Polymeric photorefractive surface waves

We theoretically studied photorefractive surface waves supported by polymers with orientationally enhanced photorefractive effect. We find that the orientational enhancement and the dependency of the quantum efficiency of generating mobile holes on the electric field make the diffusion nonlinearity in photorefractive polymers dependent not on only the variation of light intensity but also on external electric field, which is very different from the external electric field independent diffusion nonlinearity in inorganic photorefractive crystals. Consequently the profile, frequency and especially the penetration depth of polymeric photorefractive surface waves strongly depend on external electric field, which makes it more controllable than that in photorefractive inorganic crystals. The stability of polymeric photorefractive surface waves, the effects of birefringence component and electro-optic component of orientationally enhanced photorefractive nonlinearity on the formation of x or y-polarized polymeric photorefractive surface waves are also discussed.     

TE and TM interactive waves in successive nonKerr nonlinear dielectric planar layer structures

The interactive TE and TM modes in the most general case of a multilayer nonlinear optical waveguide consisting of successive nonKerr nonlinear media are herewith presented. The structure we consider here consists of three successive nonlinear films in a linear environment. A discussion of the numerical results indicates that the existence of the inner nonlinear layer may cause significant perturbation in the interactive areas of the _TE – _TM plane as computed with simpler models.     

Finite Element Analysis of the Field Patterns of Higher-Order TE and TM Modes in Rectangular-Groove Guide

The field patterns of the different TE and TM modes in a rectangular-groove guide are analysed by finite element method. The electric field, magnetic field and energy distributions in the groove guide for the dominant TE mode, the lowest TM mode and the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd higher-order TE,TM modes are presented. The results show that the low-loss characteristic of rectangular-groove guide seems unreliable. The results in this paper will be of benefit for us to understand the transmission characteristics of rectangular-groove guide, and will be of practical significance in designing groove guide components.     

四种非矩形截面传感波导中的TE波和TM波

用保角变换将非矩形截面传感波导变换成等效矩形截面波导．给出计算等效矩形截面波导的TE模和TM模、电磁场、临界频率、波导壁电流、功率传输和衰减的公式．并给出4种非矩形传感截面波导数值计算的例子．     

Surface waves at the interface between a metal and a photovoltaic-photorefractive crystal

We investigate surface waves at the interface between a metal and a photovoltaic-photorefractive (PP) crystal. These surface waves appear in several forms: delocalized surface waves, shock surface waves, and localized surface waves. Only localized surface waves have limited energy. We demonstrate that the transverse sizes of localized surface waves decrease with an increase in the propagation constant and the amplitudes of localized surface waves increase with the propagation constant. The stability of localized surface waves is investigated numerically and it is found that they are stable.     

圆波导TM_(01)-TE_(11)模式变换器

提出了一种在圆波导中添加金属分割片及半边金属管壳的结构以实现圆波导TM01-TE11模式转换。通过金属分割片将圆波导分成两个半圆区域:其中一个半圆区域为空波导,另一半圆区域为填充一定厚度金属管壳的空波导。在S波段对设计的中心频率为2.8GHz的物理模型进行数值模拟与实验研究,模拟结果表明:在中心频率2.8GHz转换效率为99.56%,反射率低于0.01;在2.716～2.946GHz频带内转换效率大于90%,S11小于-10dB。实验中测试到的S11参数与模拟结果基本一致,证明了该变换器技术方案的可行性和模拟结果的正确性。     

Interaction of Love waves with coupled cavity modes in a 2D holey phononic crystal

The interaction of Love waves with square array of pillars deposited on a cavity defined in a 2D holey phononic crystal is numerically investigated using Finite Element Method. First, the existence of SH surface modes is demonstrated separately for phononic crystals that consist of square arrayed holes, or rectangular arrayed Ni pillars, respectively in, or on, a SiO₂ film deposited on a ST-cut quartz substrate. The coupling between SH modes and torsional mode in pillars induces a transmission dip that occurs at a frequency located in the range of the band-gap of the holey phononic crystal. Second, a cavity is constructed by removing lines of holes in the holey phononic crystal and results in a transmission peak that matches the dip. The optimal geometrical parameters enable us to create a coupling of the cavity mode and the localized pillar mode by introducing lines of pillars into the cavity, which significantly improved the efficiency of the cavity without increasing the crystal size. The obtained results will pave the way to implement advanced designs of high-performance electroacoustic sensors based on coupling modes in phononic crystals.     

等腰直角三角形波导中的TM波

由波动方程和ＴＭ波边界条件出发,推导出等腰直角三角形波导中的ＴＭ波本征函数解,纠正有关文献中“在三角形波导中不存在ＴＭ波”的错误结论。     

Leaky photorefractive surface waves in Bi12TiO20 and Bi12SiO20 crystals

Consistent experimental and numerical simulation studies of photorefractive surface wave propagation in Bi₁₂TiO₂₀ and Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ crystals are presented. We induce the photorefractive surface wave with a Gaussian beam of small diameter and show that light leakage from the surface wave takes the form of multiple beam reflection from the crystal surface. The efficiency of surface wave excitation is proved to be much higher for the divergent Gaussian beam than for the convergent one.     

紧凑型宽带TM01-TE11模式转换器的数值模拟

 设计了一个紧凑型宽带L波段TM01-TE11模式转换器。该转换器使用同轴TEM和矩形TE₁₀模式作为过渡模式，提高了模式转换器的工作带宽，缩小了模式转换器的尺寸，并且模式转换器的输入输出同轴。建立了一个尺寸为φ20.5 cm×55.2 cm的设计模型，并进行了数值模拟。结果表明：该模式转换器工作频率为1.63~2.22 GHz时转换效率超过90%，相对带宽超过30%；在1.72 GHz处转换效率达99.8%；工作频带内反射系数小于-11 dB，最低为-26.3 dB；该模式转换器的功率容量大于1 GW。     

Cyclotron Autoresonance with TE and TM Guided Waves

The electron cyclotron autoresonance is of both theoretical and practical interest for acceleration of charged particles and for generation of microwave radiation in various gyro-devices. In this paper a unified first-principles approach is applied to the analysis of the interaction of gyrating electrons with electromagnetic waves with different characteristic impedance. In contrast to the previous works that consider the underlying autoresonance integral only for the case of plane transverse waves and TE modes our analysis is applied also to TM modes. An approximate constant of motion is derived for the latter case from which it follows that the requirements for autoresonance can be satisfied easily in comparison to the TE modes. Some fundamental relations which follow from the analysis are discussed as well.     

硅光子晶体TE模式光下路分束器设计

设计了基于自准直效应的硅光子晶体TE模式13和12光下路分束器。13光下路分束器由4个分束镜组成,而12下路分束器由3个分束镜和1个反射镜组成。利用多光束干涉原理推导出光下路分束器各个出口的透射谱理论公式。通过选择合适的分束镜,可以得到不同分束比例的光下路分束器。对于13光下路分束器,设计了1∶1∶1和1∶2∶3两种分束比例;对于12光下路分束器,设计了1∶1和1∶2两种分束比例。再利用时域有限差分软件数值模拟了透射谱,其结果与理论设计一致。当下路波长为1550 nm时,13和12两种光下路分束器的大小均约为10 m 10 m,自由光谱区为36 nm,覆盖了整个光通信C波段。     

基于长缝耦合的紧凑型TE31-TE11高功率微波模式变换器

提出了一种新型的TE31-TE11模式的紧凑型高功率微波模式转换器结构,在对比分析TE31和TE11两个模式的场分布特征相互关系基础上,通过在输入和输出圆波导组成的内外套筒结构和适当布置镜像对称分布的轴向耦合长缝,实现在小于1.2个波长的轴向长度内将相对论磁控管产生的L 波段TE31模式高功率微波转换为可定向辐射的圆波导TE11模式,采用全电磁波仿真结合Taguchi方法优化了模式转换器的几何参数,在工作频点获得的仿真模式转换效率为99%,效率高于95%的带宽达到10%,并对其工作于真空环境下的瞬态功率容量进行了仿真分析,理论的瞬态功率容量可达到3.4 GW。     

Chaotic and fractal properties of laboratory-generated surface water waves

Summary We report the results of four laboratory experiments on surface water waves generated with the Pierson-Moskowitz power spectrum, and characterized by different values of the ratiof _p/f _N and of the water depthh. The scope of the experiments was to test the dependence of the chaotic and fractal properties of the data on the parameterf _p/f _N, which has been indicated as determinant by previous numerical studies; the different water depths are used to induce different levels of non-linearity in the records. The analysis indicates that the Grassberger and Procaccia correlation integrals, the largest Lyapunov exponent and the scaling exponent of the data sets considered herein are completely assimilable to those of numerically generated linear time series; the algorithms used are insensitive to the presence of non-linearities because they sample essentially the high-frequency components.     

Elastic surface waves in crystals. Part 1: review of the physics

We present a review of wave propagation at the surface of anisotropic media (crystal symmetries). The physics for media of cubic and hexagonal symmetries has been extensively studied based on analytical and semi-analytical methods. However, some controversies regarding surfaces waves and the use of different notations for the same modes require a review of the research done and a clarification of the terminology. In a companion paper we obtain the full-wave solution for the wave propagation at the surface of media with arbitrary symmetry (including cubic and hexagonal symmetries) using two spectral numerical modeling algorithms.     

The coupling and superposition behavior of higher-order diffraction image based on photorefractive nematic liquid crystal materials

We report some photorefractive higher-order diffraction phenomena of two kinds of photorefractive nematic liquid crystal materials. In the experiment, we observed the superposition of higher-order diffraction images, the coupling of higher-order diffraction lights, and the coupling between higher-order diffraction lights and incident beams. The observed behavior suggests the complexity of the coupling process. The properties of higher-order diffraction images are discussed theoretically, which are in good agreement with experimental results.     

Acoustic gas slip induced by surface waves

A boundary kinetic effect has been predicted on the basis of a model of interaction between Rayleigh surface acoustic waves (SAW) and a gas. The effect resembles some classic boundary effects such as thermal or diffusion gas slip. The functional dependence of the effect on gas and SAW parameters is presented. The slip phenomenon takes place due to angular restrictions of the scattered gas molecules because of the deformation of the solid surface.     

一种新型慢波结构TM01-TE11模式转换器的数值模拟

 设计了一种新型L波段慢波结构式圆波导TM₀₁-TE₁₁模式转换器，该转换器的尺寸为φ15.0 cm×40.8 cm，通过金属分割片将圆波导分成两个180°区域并在其中一个区域内设置半环形慢波结构。当TM01入射时，在两个区域内激励起扇形波导TE11模式，由于慢波结构的存在，该模式在两个区域内的传播常数不一样。适当调节慢波结构的参数，可使两个区域内传输的扇形TE11模式在金属分割片尾部相位相差180°，这两个扇形TE11模式耦合成为圆波导TE11模式输出，实现模式转换。建立数值模型并进行了模拟，结果表明在工作频率1.8 GHz处转换效率96%，反射率低于0.04，功率容量超过1.7 GW。     

Incredible negative values of effective electromechanical coupling coefficient for surface acoustic waves in piezoelectrics

The extraordinary case of increase in velocity of surface acoustic waves (SAW) caused by electrical shorting of the surface of the superstrong piezoelectric crystal potassium niobate, KNbO3, is numerically found. The explanation of this effect is based on considering SAWs as coupled Rayleigh and Bleustein-Gulyaev modes. A general procedure of approximate decoupling of the modes is suggested for piezoelectric crystals of arbitrary anisotropy. The effect under study takes place when the phase velocity of uncoupled sagittally polarized Rayleigh waves is intermediate between the phase velocities of uncoupled shear-horizontal Bleustein Gulyaev waves at the free and metallized surfaces. In this case, the metallization of the surface by an infinitely thin layer may cause a crossover of the velocity curves of the uncoupled waves. The presence of the mode coupling results in splitting of the curves with transition from one uncoupled branch to the other. This transition is responsible for the increase in SAW velocity, which appears to be greater than its common decrease produced by electrical shorting of the substrate surface.