共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
真菌毒素是真菌产生的一类有毒的次级代谢产物,对人体具有致癌、致畸、致突变等严重危害,已引起世界范围的广泛关注。因此,建立准确、快速、灵敏的真菌毒素检测方法具有非常重要的意义。色谱法是常用的检测真菌毒素的方法,但由于真菌毒素种类繁多,分布范围广泛,样品基质复杂,且各类真菌毒素在实际样品中含量极低,难以对其进行直接分析。因此,发展适宜的样品前处理方法,并用于真菌毒素的高效分离富集是必不可少的步骤。近年来,以金属有机框架(MOF)、共价有机框架(COF)为代表的多孔有机框架材料因具有大的比表面积、高的孔隙率、可调的孔径、多样的框架结构、活性位点分布均匀、结构可修饰等优点被广泛应用于真菌毒素的样品前处理领域。同时,这些优点赋予MOF/COF材料以优异的荧光性质、电化学性质,使其在真菌毒素的分析传感等领域也得到了广泛关注。本文针对近年来MOF/COF材料在真菌毒素分离富集中常用的样品前处理方法(固相萃取、分散固相萃取、磁固相萃取、免疫磁珠分离)中的应用进行了综述。同时,针对MOF/COF材料在真菌毒素荧光传感、电化学传感中的研究进行了总结。最后,对存在的问题及未来的发展趋势进行了讨论与展望,为进一步探索MOF/COF材料在真菌毒素中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
2.
3.
双酚类物质作为一种环境内分泌干扰物,广泛存在于食品包装材料及环境介质中,对生态环境造成污染,也对人体健康产生一定危害。双酚残留是目前重要的食品安全问题,检测食品和环境样品中的双酚类物质的含量对人体健康具有重要的意义。由于残留目标物浓度通常较低,且实际样品存在基质干扰,因此需经一定的样品前处理,并结合仪器分析方法,提高检测效率,增强分析灵敏度与可靠性。常用的前处理分析方法主要有液液萃取、微波辅助萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、基质分散固相萃取、QuEChERS等,常用仪器分析方法包括液相色谱法、气相色谱法、毛细管电泳法、酶联免疫吸附测定法、生物传感器法等。该文综述了食品及环境样品中双酚类物质的样品前处理及仪器分析方法,为双酚类化合物的残留监测提供了参考依据。 相似文献
4.
5.
邻苯二甲酸酯是应用最广泛的增塑剂,具有生殖、发育毒性及致癌性,是近年来食品污染的一个重要来源。该类化合物种类多、同系物和同分异构体性质接近、在基体中含量范围宽,高效样品前处理、高选择性分离和高灵敏检测、降低本底干扰等技术是食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物准确测定面临的挑战。本文综述了液液萃取、液液微萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、基质固相萃取等传统及新型的提取与净化技术在食品样品分析中的应用,比较分析了气相色谱、液相色谱、串联质谱、高分辨质谱以及酶联免疫、离子迁移谱等快速检测技术的特点,并展望了发展趋势。 相似文献
6.
食品中霉菌毒素样品前处理及分析方法研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
霉菌毒素广泛存在于食物和动物饲料中,可经食物链传递危及动物与人体健康,带来严重的食品安全问题。食品基体复杂,霉菌毒素结构多样、含量极低,其分离分析需要高效的前处理技术及快速灵敏的分析方法。该文综述了基于分子印迹聚合物、量子点材料、石墨烯类碳材料、生物材料等新型分离介质的固相(微)萃取、液相(微)萃取、免疫亲和层析、磁分离等样品前处理技术及液相色谱-质谱、免疫分析法、生物传感器等分析方法在食品霉菌毒素分析中的应用,并展望了其发展趋势。 相似文献
7.
磁性固相萃取是一种新型的样品前处理技术,具有萃取时间短、吸附能力强、有机溶剂使用量少、操作简单快捷等优点,已经广泛应用于样品的分离提纯.在简要介绍磁性固相萃取技术发展、材料制备的基础上,着重对国内外磁性固相萃取技术在药毒物分析方面的发展现状以及应用进展进行了综述,以期为法庭科学领域相关物证鉴定提供参考,为严厉打击相关违法犯罪活动提供科学理论与实践依据. 相似文献
8.
藻毒素为有害藻类所产生的次级代谢产物,具有毒性强、种类多和生物蓄积性等特点,对人类健康、水产养殖业以及水生生态系统都会造成严重的威胁,已成为当前全球范围的研究热点。由于藻毒素在样品中的含量很低、样品基质复杂等因素,在仪器分析前进行有效的样品前处理不可或缺。高效的样品前处理技术不但能够减小或去除样品基质对分析的干扰,而且可以实现目标物的富集,增加分析方法的灵敏度与准确性。近年来,固相萃取(SPE)、固相微萃取(SPME)、磁性固相萃取(MSPE)、分散固相萃取(DSPE)、吸管尖端固相萃取(PT-SPE)等样品前处理技术已在藻毒素分离分析领域广受关注。这些前处理技术性能的好坏主要取决于萃取材料的特性。由于藻毒素的理化特性各不相同,在分子尺寸、亲疏水性、电荷等性质上差异较大,合理设计并制备适合藻毒素萃取的材料十分必要。最佳的萃取材料必须实现对藻毒素的可逆吸附,并且最好具有多孔结构和高的比表面积,从而能够提供高的回收率和与藻毒素良好的界面接触。此外,萃取材料还应该在样品溶液、洗脱溶剂、工作pH范围内具有良好的化学稳定性,否则萃取材料可能会溶解或丢失其官能团。本文综述了近十几年来国内外关于藻毒... 相似文献
9.
固相萃取技术在食品痕量残留和污染分析中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
食品痕量残留和污染分析中,样品的前处理极为重要,也是其难点所在。由于食品和农产品样品的多样性和复杂性,目前还没有一种前处理技术能够适合所有情况下的所有样品。本文对近年来发展起来的新型固相萃取技术如固相微萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取、基质固相分散萃取、分子印迹固相萃取、免疫亲和固相萃取、整体柱固相萃取、碳纳米管固相萃取等在食品痕量残留和污染分析中的应用进行了综述,对未来的发展前景作了展望。 相似文献
10.
11.
Juliana Soares da Silva Burato Deyber Arley Vargas Medina Ana Lúcia de Toffoli Edvaldo Vasconcelos Soares Maciel Fernando Mauro Lanas 《Journal of separation science》2020,43(1):202-225
Advances in the area of sample preparation are significant and have been growing significantly in recent years. This initial step of the analysis is essential and must be carried out properly, consisting of a complicated procedure with multiple stages. Consequently, it corresponds to a potential source of errors and will determine, at the end of the process, either a satisfactory result or a fail. One of the advances in this field includes the miniaturization of extraction techniques based on the conventional sample preparation procedures such as liquid‐liquid extraction and solid‐phase extraction. These modern techniques have gained prominence in the face of traditional methods since they minimize the consumption of organic solvents and the sample volume. As another feature, it is possible to reuse the sorbents, and its coupling to chromatographic systems might be automated. The review will emphasize the main techniques based on liquid‐phase microextraction, as well as those based upon the use of sorbents. The first group includes currently popular techniques such as single drop microextraction, hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction, and dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction. In the second group, solid‐phase microextraction techniques such as in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, dispersive solid‐phase extraction, dispersive micro solid‐phase microextraction, and microextraction by packed sorbent are highlighted. These approaches, in common, aim the determination of analytes at low concentrations in complex matrices. This article describes some characteristics, recent advances, and trends on miniaturized sample preparation techniques, as well as their current applications in food, environmental, and bioanalysis fields. 相似文献
12.
Tianliang Hu Run Chen Qiang Wang Chiyang He Shaorong Liu 《Journal of separation science》2021,44(1):274-309
Sample pretreatment is essential for the analysis of complicated real samples due to their complex matrices and low analyte concentrations. Among all sample pretreatment methods, solid‐phase extraction is arguably the most frequently used one. However, the majority of available solid‐phase extraction adsorbents suffer from limited selectivity. Molecularly imprinted polymers are a type of tailor‐made artificial antibodies and receptors with specific recognition sites for target molecules. Using molecularly imprinted polymers instead of conventional adsorbents can greatly improve the selectivity of solid‐phase extraction, and therefore molecularly imprinted polymer‐based solid‐phase extraction has been widely applied to separation, clean up and/or preconcentration of target analytes in various kinds of real samples. In this article, after a brief introduction, the recent developments and applications of molecularly imprinted polymer‐based solid‐phase extraction for determination of different analytes in complicated real samples during the 2015‐2020 are reviewed systematically, including the solid‐phase extraction modes, molecularly imprinted adsorbent types and their preparations, and the practical applications of solid‐phase extraction to various real samples (environmental, food, biological, and pharmaceutical samples). Finally, the challenges and opportunities of using molecularly imprinted polymer‐based solid‐phase extraction for real sample analysis are discussed. 相似文献
13.
天然产物体系复杂,尤其是一些活性成分含量较低,采用一般的方法对其进行分离富集难度较大。分子印迹聚合物具有良好的亲和性和专一的选择性,将分子印迹固相萃取技术应用于天然药物资源样品前处理过程,能够选择性地分离富集复杂基质中的目标成分。本文对近几年分子印迹固相萃取技术在天然产物有效成分分离分析中的应用进行了总结,分析物包括黄酮类、多元酚类、生物碱类、有机酸类、苯丙素类、萜类以及其他一些类型的生物活性成分。 相似文献
14.
15.
《Electrophoresis》2017,38(24):3059-3078
In the field of analytical chemistry, sample preparation and chromatographic separation are two core procedures. The means by which to improve the sensitivity, selectivity and detection limit of a method have become a topic of great interest. Recently, porous organic frameworks, such as metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have been widely used in this research area because of their special features, and different methods have been developed. This review summarizes the applications of MOFs and COFs in sample preparation and chromatographic stationary phases. The MOF‐ or COF‐based solid‐phase extraction (SPE), solid‐phase microextraction (SPME), gas chromatography (GC), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) methods are described. The excellent properties of MOFs and COFs have resulted in intense interest in exploring their performance and mechanisms for sample preparation and chromatographic separation. 相似文献
16.
17.
利用原位聚合法在玻璃微管道内制备阴离子交换型固相萃取(SPE)微柱,以NO2^-为分析对象,针对NaNO2-KI—Luminol发光体系设计微流控芯片,并将SPE微柱与微流控芯片连接起来组建成带有SPE微柱的复合式微流控芯片。分析了SPE微柱对NO2^-的吸附保留与富集作用,在复合式微流控芯片上,实现了NO2^-的进样、分离富集和检测,通过漏点曲线和交换容量两种方法分析了SPE微柱的柱容量。为控制SPE微柱的最大进样体积提供有利保障,并实现了食品中NO2^-的在线分离富集与检测。 相似文献
18.
Sample preparation techniques for the determination of trace residues and contaminants in foods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The determination of trace residues and contaminants in complex matrices, such as food, often requires extensive sample extraction and preparation prior to instrumental analysis. Sample preparation is often the bottleneck in analysis and there is a need to minimise the number of steps to reduce both time and sources of error. There is also a move towards more environmentally friendly techniques, which use less solvent and smaller sample sizes. Smaller sample size becomes important when dealing with real life problems, such as consumer complaints and alleged chemical contamination. Optimal sample preparation can reduce analysis time, sources of error, enhance sensitivity and enable unequivocal identification, confirmation and quantification. This review considers all aspects of sample preparation, covering general extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet and pressurised liquid extraction, microextraction techniques such as liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and more selective techniques, such as solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). The applicability of each technique in food analysis, particularly for the determination of trace organic contaminants in foods is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is an evolutionary sample preparation approach which was introduced in 2014, meeting all green analytical chemistry (GAC) requirements by implementing a natural or synthetic permeable and flexible fabric substrate to host a chemically coated sol–gel organic–inorganic hybrid sorbent in the form of an ultra-thin coating. This construction results in a versatile, fast, and sensitive micro-extraction device. The user-friendly FPSE membrane allows direct extraction of analytes with no sample modification, thus eliminating/minimizing the sample pre-treatment steps, which are not only time consuming, but are also considered the primary source of major analyte loss. Sol–gel sorbent-coated FPSE membranes possess high chemical, solvent, and thermal stability due to the strong covalent bonding between the fabric substrate and the sol–gel sorbent coating. Subsequent to the extraction on FPSE membrane, a wide range of organic solvents can be used in a small volume to exhaustively back-extract the analytes after FPSE process, leading to a high preconcentration factor. In most cases, no solvent evaporation and sample reconstitution are necessary. In addition to the extensive simplification of the sample preparation workflow, FPSE has also innovatively combined the extraction principle of two major, yet competing sample preparation techniques: solid phase extraction (SPE) with its characteristic exhaustive extraction, and solid phase microextraction (SPME) with its characteristic equilibrium driven extraction mechanism. Furthermore, FPSE has offered the most comprehensive cache of sorbent chemistry by successfully combining almost all of the sorbents traditionally used exclusively in either SPE or in SPME. FPSE is the first sample preparation technique to exploit the substrate surface chemistry that complements the overall selectivity and the extraction efficiency of the device. As such, FPSE indeed represents a paradigm shift approach in analytical/bioanalytical sample preparation. Furthermore, an FPSE membrane can be used as an SPME fiber or as an SPE disk for sample preparation, owing to its special geometric advantage. So far, FPSE has overwhelmingly attracted the interest of the separation scientist community, and many analytical scientists have been developing new methodologies by implementing this cutting-edge technique for the extraction and determination of many analytes at their trace and ultra-trace level concentrations in environmental samples as well as in food, pharmaceutical, and biological samples. FPSE offers a total sample preparation solution by providing neutral, cation exchanger, anion exchanger, mixed mode cation exchanger, mixed mode anion exchanger, zwitterionic, and mixed mode zwitterionic sorbents to deal with any analyte regardless of its polarity, ionic state, or the sample matrix where it resides. Herein we present the theoretical background, synthesis, mechanisms of extraction and desorption, the types of sorbents, and the main applications of FPSE so far according to different sample categories, and to briefly show the progress, advantages, and the main principles of the proposed technique. 相似文献