化妆品分析样品前处理方法的研究进展

化妆品的广泛使用使其安全性问题受到关注。作为发现安全性问题的首要选择,分析检测技术十分重要。化妆品种类繁多、基质复杂,其样品前处理成为分析检测过程的关键所在。传统样品前处理方法因试剂消耗大、耗时、步骤繁琐等缺点无法满足绿色高效的检测要求,因此发展新的样品前处理技术具有重要意义。该文综述了近5年化妆品分析样品前处理方法及其应用,主要包括相分离方法、场辅助方法和衍生化方法等,并展望了其发展方向。     

化妆品分析样品前处理方法研究进展

作为与人们日常生活紧密相关的消费品之一,化妆品中禁、限用成分的分析检测,对于监控化妆品质量、保证消费者使用安全具有重要的研究意义。由于化妆品基质复杂,基体干扰严重,难以对目标物进行直接检测,因此需要采用样品前处理技术对其进行分离富集。该文综述了近年来的化妆品样品前处理方法,包括消解法、液-液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、液相微萃取技术、微波辅助萃取以及超声波辅助提取等,并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

植物源性食品中多农药残留GC-MS高通量快速检测技术研究进展

植物源性食品基质复杂、农药种类繁多、农药残留限量标准严格,因此建立植物源性食品中多农药残留高通量快速检测技术十分重要。气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术是多农药残留高通量检测领域应用最为广泛的一种技术。然而现阶段植物源性食品中多农药残留GC-MS高通量检测仍存在问题。国内外科研工作者对其进行了大量研究,在现有设备的基础上开发前处理新技术以及复杂信号高通量解析新算法是提高该检测水平的关键。该文对近年来国内外发展的基于GC-MS的植物源性食品中多农药残留高通量快速检测技术及相关文献进行了归纳和总结,重点从适合于不同种类农药提取的新型样品前处理技术、基于“数学分离”的复杂信号高通量解析新算法等方面阐述了植物源性食品中多农药残留高通量快速检测的最新进展,并对其存在的问题提出了相关建议,旨在为食品多农药残留高通量快速检测提供参考。     

高通量蛋白质组学分析研究进展

基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术已经日趋成熟,可以对细胞和组织中的成千上万种蛋白质进行全面的定性和定量分析,逐步实现“深度覆盖”。随着生物医学日益增长的大队列蛋白质组学分析需求,如何在保持较为理想的覆盖深度下实现短时间、快速的“高通量”蛋白质组学分析已成为当前亟需解决的关键问题之一。常规的蛋白质组学分析流程通常包括样品前处理、色谱分离、质谱检测和数据分析。该文从以上4个方面展开介绍近10年以来高通量蛋白质组学分析技术取得的一系列研究进展,主要包括:(1)基于高通量、自动化移液工作站的蛋白质组样品前处理方法;(2)基于微升流速液相色谱与质谱联用的高通量蛋白质组检测方法;(3)利用灵敏度高、扫描速度快的质谱仪实现短色谱梯度分离下蛋白质组深度覆盖的分析方法;(4)基于人工智能、深度神经网络、机器学习等的蛋白质组学大数据分析方法。此外,对高通量蛋白质组学面临的挑战及其发展进行展望。总而言之,预期在不久的将来高通量蛋白质组学技术将会逐步“落地转化”,成为大队列蛋白质组学分析的利器。     

膜分离样品前处理技术

高通量的自动化样品前处理技术正越来越引起分析化学家的关注。综述了常用的膜分离样品前处理技术的原理、影响因素、联用技术及应用。引用文献63篇。     

肽组学样品前处理方法与技术进展

肽组学作为蛋白质组学研究领域的一个重要分支,在生物标志物发现、疾病早期诊断、生物制药等领域有着广阔的应用前景。在肽组学研究过程中,样品前处理是首要环节。本文对肽组学样品前处理方法与技术进行了综述,内容涉及超滤技术、有机溶剂沉淀方法、固相萃取技术等。样品中大量高丰度蛋白质的存在是肽组学发展面临的最大挑战,因此迫切需要发展快速、有效、高通量、自动化的样品前处理方法和技术。     

基于编码微粒的多元与高通量生物分子检测技术研究进展

由于基因组和蛋白质组学的快速发展,生物医学检测、药物发现以及环境监测领域对于大量生物分子的检测提出了多元与高通量的技术需求.而生物分子结合反应是生物分子检测的一个重要基础,微粒技术在编码与识别生物分子结合反应以实现多元生物分子检测方面具有独到的优势,并且可以与高通量样品处理技术相整合,从而满足这一需求.本文主要介绍了多元与高通量生物分子检测技术的发展过程以及最新的微粒编码技术研究进展,同时对该技术的发展方向与面临的问题进行阐述.     

涡流色谱技术在生物样品分析中的应用

生物样品的复杂性使其在进行分析测定前必须经过处理。传统的样品前处理方法(如液-液萃取、固相萃取等)耗时长且操作繁琐。涡流色谱作为在线萃取技术,可以实现生物样品直接进样,减少了样品处理步骤,有效富集纯化了分析物,是一种高通量、高选择性的生物样品前处理方法。为此,本文介绍了涡流色谱技术的原理及优势,并总结了不同涡流柱的特点及其在生物样品分析领域中的应用情况。     

常压电离质谱在公共安全化学毒物检测的应用

常压电离质谱技术(Ambient ionization mass spectrometry,AIMS)以其敞开式环境、简便操作、原位、实时、高通量等优势,成为公共安全化学毒物检测领域的研究热点.该文基于文献计量分析,简要概述了AIMS的分类、发展趋势及其在公共安全化学毒物检测领域的发展现状,重点从检测灵敏度、样品前处理...     

新型纳米材料在食品非靶向分析中的应用研究进展

食品安全关系人民的生命安全。为了更加准确、高效地筛查出食品中的化学危害因子,对食品进行快速、高通量的非靶向分析极其重要。在非靶向分析中,需要通过样品前处理来消除食品中复杂基质的影响,并高效回收、富集化学危害因子。因此,发展合适的样品前处理方法和材料尤为关键。近年来金属有机骨架、共价有机骨架、磁性纳米材料等新型纳米材料在样品前处理中发挥了重要作用。该文主要介绍了近几年用于食品安全非靶向筛查的样品前处理方法,新型纳米材料在样品前处理中的应用及样品前处理技术在非靶向分析中的应用,并展望了未来的发展方向。     

Positive lists of cosmetic ingredients: Analytical methodology for regulatory and safety controls – A review

Cosmetic products placed on the market and their ingredients, must be safe under reasonable conditions of use, in accordance to the current legislation. Therefore, regulated and allowed chemical substances must meet the regulatory criteria to be used as ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products, and adequate analytical methodology is needed to evaluate the degree of compliance. This article reviews the most recent methods (2005–2015) used for the extraction and the analytical determination of the ingredients included in the positive lists of the European Regulation of Cosmetic Products (EC 1223/2009): comprising colorants, preservatives and UV filters. It summarizes the analytical properties of the most relevant analytical methods along with the possibilities of fulfilment of the current regulatory issues. The cosmetic legislation is frequently being updated; consequently, the analytical methodology must be constantly revised and improved to meet safety requirements. The article highlights the most important advances in analytical methodology for cosmetics control, both in relation to the sample pretreatment and extraction and the different instrumental approaches developed to solve this challenge.     

An Overview of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of Organic Ultraviolet Filters in Cosmetic Products and Human Samples

UV filters are a group of compounds commonly used in different cosmetic products to absorb UV radiation. They are classified into a variety of chemical groups, such as benzophenones, salicylates, benzotriazoles, cinnamates, p-aminobenzoates, triazines, camphor derivatives, etc. Different tests have shown that some of these chemicals are absorbed through the skin and metabolised or bioaccumulated. These processes can cause negative health effects, including mutagenic and cancerogenic ones. Due to the absence of official monitoring protocols, there is an increased number of analytical methods that enable the determination of those compounds in cosmetic samples to ensure user safety, as well as in biological fluids and tissues samples, to obtain more information regarding their behaviour in the human body. This review aimed to show and discuss the published studies concerning analytical methods for the determination of organic UV filters in cosmetic and biological samples. It focused on sample preparation, analytical techniques, and analytical performance (limit of detection, accuracy, and repeatability).     

Determination of Phenolic Endocrine Disruptors in Cosmetics by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A, 4-t-octylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol, and 4-n-nonylphenol in cosmetic samples has been developed. These compounds have toxic effects on human health as they have shown to produce endocrine disrupting properties. Therefore, their presence in cosmetics should be avoided according to the current European Regulations on cosmetic products. The method is based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) detection. Standard addition calibration was used to avoid matrix effects. The limits of detection values ranged between 7 and 15?ng?mL^?1 (threefold of the residual standard deviation of regression lines). The proposed method was validated, and good recovery (90–106%) and repeatability values (2.7–8.2%) were obtained. Finally, the method was successfully applied to ten commercially available cosmetic samples. The good analytical features of the proposed method make it useful to carry out the quality control of cosmetic products and raw materials to assure the safety of users.     

热解吸-电晕放电电离-离子迁移谱法现场快速筛查化妆品中5种禁用组分

采用热解吸-电晕放电电离技术结合离子迁移谱，研究建立了化妆品中5种禁用卡因类化合物的现场快速筛查方法。化妆品样品无需前处理步骤，样品轻轻蘸取、滴加或喷雾在采样拭纸上，置于离子源样品槽中，采用热解吸-电晕放电电离技术实现样品中待测物的热解吸和离子化，随后以离子迁移谱进行快速筛查分析。5种卡因类化合物的检出限为10~50 ng，离子迁移谱分析时间小于20 ms，整个样品分析周期不超过1 min。本方法简便、快速、成本低廉，适用于化妆品中卡因类禁用组分的现场快速筛查。     

Determination of methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone in cosmetic products by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Isothiazolinone biocides are broad‐spectrum preservatives that are widely used in cosmetics, household, and industrial products. An increase in the number of cases of allergic contact dermatitis to isothiazolinone preservatives, namely, methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone, have been recently noticed. The Food and Drug Administration relies on analytical methods to quantify levels of use of cosmetic ingredients and support enforcement action against products that are not in compliance with the law. In this study, an efficient ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone in selected cosmetic products. The lower limit of quantitation was determined to be 0.1 μg/g for both preservatives. A survey of 24 cosmetic products was conducted and found concentrations of methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone ranging from not quantified, or below the lower limit of quantitation, to 89.64 μg/g and not quantified to 10.31 μg/g, respectively.     

Determination of preservatives in cosmetic products. I. Thin-layer chromatographic procedure for the identification of preservatives in cosmetic products

A thin-layer chromatographic procedure is presented for the separation and identification of preservatives that are listed in the current EEC Council Directive on cosmetic products or have been permitted in the past. The method consists of an extraction of acidified cosmetics with methanol, separation of the extracts by thin-layer chromatography on aluminium oxide and silica gel-coated plates using one developing solvent, and visualization of the preservatives on the plates using short-wavelength UV light and six detection reagents. The retention behaviour and the detectability of 88 preservatives were investigated, of which 74 were characterized by this method. The preservatives in fourteen commercial cosmetic products were tentatively identified by the procedure described. In general this method will permit the routine detection of preservatives in cosmetics in an approximate concentration of 0.1% (w/w).     

Research Advances in Ambient Ionization and Miniature Mass Spectrometry

The development and applications of ambient ionization and miniature mass spectrometry are current research focus in chemical measurement. The analytical technology based on the combination of ambient ionization and miniature mass spectrometry can bypass chromatographic separation and eliminate or simplify sample pretreatment process. The protocol can reverse the labor-intensive and time-consuming drawbacks of traditional analytical methodologies, and realize rapid, on-site analysis with high sensitivity and high throughput. In this paper, the research progress and applications of ambient ionization and miniature mass spectrometry in the fields of food safety, consumer product safety, public security, life sciences and environmental monitoring, are reviewed, and future trends and prospects are discussed, which may provide technical guidance for the researchers engaged in relevant fields.     

Critical Review on Metal-Based Cosmetic Products

Most people utilize cosmetics to enhance or improve their physical appearance, regardless of their gender, race, or age. Heavy metals (HMs) are impurities or ingredients in many cosmetic products. According to recent studies, these metals can result in a variety of skin and health issues. Numerous studies demonstrate that the mismanaged formulation of such products without sufficient standardization of toxic metals throughout the production process is the primary reason for the high level of HM contamination in the samples. In order to prevent human exposure to such dangerous HMs, it is vital to monitor and manage the fate of HMs in cosmetic items, especially unbranded ones. Due to the wasteful interest of producers in making extra profit, the standards are not being imposed. Moreover, consumers are also ready to compromise with the product due to their unawareness of its hazardous impact on their skin and bodies. Short-term results on their looks may cause fatal effects on their health. Another significant issue that requires attention is the lack of safety regulations in the country for evaluating HMs in cosmetic products. Additionally, there is an urgent need to establish acceptable limits for potential impurities in cosmetic products that must be enforced at local levels. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the content of HMs in cosmetics and their effects on several organs and the site of application.     

固相萃取-离子迁移谱法快速筛查祛痘类化妆品中14种抗菌药物

目前,主动性的现场稽查已成为市场监管的发展趋势,这需要在现场快速有效地筛查大量产品,评估是否含有非法添加化学药物,对有嫌疑的样品及时封存,再送至实验室进一步检验。离子迁移谱技术是近年来发展起来的快筛技术之一。实验采用固相萃取-离子迁移谱技术,建立了祛痘类化妆品中14种抗菌药物的快速筛查方法。对离子迁移谱检测条件、样品提取条件、固相萃取净化条件(固相萃取柱、淋洗液种类、洗脱液种类及体积)进行了详细考察与优化。最终使用80%(体积分数)乙腈水溶液(含0.2%(质量分数)三氯乙酸)作为样品提取溶液,提取后上样于活化后的弱阳离子交换柱(Oasis^® MCX固相萃取柱), 3.0 mL甲醇淋洗,1.0 mL 2%氨水甲醇洗脱,洗脱液直接进离子迁移谱检测。14种抗菌药物的迁移时间在11~17 ms之间,检出限为0.2~1.2 μg/g。同时,由于离子迁移谱法线性范围较窄,不能准确定量,建立了高效液色谱(HPLC)定量方法,用于固相萃取前处理步骤的优化和阳性样品的验证。25批化妆品样品中,筛查出1批阳性样品,与HPLC检测结果相符。该方法快速、简便、高效,显著降低了祛痘类化妆品基质对离子迁移谱检测14种抗菌药物的干扰,提高了检测灵敏度,有效降低了假阳性和假阴性的发生,可用于化妆品现场快速筛查,同时也扩大了离子迁移谱在化妆品等复杂基质中非法添加化学药物检测的应用范围。     

水产品中有害物质分析样品前处理技术研究进展

水产品含有丰富的蛋白、维生素和多种微量元素,是人们摄取动物性蛋白质的重要来源之一,我国是世界上最大的水产品消费国,其质量安全问题一直备受关注。但水产样品基质复杂,有害物质的含量低,须对其进行分离富集后才能进行检测,传统的液-液萃取、固相萃取和快速固相分散萃取等样品前处理技术在水产品分析中得到广泛应用,同时针对一些挥发性和超痕量有害物质检测时,固相微萃取同样体现出巨大优势。这些样品前处理技术可以有效去除基体对分析对象的干扰,提高检测方法的灵敏度和准确度。根据目标分析物性质的不同,选择合适的样品前处理技术,是水产品中有害物质分析的关键步骤。该文以水产品中有害物的来源不同,将其分为3类:(1)水产品中环境污染物的分析;(2)养殖运输和加工过程中有害物的分析;(3)水产品中生物毒素的分析。以这3类有害物质的分析为主线,综述了近10年水产品中有害物质分析的样品前处理技术,包括液-液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、快速固相分散萃取和磁性固相萃取等。此外,还对各种技术的优缺点进行了探讨,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。