Comparing Kirchhoff-approximation and boundary-element models for computing gadoid target strengths

To establish the validity of the boundary-element method (BEM) for modeling scattering by swimbladder-bearing fish, the BEM is exercised in several ways. In a computation of backscattering by a 50-mm-diam spherical void in sea water at the four frequencies 38.1, 49.6, 68.4, and 120.4 kHz, agreement with the analytical solution is excellent. In computations of target strength as a function of tilt angle for each of 15 surface-adapted gadoids for which the swimbladders were earlier mapped, BEM results are in close agreement with Kirchhoff-approximation-model results at each of the same four frequencies. When averaged with respect to various tilt angle distributions and combined by regression analysis, the two models yield similar results. Comparisons with corresponding values derived from measured target strength functions of the same 15 gadoid specimens are fair, especially for the tilt angle distribution with the greatest standard deviation, namely 16 degrees.     

HL-2M װ�û�����Ȧ��������Dz�������

By measuring the spatial coordinates of several points on the figure joints and slice joints of the toroidal field coils on HL-2M device, the outer contour planes of the coils are fitted with the spatial data of the points by the least squared method and the tilt angle of central axis is calculated by the spatial relation between the planes and the central axis. With the simplified model and numerical simulation, the tilt angles of different spatial points with several standard deviations of measurement are calculated. The average relative error of tilt angle is 0.10‰ and the relative standard deviation is 1.21‰ with a low standard deviation of metrology (σ=0.05mm).     

HL-2M 装置环向场线圈中心轴倾角测量方法

通过测量HL-2M 装置环向场线圈指形接头及斜面接头上的若干个点的空间坐标,利用点到平面的距离最小二乘原则,对环向场线圈的外轮廓平面进行拟合。再利用各外轮廓平面与中心轴的空间位置关系,求解得出环向场线圈中心轴倾角。通过简化模型及数值模拟求解出在不同的空间点坐标测量标准差情况下的中心轴倾角。在空间点三维坐标低测量标准差的情况下(σ=0.05mm),拟合求得倾角的相对误差为0.10‰,相对标准偏差为 1.21‰。     

Study of CP violating effects in time dependent B0(B0)-->D(*)-/+pi+/- decays

We report measurements of time dependent decay rates for B0(B(0))-->D((*)-/+)pi(+/-) decays and extraction of CP violation parameters containing phi(3). Using fully reconstructed D((*))pi events from a 140 fb(-1) data sample collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance, we obtain the CP violation parameters for D(*)pi and Dpi decays, 2R(D((*))pi)sin((2phi(1)+phi(3)+/-delta(D((*))pi)), where R(D((*))pi) is the ratio of the magnitudes of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed and Cabibbo-favored amplitudes, and delta(D((*))pi) is the strong phase difference between them. Under the assumption of delta(D((*))pi) being close to either 0 degrees or 180 degrees, we obtain |2R(D(*)pi)sin((2phi(1)+phi(3))|=0.060+/-0.040(stat)+/-0.019(syst) and |2R(Dpi)sin((2phi(1)+phi(3))|=0.061+/-0.037(stat)+/-0.018(syst).     

Measurement of the CP violation parameter sin2 phi(1) in B(0)(d) meson decays

We present a measurement of the standard model CP violation parameter sin2 phi(1) (also known as sin2beta) based on a 10.5 fb(-1) data sample collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric e(+)e(-) collider. One neutral B meson is reconstructed in the J/psiK(S), psi(2S)K(S), chi(c1)K(S), eta(c)K(S), J/psiK(L), or J/psipi(0) CP-eigenstate decay channel and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified from its charged particle decay products. From the asymmetry in the distribution of the time interval between the two B-meson decay points, we determine sin2 phi(1) = 0.58(+0.32)(-0.34)(stat)+0.09-0.10(syst).     

与哈姆林甜橙果实内在品质主要参数同步相关的特征光谱研究

基于光谱分析的甜橙内在品质检测技术近年得到较快发展,但目前采用的大多为单一品质指标的光谱分析,而甜橙果实品质往往取决于果实多项品质指标的共同作用。本研究的目的在于研究甜橙果实反射光谱与果实内在品质的相关性,筛选与哈姆林甜橙果实多个品质指标同步相关的特征光谱,为建立甜橙果实在内品质的实时检测技术提供依据。以哈姆林甜橙(Citrus sinensis (L) cv. Hamlin sweet orange)成熟果实为试材,逐个果实进行果实反射光谱和果实可溶性固形物(TSS)、柠檬酸、维生素C(Vc)含量和固酸比等在内品质主要参数的分析,对所获数据采用Excel,Spss Statg和View SpecPro软件进行统计与分析。结果表明,哈姆林甜橙果实TSS、固酸比和Vc均与波长988 nm近红外光反射光谱呈极显著或显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.387**,0.440**和0.309*,TSS和固酸比与该波长反射率的最佳拟合方程分别为y＝13.957x+5.405和y＝75.120x+37.256;可见光429 nm光谱二阶导数与TSS和Vc呈显著和极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.350 72*和0.386 9**。波长944 nm近红外光谱倒数对数与固酸比呈显著正相关(r＝0.304*)。试验结果为柑桔果实内在品质主要参数的同步、快速无损检测奠定了基础。     

分时偏振成像系统中光束偏离的补偿方法研究

分时偏振成像系统需要通过旋转检偏器获取场景的偏振信息(I, Q, U), 检偏器的前后表面间不平行(也称为楔角)将导致成像光束发生偏离且随检偏器旋转而旋转, 这将降低偏振成像系统的空间分辨率和偏振测量精度. 本文提出调整检偏器相对于入射主光轴倾斜角的方法来补偿上述光束偏离. 以格兰棱镜作为检偏器, 根据几何光学理论, 推导了分时偏振成像系统光束偏离的一阶近似补偿模型, 获得倾斜角与格兰棱镜楔角之间的函数关系, 并通过仿真模拟验证了该补偿方法的可行性和有效性. 研究结果表明, 将格兰棱镜置于汇聚光路中, 光束偏离的一阶误差可以通过调节格兰棱镜的倾斜角有效补偿; 倾斜角大小与棱镜折射率、楔角及棱镜距电荷耦合元件靶面的距离成正比, 与棱镜厚度成反比. 该结果为研制高精度分时偏振成像系统提供了切实可行的理论依据.     

Measurement of the neutrino mass splitting and flavor mixing by MINOS

Measurements of neutrino oscillations using the disappearance of muon neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI neutrino beam as observed by the two MINOS detectors are reported. New analysis methods have been applied to an enlarged data sample from an exposure of 7.25×10(20) protons on target. A fit to neutrino oscillations yields values of |Δm(2)|=(2.32(-0.08)(+0.12))×10(-3) eV(2) for the atmospheric mass splitting and sin(2)(2θ)>0.90 (90% C.L.) for the mixing angle. Pure neutrino decay and quantum decoherence hypotheses are excluded at 7 and 9 standard deviations, respectively.     

Time-reversing array retrofocusing in noisy environments

Acoustic time reversal is a robust means of retrofocusing acoustic energy, in both time and space, to the original sound-source location. However, noise may limit the performance of a time-reversing array (TRA) at long source-array ranges, or when the original-source or TRA-element power levels are low. The operation of a TRA requires two steps (reception and transmission) so both TRA-broadcast noise and ambient noise must be taken into account. In this paper, predictions are made for how a simple omnidirectional noise field influences the probability that the signal amplitude from a narrow-band TRA will exceed the noise at the TRA's retrofocus. A general formulation for the probability of TRA retrofocusing, which can be used for TRA design, is developed that includes: the variance of the noise field, the original source strength, the TRA's element output power, the number of TRA elements (N), and the propagation characteristics of the environment. This formulation predicts that a TRA's array gain (in dB) at the retrofocus may be as high as + 10log10(N) to + 20 log10(N) depending on the relative strengths of the original source and the TRA's elements. Monte Carlo simulations in both a free-space environment and a shallow-ocean sound-channel environment compare well to this probability formulation even when simple approximate parametric relationships for the appropriate Green's functions are used. The dominant deviation between theory and simulation in the sound channel is caused by acoustic absorption.     

Dyson’s Constants in the Asymptotics of the Determinants of Wiener-Hopf-Hankel Operators with the Sine Kernel

Let stand for the integral operators with the sine kernels acting on L ²[0,α]. Dyson conjectured that the asymptotics of the Fredholm determinants of are given by

傅里叶变换红外光谱仪干涉仪系统的设计

设计了一种基于立体角镜与固定平面镜组合的干涉仪系统,以解决传统傅里叶变换红外光谱仪中干涉仪系统由于动镜的倾斜与横移影响光谱质量的问题。系统包含一对立体角镜,两面相互垂直的固定平面镜,以及分束器。通过对立体角镜的倾斜与横移、立体角镜垂直度误差以及两固定平面镜的倾斜与垂直度误差对干涉信号初相位与调制度的影响进行分析,表明立体角镜的倾斜与横移、固定平面镜的垂直度误差等因素不会影响干涉信号的初相位与调制度;通过对干涉仪进行实际测试表明,仪器具有结构简单紧凑、密封性好、分辨率高以及抗震性强等优点。     

Determination of the standard deviation of height on a rough surface using interference microscopy

When a rough surface is viewed in an interference microscope with tilt fringes introduced, the effect of the roughness is to reduce the average visibility of the tilt fringes. The relationship between the standard deviation of surface height and the average visibility of the tilt fringes is derived, and experimental results are presented of measurements made on ground glass surfaces using a Linnik interference microscope.     

Study of the decay B0(B- 0)-->rho+rho-, and constraints on the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle alpha

Using a data sample of 89 x 10(6) Upsilon(4S)-->BB decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric B Factory at SLAC, we measure the B0(B (0))-->rho(+)rho(-) branching fraction as [30+/-4(stat)+/-5(syst)]x10(-6) and a longitudinal polarization fraction of f(L)=0.99+/-0.03(stat)+0.04-0.03(syst). We measure the time-dependent-asymmetry parameters of the longitudinally polarized component of this decay as C(L)=-0.17+/-0.27(stat)+/-0.14(syst) and S(L)=-0.42+/-0.42(stat)+/-0.14(syst). We exclude values of alpha between 19 degrees and 71 degrees (90% C.L.).     

丙二醇甲醚中超痕量金属杂质元素的ICP-MS/MS分析

基于电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(ICP-MS/MS)建立了准确测定丙二醇甲醚中超痕量金属杂质元素的分析方法,提出了利用混合反应气消除质谱干扰的新策略.丙二醇甲醚经超纯水稀释后直接采用IC P-MS/MS测定其中具有挑战性的超痕量金属元素Mg,Al,K,Ti,V,Cr,Fe,Ni,Cu和Zn,在MS/MS模式下,选择混合气...     

Effect of penguin operators in the B0 --> J/psiK0 CP asymmetry

Performing a fit to the available experimental data, we quantify the effect of long-distance contributions from penguin contractions in B0 --> J/psiK0 decays. We estimate the deviation of the measured S(CP) term of the time-dependent CP asymmetry from sin2beta induced by these contributions and by the penguin operators. We find deltaS is identically equal to S(CP)(J/psiK) - sin2beta = 0.000 +/- 0.012 ([-0.025, 0.024]@95% probability), an uncertainty much larger than previous estimates and comparable to the present systematic error quoted by the experiments at the B factories.     

Interpretation of multi-frequency acoustic data: effects of fish orientation

One goal of fisheries acoustics is to develop objective classification or identification methods to automate allocation of acoustic backscatter to species. Classification schemes rely on consistent relationships for successful apportionment of acoustic backscatter to species. A method is developed that compares frequency-dependent volume backscatter from an acoustical survey of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) to investigate the potential for classifying herring. Predicted backscattering patterns by a Kirchhoff-ray approximation are used to explain the observed relationships and evaluate the potential for classification of multi-frequency data. Combining predicted backscatter with observations of the frequency-dependent volume backscatter gave approximately 40% classification success, which is not sufficient for survey purposes. However, this method highlighted potential consequences that fish orientation may have on classification schemes and density and abundance estimates. This method of comparing multi-frequency volume backscatter appears to be beneficial for detecting behavioral changes by groups of fish, which may be used to select target strength values for density or abundance estimates. Utilizing predicted target strengths from numerical or analytical solutions or approximations, appropriate target strengths could be selected and would provide more accurate estimates of fish density and abundance.     

Using kaon regeneration to probe the quark mixing parameter cos2beta in B --> psiK decays

We suggest a novel method to determine the sign of cos2beta in the decays B --> psiK, by creating interference between K(L) and K(S) final states via "regeneration," that is propagation through a matter target region to convert some K(L) to K(S). The determination of this quantity resolves an ambiguity between beta and 90 degrees -beta that remains after the standard measurements of sin2beta and may turn out to be important in resolving whether the result is in agreement with standard model predictions or indicates the presence of new physics. We find the measurement is feasible at a B factory, but requires several years of high-luminosity running with a regeneration target affecting a significant fraction of the detector.     

Localization and source level estimates of black drum (Pogonias cromis) calls

A four hydrophone linear array was used to localize calling black drum and estimate source levels and signal propagation. A total of 1025 source level estimates averaged 165 dB(RMS) relative (re:) 1 μPa (standard deviation (SD)=1.0). The authors suggest that the diverticulated morphology of the black drum swimbladder increase the bladder's surface area, thus contributing to sound amplitude. Call energy was greatest in the fundamental frequency (94 Hz) followed by the second (188 Hz) and third harmonics (282 Hz). A square root model best described propagation of the entire call, and separately the fundamental frequency and second harmonic. A logarithmic model best described propagation of the third harmonic which was the only component to satisfy the cut-off frequency equation. Peak auditory sensitivity was 300 Hz at a 94 dB re: 1 μPa threshold based on auditory evoked potential measurements of a single black drum. Based on mean RMS source level, signal propagation, background levels, and hearing sensitivity, the communication range of black drum was estimated at 33-108 m and was limited by background levels not auditory sensitivity. This estimate assumed the source and receiver were at approximately 0.5 m above the bottom. Consecutive calls of an individual fish localized over 59 min demonstrated a mean calling period of 3.6 s (SD=0.48), mean swimming speed of 0.5 body lengths/s, and a total distance swam of 1035 m.     

Ring wave solutions of a n+1-dimensional Sine-Gordon model

The dynamical properties of the ring wave solutions of the model psi(tt)- nabla (n) (2)psi+sin psi+ varepsilon sin (psi/2)+alphapsi(t)=0 (00, alpha=0 (or alpha>0) the return effect of the ring wave does not occur only for well defined values of varepsilon. It will be shown numerically that the dissipative perturbation alphapsi(t) (alpha>0) stabilizes both the velocity and the wave profile of the ring wave when the return effect does not occur. (c) 1997 American Institute of Physics.     

Development of non-lethal sampling of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in salmonids: effects of lipid and inorganic components of fins

The preferred tissue for analyses of fish stable isotope ratios for most researchers is muscle, the sampling of which typically requires the specimen to be sacrificed. The use of non-destructive methods in fish isotopic research has been increasing recently, but as yet is not a standard procedure. Previous studies have reported varying levels of success regarding the utility of non-lethally obtained stable isotope materials, e.g. fins, but none have accounted for the potential compounding effects of inorganic components of fin rays or lipids. Comparisons of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) stable isotope ratios of muscle with adipose and caudal fin of two salmonids, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), revealed that caudal fin can be used as a non-destructive surrogate for muscle in stable isotope analysis, but that adipose fin, where available, is a better proxy. The use of a published model to inexpensively counteract the confounding effect of lipids, which are depleted in ¹³C, greatly improved the relationship between fish muscle and fins. However, efforts to account for the inorganic components of fin rays were counterproductive and required twice the biomass of fins clipped from each fish. As this experiment was conducted on wild fish, controlled laboratory studies are required to confirm these field observations.