46例结直肠腺瘤患者（年龄57.8 ± 10.7岁）和45例健康人（年龄54.4 ± 8.2岁）的血清样本进行分析,通过变量权重投影分析和火山图筛选结直肠腺瘤患者血清中的代谢标志物,利用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）验证代谢标志物的诊断能力。结果表明,两组血清的代谢轮廓有显著差异,筛选并鉴定了20个生物标志物,涉及缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸合成,花生四烯酸代谢、α-亚麻酸代谢、亚油酸代谢、氨酰-tRNA合成、鞘脂代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、色氨酸代谢,其生物标志物16-羟基棕榈酸、花生四烯酸、肌酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、色氨酸、α-亚麻酸、牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸、LysoPC（20∶3）的ROC曲线面积（AUC）均大于0.90,特异性与灵敏度较高,对于结直肠腺瘤筛查具有较高的诊断价值和临床应用潜力。研究结果可为基于代谢组学的结直肠腺瘤筛查提供参考资料。     

基于人工智能技术的烟气暴露大鼠代谢生物标志物筛选方法研究

该研究将主成分分析、偏最小二乘判别分析等多元统计分析方法用于烟草血浆、尿液和肺组织代谢组学数据的分析,以揭示暴露于不同烟气中大鼠血浆、尿液和肺组织中内源性生物标志物的整体变化情况,筛选潜在生物标志物;将血样、尿样和肺组织代谢轮廓谱分析得到的生物标志物进行整合,运用神经模糊网络模型对标志物进行缩减,并用人工神经网络评价模型预测能力,确定烟气暴露不同时间(7,14,30 d)以及不同烟气暴露对大鼠内源性代谢物变化影响"因果效应"密切相关的关键生物标志物群,明确不同烟气对大鼠机体损伤机制的异同。     

基于超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用技术的桑黄干预后大鼠尿液代谢组学分析

为探讨服用桑黄水煎液对机体的影响,采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱（UPLC-HDMS）联用技术,检测灌胃给予桑黄水煎液后大鼠尿液中代谢物的变化。采用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）对空白组和给药组大鼠尿液代谢物进行聚类分析,筛选出潜在的生物标志物,并通过MetaboAnalyst 3.0网站分析相关代谢通路。数据显示,两组大鼠尿液中的代谢物在第28天得到了很好的区分,发现并鉴定了10个生物标记物。灌胃给予桑黄水煎液主要对机体的半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、嘌呤代谢等代谢通路产生影响。研究结果为深入探讨桑黄药效作用机制奠定了一定的实验基础。     

液相色谱-质谱联用系统在肝硬化不同阶段代谢轮廓研究中的应用

采用高效液相色谱-轨道离子阱质谱联用(HPLC-LTQ Orbitrap XL MS)代谢组学研究平台分析不同阶段肝硬化病人和健康人群的血清标本,获取代谢轮廓。采用模式识别方法结合非参数检验对数据进行分析。研究发现,由肝硬化A级组、B级组、C级组和健康对照组的代谢轮廓构建的正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型(R2（Y）=90.1%, Q2=66.7%),对检测组数据的预测准确率达到93.8%,具有很好的判别能力。从代谢轮廓中可以鉴别出用于区分不同疾病阶段的特异性代谢标志物,如溶血磷脂酰胆碱、甘氨鹅去氧胆酸、半胱氨酸、甘氨酸、氨基己二酸、哌可酸等。研究结果表明: 利用代谢组学方法获得的血清代谢轮廓可以用来构建区分模型和寻找代谢标志物,为乙肝肝硬化的诊断和监测提供支持和依据。     

硫酸氧钒毒性的核磁共振代谢组学方法研究

采用基于核磁共振(NMR)的代谢组学方法,结合生化指标分析及组织病理学检测,研究了具有类胰岛素活性的硫酸氧钒(VOSO4)对Wistar大鼠的毒性作用.通过不同剂量的VOSO4对Wistar大鼠连续灌胃给药16d,收集大鼠的血清和尿液,并采集样品的1H NMR谱进行多变量数据统计分析来辨识其特征代谢物,然后采用TICL(a web Tool for automatic Interpretation of Compound List)方法建立特征代谢物的代谢网络模型,分析受影响的主要代谢途径及其相互关系.研究结果表明:高剂量组(45mg/kg)和低剂量组(15mg/kg)的特征代谢物含量与对照组存在明显的差异;与对照组相比,高剂量和低剂量组血清中乳酸、肌氨酸酐以及牛磺酸等代谢物的含量增加,尿液中氧化三甲胺(TMAO)、肌酐、牛磺酸和甘氨酸等代谢物的含量增加,并呈现显著的剂量依赖关系;给药组中乙酸和琥珀酸的含量都降低.这些结果说明VOSO4可能影响大鼠体内的糖代谢、脂类代谢及肠道菌群代谢等多个代谢系统,高剂量的VOSO4会导致肝脏毒性和肾脏损伤.     

核磁共振技术测试不同性别大鼠尿液代谢物的研究

采用核磁共振波谱技术测试不同性别大鼠尿液代谢物,分析性别因素对大鼠尿液代谢成分的影响.大鼠尿液核磁共振氢谱（1HNMR谱）结果采用主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）和正交偏最小二乘判别分析（orthogonal to partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA）方法分析,得到不同性别大鼠尿液中的差异性代谢物.PCA分析结果显示2组尿液代谢成分有明显的差异,进一步进行OPLS-DA分析可以判别出2组尿液中具有差异性的代谢物.结果显示,雌性大鼠尿液中的丙氨酸、缬氨酸、鸟氨酸等氨基酸类以及乙酸、硫胺、氨基马尿酸、苯乙胺、氧氨嘧啶等代谢物含量高于雄性大鼠,差异有统计学意义（p〈0.05）.雄性大鼠尿液中的甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、肌酸酐、尿囊素、延胡索酸、甲酸等代谢物则明显高于雌性大鼠,差异有统计学意义（p〈0.05）.性别因素对大鼠尿液中的代谢成分有一定的影响.     

松花粉干预卵巢早衰大鼠肝脏的广泛靶向代谢组学分析

卵巢早衰是妇科领域的常见病,中医认为卵巢早衰与肝肾的正常与否息息相关,通过药食两用物质对肝脏代谢的调理是治疗卵巢早衰的一种重要手段。该研究基于超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)建立的广泛靶向代谢组学技术,探讨破壁松花粉对环磷酰胺诱导的卵巢早衰模型大鼠肝脏代谢的影响,旨在通过测定对照组、模型组、雌激素阳性对照组及施以不同剂量的松花粉干预组的SD大鼠肝脏组织中代谢物的含量变化,结合主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)等多元统计方法揭示松花粉干预卵巢早衰大鼠肝脏代谢的作用机制。通过正、负离子模式共检测出687种肝脏代谢物,PCA与OPLS-DA显示环磷酰胺诱导的模型组能够与对照组、阳性对照组、松花粉干预组等组别之间的代谢物较好的分离。通过单变量分析中的t检验(p<0.05)、变异倍数(FC>2或<0.5)与多变量分析中变量投影重要性(VIP值)>1相结合对差异代谢物进行筛选。与对照组相比,模型组SD大鼠肝脏中的32个生物标志物含量显著升高,28个生物标志物含量显著降低,主要涉及α-亚麻酸代谢、维生素B6代谢、嘌呤代谢、赖...     

基于液质联用技术的高脂血症金黄地鼠肝脏非靶标代谢组学研究

采用液相色谱－飞行时间质谱联用技术（LC－TOF MS）对高脂血症金黄地鼠的肝匀浆液进行代谢谱 分析,并利用模式识别挖掘潜在生物标志物以探索发病机制。采用反相色谱（RPLC）和亲水作用色谱（HILIC） 两种模式分离肝匀浆液中的内源性代谢产物。采用偏最小二乘法判别分析（PLS－DA）进行数据分析,结合标 准品与数据库比对、二级质谱裂解规律对内源性成分进行定性分析。结果显示,模型组和对照组在RPLC和 HILIC两种分离模式下均有良好的区分。与对照组相比,在高脂血症组的金黄地鼠肝脏中鉴定出16种差异代 谢物,其涉及的主要代谢途径为嘌呤代谢、磷脂酰胆碱代谢、鞘脂代谢和赖氨酸代谢等。这些异常的内源性 成分及其生物代谢途径可为了解高脂血症金黄地鼠肝脏发病机制提供依据。     

黄芪黄酮干预脾虚水湿不化大鼠血浆代谢组学研究

采用高效液相色谱结合飞行时间质谱检测正常大鼠、脾虚水湿不化证大鼠及黄芪黄酮组分干预后大鼠血浆内源性代谢物变化,获取大鼠血浆代谢图谱,研究黄芪黄酮组分干预脾虚水湿不化证的作用机制.采用高脂低蛋白饮食加负重游泳力竭建立脾虚水湿不化证大鼠模型,选择Halo C18色谱柱,流动相为0.05％甲酸-水与0.05％甲酸-乙腈,梯度洗脱,利用液相色谱-串联质谱分析测定大鼠血浆样品.利用主成分分析法对造模前后大鼠血浆样本进行代谢轮廓分析,结合变量投影重要性及显著性分析等筛选对分组贡献最大的差异标志物及相关通路,阐明药物的作用机制.结果表明, 黄芪黄酮组代谢轮廓异于模型组,而接近于正常组,共鉴定出了包含甘油磷脂类、鞘酯类、氨基酸类等在内的11种潜在生物标志物,其代谢通路包括三羧酸循环、甘油磷脂代谢、脂肪酸代谢及氨基酸代谢等,主要涉及体内能量代谢和脂肪代谢.黄芪黄酮干预脾虚水湿不化证大鼠后, 宏观指标(如体重、自主活动)和微观指标(如代谢标志物、血脂)均明显回调,表明黄芪黄酮可能主要通过调节能量代谢、脂肪代谢等途径而发挥健脾利水作用.     

Metabonomics Study of Heart Homogenates from Myocardial Infarction Rats Using Liquid Chromatography/Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

In this study, a metabonomics analysis of heart homogenates from myocardial ischemic rats was performed by LC–TOF–MS. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) was used to separate the endogenous metabolites in heart homogenates. Partial least squares to latent structure-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used for data analysis. Good separations were observed between the normal and model groups and 15 potential biomarkers were identified. The major disturbed metabolic pathways were purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, urea cycle, and energy metabolism. The results demonstrated that a metabonomics approach based on HILIC-MS was useful for studying metabolic mechanism on target tissue of the myocardial infarction rat.

     

Urinary biomarker and treatment mechanism of Rhizoma Alismatis on hyperlipidemia

Rhizoma Alismatis (RA), a diuretic in Asia and Europe, was found to possess anti‐hyperlipidemic activity. Since the biomarkers and mechanisms of RA in the treatment of hyperlipidemia are inadequate, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight synapt high‐definition mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis were employed to investigate the urinary metabolomics of RA on hyperlipidemic rats induced by high‐fat diet. The metabolic profile of RA‐treated hyperlipidemic group located between control and diet‐induced hyperlipidemic groups. Nineteen metabolites with significant fluctuations were identified as potential biomarkers related to the hyperlipidemia and anti‐hyperlipidemia of RA using partial least‐squares‐discriminate analysis, heatmap analysis and correlation coefficient analysis. The fluctuations of these biomarkers represented disturbances in amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism and energy metabolism. After RA treatment, these perturbed metabolites were restored to normal or nearly normal levels. RA can alleviate high‐fat diet‐induced dysfunctions in these metabolic pathways.     

LC Coupled with TOFMS for Metabonomics Study of Mini-pigs with Atherosclerosis

In this study, serum metabolic profiles of mini-pigs with atherosclerosis (AS) were analyzed by LC–TOFMS. Partial least-squares to latent structure-discriminant analysis and orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis were used for group differentiation and selection of potential biomarkers. The mini-pig disease models were constructed by feeding a high-fat diet and inducing coronary injury, in accordance with the mechanism of AS pathogenesis. To characterize the development of AS, serum samples were collected and analyzed at two time points (two and ten weeks). Separate distinct clustering of results from normal and model mini-pigs could be observed for both the two and ten-week samples. With the development of AS, the metabolism of the model mini-pigs was more substantially disturbed. Major metabolites contributing to the discrimination were fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholines, and bile acids. These potential biomarkers are related with inflammation, oxidative stress, and abnormal lipid and energy metabolism.

     

Raman and UV-Vis Spectroscopy Applied to the Analysis of Liver Tissues from Rats with Myocardial Ischemia Induced by Isoproterenol

The application of the laser Raman spectroscopic(LRS) technique for the analysis of liver tissues from rats with myocardial ischemia induced by isoproterenol(ISO) was described.Animal model of myocardial ischemia was established for rats induced by ISO.Rats were randomly divided into four groups as normal group and myocardial ischemia groups.We observed the successful myocardial ischemia model via serum enzymes levels and hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining,and detected the liver tissue of the rats from normal g...     

Comprehensive metabonomic analysis of heart tissue from isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction rat based on reversed‐phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

We aim to describe the metabonomic characteristics of myocardial infarction rats. High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was utilized to develop a metabonomic method of the heart homogenates of myocardial infarction rats. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography allows the analysis of high polar metabolites, providing complementary information to reversed‐phase liquid chromatography. We combined reversed phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatographic separations to analyze 18 samples, ten from myocardial infarction rat hearts and eight from normal rat hearts. A total of 16 potential biomarkers in rat heart tissue were screened out, primarily related to oxidative stress, nitric oxide damage, taurine, and hypotaurine metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. This research showed that a comprehensive metabonomic study is a useful tool to reveal the underlying mechanism of myocardial infarction.     

Serum metabolomics study of patients with allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) negatively affects the healthy lives of many individuals. Most previous studies on AR focused on the expression of cytokines, with only a few analyzing cytokine expression from a metabolomics viewpoint. Therefore, it is worthwhile to study AR at the metabolic level. Consequently, we aimed to identify differential serum biomarkers by metabolomics. In this study, the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model was applied to characterize the differences in serum samples collected from patients with AR and healthy volunteers. Ten metabolites (except hexadecanoic acid) were found to be altered significantly (p < .05) in the former group, according to results of principal component analysis and OPLS-DA, indicating that these metabolites could be potential biomarkers. MetaboAnalyst 4.0 and pathway enrichment analysis showed that these changes in metabolites mainly involved three pathways, namely, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and purine metabolism. Our findings may contribute to a better understanding of the potential pathogenesis mechanisms and provide a metabolic evidence for in-depth studies of AR.     

Nontargeted urine metabolomics analysis of the protective and therapeutic effects of Citri Reticulatae Chachiensis Pericarpium on high-fat feed-induced hyperlipidemia in rats

In this study, we focused on studying the changes in urine metabolites in hyperlipidemic rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometry (UPLC–Q-TOF/MS) and metabolomics, as well as the effect of Citri Reticulatae Chachiensis Pericarpium (CRCP) on hyperlipidemia. These urine samples were examined by UPLC–Q-TOF/MS to obtain MS data. The MS data were analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis to identify the differential metabolites. CRCP reduced the body weight and levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and abnormally decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in hyperlipidemic rats, which were significantly raised by a high-fat diet. Twenty-seven potential biomarkers were identified within the complex sample matrix of urine. Fourteen biomarkers increased in the hyperlipidemia rats compared with normal rats. Meanwhile, 13 biomarkers decreased. CRCP reversed abnormal changes in biomarkers, including 5-l -glutamyl-taurine, 5-aminopentanoic acid, cis-4-octenedioic acid and 2-octenedioic acid. These biomarkers show that hyperlipidemia is related to the metabolic pathways of taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis , and arginine and proline metabolism . CRCP mainly prevents hyperlipidemia by intervening in these metabolic pathways.     

Metabolomics approach based on utra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with chemometrics methods for high-throughput analysis of metabolite biomarkers to explore the abnormal metabolic pathways associated with myocardial dysfunction

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabolomics can been used for discovery of metabolite biomarkers to explore the metabolic pathway of diseases. Identification of metabolic pathways is key to understanding the pathogenesis and mechanism of disease. Myocardial dysfunction induced by sepsis (SMD) is a severe complication of septic shock and represents major causes of death in intensive care units; however its pathological mechanism is still not clear. In this study, ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry-based metabolomics with chemometrics anaylsis and multivariate pattern recognition analysis were used to detect urinary metabolic profile changes in a lipopolysaccharide-induced SMD mouse model. Multivariate statistical analysis including principal component analysis and orthogonapartial least squares discriminant analysis for the discrimination of SMD was conducted to identify potential biomarkers. A total of 19 differential metabolites were discovered by high-resolution mass spectrometry-based urinary metabolomics strategy. The altered biochemical pathways based on these metabolites showed that tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, ubiquinone biosynthesis and vitamin B6 metabolism were closely connected to the pathological processes of SMD. Consequently, integrated chemometric analyses of these metabolic pathways are necessary to extract information for the discovery of novel insights into the pathogenesis of disease.     

High-throughput lipidomics analysis to discover lipid biomarkers and profiles as potential targets for evaluating efficacy of Kai-Xin-San against APP/PS1 transgenic mice based on UPLC–Q/TOF–MS

Lipid metabolism has a significant function in the central nervous system and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related senile disease characterized by central nerve degeneration. The pathological development of AD is closely related to lipid metabolism disorders. To reveal the influence of Kai-Xin-San (KXS) on lipid metabolism in APP/PSI transgenic mice and potential therapeutic targets for treating AD, brain tissue samples were collected and analyzed by high-throughput lipidomics based on UPLC–Q/TOF-MS. The collected raw data were processed by multivariate data analysis to discover the potential biomarkers and lipid metabolic profiles. Compared with the control wild-type mouse group, nine potential lipid biomarkers were found in the AD model group, of which seven were up-regulated and two were down-regulated. Orally administrated KXS can reverse the changes in these potential biomarkers. Compared with the model group, a total of six differential metabolites showed a recovery trend and may be potential targets for KXS to treat AD. This study showed that high-throughput lipidomics can be used to discover the perturbed pathways and lipid biomarkers as potential targets to reveal the therapeutic effects of KXS.