蛋白质分子印迹

分子印迹技术是一种新型的高效分离技术，具有空间选择性识别特性。本文介绍了分子印迹技术在蛋白质大分子上的应用和发展，包括蛋白质分子印迹选用的单体和交联剂、印迹方法、印迹机理、蛋白质分子印迹技术的应用以及存在的一些问题。     

表面分子印迹材料和技术在分离分析中的应用进展

复杂体系的高选择性分析对分离新材料和新方法提出了迫切需求。分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）以其特异性高、化学稳定性好、制备简单且成本低等优点,在高选择性分离分析中展现出巨大的应用前景。但以本体聚合为代表的传统合成方法获得的MIPs存在识别位点位于聚合物内部难以识别、模板分子洗脱不彻底、传质速率慢、结合容量低等问题。表面印迹技术制备的核-壳型表面分子印迹材料是解决上述难题的有效途径。通过核体和壳层结构的设计和构建,表面分子印迹材料还可具备多功能、多响应的特性,适于现代分离分析对快速、高效、高选择性的要求。该文主要综述了近几年表面分子印迹技术在样品前处理、化学/生物传感分析及靶向药物递送领域的应用进展。     

分子印迹技术在生化分离分析中的应用

分子印迹聚合物具有高选择性、稳定及实用的特点,在复杂基体中痕量分析物的高选择性分离富集中有着良好的应用前景,近年来在生物样品中的应用尤其引起人们关注.该文分别介绍了分子印迹技术的原理及生物分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,综述了分子印迹技术在氨基酸、生物碱、多肽、蛋白质等生物分离分析中的应用进展.     

分子印迹技术在蛋白质识别中的应用进展

分子印迹技术是一种制备具有分子识别能力的聚合物的有效技术,已经广泛应用于制备对小分子具有选择性的分子印迹聚合物,但制备能够特异性识别生物大分子--蛋白质的分子印迹聚合物的研究仍然具有挑战性。本文讨论了制备蛋白质分子印迹聚合物的难点,评述了目前印迹蛋白质的方法及各自的优缺点,展望了蛋白质印迹技术的发展趋势。     

分子印迹技术在抗生素环境残留分离分析中的应用

环境残留抗生素对环境生态的危害和人类健康的威胁是不可低估的。但由于环境样品的成分非常复杂,而抗生素类物质的含量偏低,造成对其监测的困难。分子印迹技术作为高选择性、高效分离方法用于选择性分离提取环境中抗生素类物质,有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了以抗生素类物质为模板分子的分子印迹聚合物的合成方法及其影响因素,对这类聚合物的特异识别性能进行了总结,并对分子印迹技术结合固相萃取和膜分离技术在环境抗生素分离分析中的应用进行了介绍。     

水相识别分子印迹技术

在各种基于超分子方法的仿生识别体系中,分子印迹聚合物已经证明是一种有潜力的合成受体,受到了广泛的关注。传统的分子印迹技术通常是在有机溶剂中制备对小分子具有选择性的印迹聚合物,而在水相中制备及识别生物大分子的研究仍具有相当的挑战性。从小分子到生物大分子、从有机相到水相,反映了分子印迹技术的发展趋势。本文对最近几年分子印迹在水相制备与识别方面的最新进展进行了总结与评述,探讨了水相识别印迹聚合物的设计策略与制备方法;着重介绍了水相识别技术在固相萃取、色谱固定相、药物控释、中药有效成份提取以及生物分子识别等方面的应用;指出了提高水相识别选择性的途径并对其将来的发展进行了建议与展望。     

铜离子配位的分子印迹聚合物的分子识别特性研究

为了探讨金属配位分子印迹聚合物的识别机理,提高了分子印迹聚合物分离的选择性与亲和性,制备了金属铜离子与2,2‘－联吡啶配合物的分子印迹聚合物,并用平衡吸附法系统研究了分子印迹聚合物对铜（Ⅱ）－2,2‘-联吡啶配合物的识别。证明印迹聚合物对铜（Ⅱ）-2,2‘-联吡啶具有选择性识别能力,Scatchard分析显示在聚合物中存在两类不同的结合位点,求得结合位点的离解常数和最大结合量,并研究了识别过程的动力学。结果表明金属配位分子印迹聚合物有较高的特异性识别能力和较快的动力学结合过程。     

分子印迹溶胶-凝胶材料的制备及应用

分子印迹技术是制备对特定分子具有选择性识别的聚合物的技术。分子印迹技术与溶胶-凝胶过程相结合,可设计多孔无机主体,增强分子识别能力,并具有极好的热稳定性和水解稳定性。改变溶胶-凝胶过程的条件,可制备具有最佳孔隙率和表面积,并用于分离复杂的混合物、选择性吸附富集模板分子(或目标分子)、催化、微合成器应用的分子印迹溶胶-凝胶材料。综述了溶胶．凝胶技术和分子印迹技术的特点,分子印迹溶胶-凝胶技术和分子印迹溶胶．凝胶材料的概念、基本原理、制备方法及应用。     

壳聚糖包裹硅胶载体印迹牛血红蛋白的研究

用壳聚糖包裹的硅胶为载体, 利用壳聚糖表面的氨基与戊二醛结合, 在硅胶表面引入醛基, 固定模板蛋白(牛血红蛋白). 用溶胶-凝胶过程再次包裹固定蛋白质的载体, 洗去模板蛋白后, 得到具有选择性识别的牛血红蛋白分子印迹聚合物. 用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和元素分析对聚合物进行了表征, 结果表明, 载体表面成功地接枝了分子印迹聚合物. 选择性吸附实验结果表明, 分子印迹聚合物具有良好的识别性能, 能实现水溶液中牛血红蛋白的富集.     

分子印迹聚合物的设计合成

分子印迹法是制备对特定分子（印迹分子）具有识别选择性的聚合物的技术,近年来,分子印迹法制得的聚合物在分离,分析,免疫测定,催化、模拟酶及生物传感器等方面的应用引起人们的广泛关系。本文介绍了分子印迹技术的基本原理,对分子印迹聚合物合成研究的最新进展进行了综述,评述了各种制备方法的优缺点,拽出了合成技术未来的发展方向。     

State‐of‐the‐art applications of cyclodextrins as functional monomers in molecular imprinting techniques: a review

As a versatile tool in separation science, cyclodextrins and their derivatives, known as emerging functional monomers, have been used extensively in molecular imprinting techniques. The attributes of cyclodextrins and their derivatives are widely known to form host–guest inclusion complex processes between the polymer and template. The exploitation of the imprinting technique could produce a product of molecularly imprinted polymers, which are very robust with long‐term stability, reliability, cost‐efficiency, and selectivity. Hence, molecularly imprinted polymers have gained popularity in chemical separation and analysis. Molecularly imprinted polymers containing either cyclodextrin or its derivatives demonstrate superior binding effects for a target molecule. As noted in the previous studies, the functional monomers of cyclodextrins and their derivatives have been used in molecular imprinting for selective separation with a wide range of chemical compounds, including steroidals, amino acids, polysaccharides, drugs, plant hormones, proteins, pesticides, and plastic additives. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to illustrate the exotic applications of imprinting techniques employing cyclodextrins and their derivatives as single or binary functional monomers in synthesizing molecularly imprinted polymers in areas of separation science by reviewing some of the latest studies reported in the literature.     

Molecularly imprinted monoliths: Recent advances in the selective recognition of biomacromolecules related biomarkers

Biomarkers are significant indicators to assist the early diagnosis of diseases and assess the therapeutic response. However, due to the low abundance of biomarkers in complex biological fluids, it is highly desirable to explore efficient techniques to attain their selective recognition and capture before the detection. Molecularly imprinted monoliths integrate the high selectivity of imprinted polymers and the rapid convective mass transport of monoliths, and as a result, are promising candidates to achieve the specific enrichment of biomarkers from complex samples. This review summarizes the various imprinting approaches for the preparation of molecularly imprinted monoliths. The state-of-art advances as an effective platform for applications in the selective capture of biomacromolecules related biomarkers were also outlined.     

分子印迹技术在样品前处理中的应用

分子印迹聚合物具有选择性高、稳定性好及制备简单的特点,可用于生物、医药、环境样品等复杂基体中痕量分析物的高选择性分离与富集,因此在样品前处理中的应用特别引人关注.本文介绍了分子印迹技术的基本原理,综述了分子印迹技术在样品前处理中应用的研究进展.     

One‐step preparation of magnetic imprinted nanoparticles adopting dopamine‐cupric ion as a co‐monomer for the specific recognition of bovine hemoglobin

A novel magnetic core–shell polydopamine–cupric ion complex imprinted polymer was prepared in one‐step through surface imprinting technology, which could specifically recognize bovine hemoglobin from the real blood samples. The polymerization conditions and adsorption performance of the resultant nanomaterials were investigated in detail. The results showed that the cupric ion played an important role in the recognition of template proteins. The saturating adsorption capacity of this kind of imprinted polymers was 2.23 times greater than those of imprinted polymers without cupric ion. The imprinting factor of the imprinted materials was as high as 4.23 for the template molecule. The selective separation bovine hemoglobin from the real blood sample is successfully applied. In addition, the prepared materials had excellent stability and no obvious deterioration after five adsorption–regeneration cycles. Easy preparation, rapid separation, high binding capacity and satisfactory selectivity for the template protein make this polymer attractive in the separation of high‐abundance proteins.     

基于银增强金标记物的阳极溶出伏安免疫分析用于补体第三成分的测定

分子印迹是制备对特定分子具有专一性结合能力的聚合物的技术,所制备的聚合物被称为分子印迹聚合物（Molecularly imprinted polymers,MIPs）,此类聚合物在分离提纯、模拟酶和传感器等方面均显示出广阔的应用前景,迄今,小分子化合物的印迹技术已经十分成熟。     

表面分子印迹聚合物纳米线用于蛋白质的特异性识别

手性配体交换色谱是拆分手性化合物,特别是氨基酸和羟基酸对映体的一种有效方法,通常以光活性氨基酸或其衍生物为手性选择子,可通过键合及涂渍制备手性固定相,也可作为流动相添加剂来实现手性配体交换色谱分离分析,配体交换键合固定相需要完成载体和手性选择子之间的偶联,键合量因受到载体和制备条件的影响而较难控制,且柱效较低。     

分子印迹水相分离技术及其在分析化学中的应用

分子印迹分离技术通过模拟抗体-抗原相互作用原理,专一地与目标分子互补性结合,从而将目标分子与杂质分离,是一种非常具有发展前景的分离技术。传统的分子印迹技术通常是在有机相中制备对印迹分子具有选择性的印迹聚合物,然而分子印迹技术的实际应用环境大多是水相体系。近年来,分子印迹水相分离技术受到了科学工作者的广泛关注。本文分别从以下几个方面总结了分子印迹水相分离技术的最新研究进展:水相中分子印迹聚合物的设计原理与合成方法;印迹聚合物在水相中的作用机制;印迹水相分离技术在分析化学中的应用。最后讨论了该项技术现存的问题,并对其未来发展进行了展望。     

Preconcentration of copper on ion-selective imprinted polymer microbeads

Molecular recognition-based separation techniques have received much attention in various fields because of their high selectivity for target molecules. Molecular imprinting has been recognized as a promising technique for the preparation of such systems. In this study, we have prepared a novel molecular imprinted adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions with high selectivity. The Cu(II)-imprinted poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate–methacryloylamidohistidine/Cu(II)) (poly(EGDMA–MAH/Cu(II))) microbeads with an average size of 150–200 μm were prepared by dispersion polymerization. These Cu(II) imprinted microbeads were used in the adsorption–desorption of copper(II) ions from metal solutions. Adsorption equilibria was achieved in about 1 h. The maximum adsorption of Cu(II) ions onto imprinted microbeads was about 48 mg/g. The pH significantly affected the adsorption capacity of imprinted microbeads. The observed adsorption order under competitive conditions was Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Ni(II) > Co(II) in mass basis. The imprinted microbeads can be easily regenerated by 0.1 M EDTA solution with higher effectiveness. The imprinted microbeads showed excellent selectivity for the target molecule (i.e. Cu(II) ions due to molecular geometry). These features make imprinted microbeads very good candidate for selective removal of Cu(II) ions at high adsorption capacity. Detection limit was increased at least 1000-folds with the preconcentration approach using the imprinted microbeads. The method was also applied to certified reference and seawater samples.