MgBn（n=1-17）团簇的密度泛函理论研究

本文从第一性原理出发,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)全电子基组水平上对MgBn(n=1～17)团簇各种可能的构型进行结构优化和频率分析,预测了各团簇的最低能量结构.结果表明MgBn团簇主要有两种生长模式.同时对各团簇最低能量结构的能隙、结合能等电子性质进行了分析,由二阶能量差分及能隙随团簇尺寸的变化规律可以得到MgB6、MgB9、MgB13是比较稳定的团簇.通过NBO对自然电荷布居及成键特性进行分析,得到Mg原子带正电,以s轨道参与成键,B原子主要带负电,一部分B原子之间以sp杂化形成离域π键,有利于增强稳定性,其他B原子主要以s、p轨道参与成键.     

笼状团簇Mg12B24结构与性质的密度泛函理论研究

运用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-31G*水平上优化得到了一种Mg₁₂B₂₄团簇的笼状稳定结构,其IR最强吸收峰位于205.23 cm^-1,Raman谱的最强峰位于242.63 cm^-1. Mg₁₂B₂₄团簇笼状结构中B原子主要是sp杂化轨道参与成键,Mg原子主要是s轨道参与成键.团簇中B原子层堆积了大量的电子,表明MgB₂的超导作用主要发生在B原子层;B原子层电子存在较强的离域性,也为超导电性提供了条件;Mg原子起了提供电子的作用.     

X@Mg_8B_(14)(X=H,Li)团簇核壳结构与性质的密度泛函理论研究

运用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-31G*水平上对X@Mg_8B_(14)(X=H,Li)两种团簇进行了几何结构优化,并计算了其电子结构、振动特性和成键特性.计算结果表明:优化后的X@Mg_8B_(14)(X=H,Li)团簇均为橄榄球状核壳结构,对称性点群均为D2h.用自然键轨道方法分析了成键性质,发现X@Mg8B14(X=H,Li)团簇中B原子主要是sp杂化轨道参与成键,Mg原子主要是s轨道参与成键.Mg原子和B原子之间发生了大量的电子转移,在B原子层堆积了大量的电子;尤其是封装Li原子后,B原子层得电子数量明显增加.     

Tin(n=2~7)团簇结构, 稳定性和电荷分布关系的密度泛函研究

利用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法, 选择LANL2DZ基组优化Tin(2~7)团簇得到各团簇的稳定结构,然后对稳定结构的束缚能及自然轨道进行分析. 研究结果表明: Tin(n=2~7)团簇都依带帽的形式在前一个团簇的结构基础上加一个原子变化而来; 通过自然轨道分析发现, 团簇原子的轨道存在sp-d杂化, 有大约一个电子从4s转移到了3d, 原子之间亦存在电子转移, 而且除Ti7外, 团簇键长由最外层4d轨道电子和3d轨道共同决定, 在Ti7中, 团簇键长由3d轨道决定.     

Mg14B30笼状团簇结构与性质的理论研究

运用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-31G*水平上优化得到了一种Mg₁₄B₃₀团簇稳定的笼状结构,包括4个Mg原子层和3个B原子层.18个B原子组成的圆环层内B-B键长为0.155～0.157 nm,三角形层内B-B键长为0.161 nm; Mg原子层内Mg-Mg键长为0.305 nm;层间B-Mg键长在0.221～0.260 nm之间;从中间向两侧,Mg、B原子层间距分别为0.180、0.107和0.188 nm.Mg₁₄B₃₀团簇笼状结构中Mg原子和B原子之间发生了大量的电子转移,在B原子层堆积了大量的电子,而且随着团簇的生长,层间电荷转移大量增加;表明MgB₂的超导作用主要发生在B原子层,而Mg原子起了提供电子的作用.B原子主要是sp杂化轨道参与成键,Mg原子主要是s轨道参与成键;体系中前线分子轨道均包含B原子层内多个原子形成的π键轨道、电子存在较强的离域性,这也为其超导电性提供了条件.     

(MgB2)n(n=1～3)团簇结构与性质的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的杂化密度泛函B3IJYP方法在6-31G*基组水平上对(MgB2)n(n=1～3)团簇各种可能的构型进行几何结构优化,预测各团簇的最稳定结构,并对其振动特性、成键特性、极化率和超极化率等性质进行理论研究.结果表明,团簇的几何结构大多是平面结构,团簇的稳定结构中通常是几个呈负电性的B原子形成一个负电中心,而其他B原子和Mg原子处在端位,且显正电性,Mg原子的自然电荷在 0.559e～ 0.920e之间,B原子的自然电荷在-0.724e～ 0.197e之间;团簇中通常是B-B键和B-Mg键共存,较少出现Mg-Mg键,计算得到的B-B键键长在0.153～0.182 nm之间,B-Mg键键长在0.218～0.231 nm之间.     

第一性原理对SinMg(n=1-12)团簇结构、稳定性与电子性质的研究

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-311G基组水平上对 团簇进行了构型优化、频率分析与电子性质计算.同时讨论了团簇的平均结合能、能级间隙、二阶能量差分、自然电子布居、极化率.研究结果表明： 团簇的基态绝大多数为立体结构. 时,体系的基态为自旋三重度, 时,则为单重态.镁原子的掺入使得主团簇的电子性质发生了明显的变化,掺杂使体系的平均结合能降低,能隙减小,化学硬度减小,电子亲和能增大.电子总是从 原子向 原子转移.团簇中原子之间的成键相互作用随n的增大 而增强,团簇的电子结构随n的增大而趋于紧凑.     

(TiZr)n(n=1～7)团簇的几何构型与性质的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函DFT中的B3LYP 方法,选择LANL2DZ基组, 对(TiZr)n(n=1～7)团簇的各种可能结构进行优化, 得到了各团簇的最稳定结构,并对最稳定结构的几何结构、IR光谱、成键特性和稳定性等进行了理论分析。结果表明: (TiZr)n(n=2～7)团簇易形成笼状结构,Ti原子易于得到电子,而Zr原子易于失去电子;体系随着原子数的增多,自由度增加,IR光谱表现出宽带谱特征;定域化轨道标识函数图揭示了(TiZr)n(n=1～7)基态团簇原子间多为金属键作用,在特定结构下有共价键成分出现;随着原子数增加,(TiZr)n(n=1～7)团簇带隙减小,金属性增强;(TiZr)1 和(TiZr)3 团簇具有相对较高的动力学稳定性。     

(TiZr)n(n=1～7)团簇的几何构型与性质的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函DFT中的B3LYP 方法,选择LANL2DZ基组, 对(TiZr)n(n=1～7)团簇的各种可能结构进行优化, 得到了各团簇的最稳定结构,并对最稳定结构的几何结构、IR光谱、成键特性和稳定性等进行了理论分析。结果表明: (TiZr)n(n=2～7)团簇易形成笼状结构,Ti原子易于得到电子,而Zr原子易于失去电子;体系随着原子数的增多,自由度增加,IR光谱表现出宽带谱特征;定域化轨道标识函数图揭示了(TiZr)n(n=1～7)基态团簇原子间多为金属键作用,在特定结构下有共价键成分出现;随着原子数增加,(TiZr)n(n=1～7)团簇带隙减小,金属性增强;(TiZr)1 和(TiZr)3 团簇具有相对较高的动力学稳定性。     

(TiZr)n(n=1～7)团簇的几何构型与性质的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函DFT中的B3LYP方法,选择LANL2DZ基组,对(TiZr)x(n=1～7)团簇的各种可能构型进行了优化,得到了各团簇的最稳定结构,并对最稳定结构的几何结构、IR光谱、成键特性和稳定性等进行了理论分析.结果表明:(TiZr)n(n=2～7)团簇易形成笼状结构,Ti原子易于得到电子,而Zr原子易于失去电子;体系随着原子数的增多,自由度增加,IR光谱表现出宽带谱特征;定域化轨道标识函数图揭示了(TiZr)n(n=1～7)基态团簇原子间多为金属键作用,在特定结构下有共价键成分出现;随着原子数增加,(TiZr)n(n=1～7)团簇带隙减小,金属性增强;(TiZr)1和(TiZr)3团簇具有相对较高的动力学稳定性.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.