铜质水嘴中铅含量与析出量的相关性探讨

试验探讨铜质水嘴中铅含量与析出量的关系。对一系列含铅标准铜片按照GB/T 17219–1998《生活饮用水输配水设备及防护材料的安全性评价标准》要求进行浸泡试验,使用原子吸收光谱法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测浸泡液中的铅含量,再利用20个已知铅含量的铜质水嘴样品进行析出量的检测和验证。得到铜质水嘴中铅含量与析出量的关系。试验结果表明:大部分内腔有电镀层的铜质水嘴,铅析出量小于5.0μg/L;内腔无电镀层的铜质水嘴中铅含量小于0.5%时,铅析出量小于5.0μg/L,符合GB/T 17219–1998标准要求。     

水嘴国标对17种重金属析出量强制限定

<正>质检总局和国家标准委不久前发布了新修订的《陶瓷片密封水嘴》(GB 18145–2014)强制性国家标准,将水嘴的重金属析出、密封性能、流量、寿命作为强制性条款,其中重金属析出一款对17种重金属析出规定了严格的限量值。新标准将于2014年12月1日实施。据国家标准委有关人士介绍,随着经济发展和社会进步,我国城乡居民对健康安全的要求越来越高。为满足健康安全需求,国家标准委高度重视水嘴铅超标问题,委托全国建筑卫生陶瓷标准化技术委员会组织行业专家、检验机构、     

装饰用焊接不锈钢管镍含量的快速测定

采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法快速测定装饰用焊接不锈钢管的镍含量,测定波长为232.0nm。试验数据表明,本法对样品测定结果的相对标准偏差小于4％,在国家标准GB／T223、25-1994方法规定的重复性范围内,对标准样品测定结果与国标法测定结果的偏差满足规定要求。检测耗时约是GB／T223.25-1994方法的1／5。本方法是一种实用、高效、准确地测定装饰用焊接不锈钢管中镍含量的方法。     

微波适用塑料食品保鲜膜/袋组分的总迁移量测定方法的对比

从超市选购15种微波适用塑料食品保鲜膜或袋作为样品,应用EN 1186-13-2002和GB/T 5009.156-2003两种标准方法中所述方法对样品在存放脂肪类食品时其组分迁移至食品中的总量做了测定。试验中用橄榄油和正己烷作为模拟食品,GB/T标准方法的检测结果表明:15种样品均属合格产品,而EN标准方法的检测结果表明在此15种样品中有4种属不合格,其合格率为73.3%。为探究两种方法所得结果存在差异的原因,采用红外光谱法(IR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)及热失重法(TG)3种测试方法对上述样品作进一步研究。结果发现不合格的样品中含填料较高。此外,EN标准方法中所采用的样品预处理条件与实际使用情况更为接近。     

黑苦荞保健茶中重金属的分析评价

采用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光度法测定了四川省凉山州某几个品牌黑苦荞保健茶中的重金属铅、镉、铬、无机砷和汞的含量,并以NY/T 1510-2007标准绿色食品麦类制品为依据,对黑苦荞保健茶重金属污染状况进行了分析评价。结果表明,黑苦荞保健茶受重金属元素污染的程度由高到低表现为铅、铬、镉、无机砷和汞,但含量均未超过国家标准规定;黑苦荞叶芽茶和全株茶的重金属污染较为严重,全胚茶未受重金属污染。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定辛菌胺危险废物工业盐中9种重金属元素

采用王水消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）对辛菌胺生产工艺中产生的危险废物工业盐中9种重金属元素Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cr、Be、Ba、As、Ni 同时进行测定。研究了固液比、提取时间、提取温度等对样品重金属浸出浓度的影响,并通过高盐基体同重金属元素一起建立标准曲线以消除基体干扰。9种重金属在各自的检测范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,方法的检出限为0.0001～0.03 mg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为 0.20%～1.84%,样品加标回收率为 93.0%～104.6%,废盐中杂质元素含量均未超过GB 5085.3-2007中浸出毒性危害成分浓度限值。该方法操作简便,测定快速、结果准确并且检出限低,满足测定要求,适用于高盐危险废物中9种重金属元素的浸出毒性分析测定。     

钢铁及其合金中铬含量测定结果的不确定度评定

对用GB／T223、11—1991《过硫酸铵氧化容量法测定铬量》的方法测定钢铁及合金中铬含量测量结果的不确定度进行了评定。对样品测量过程中的不确定度分量进行了分析和量化,求得铬含量测定结果的标准不确定度和扩展不确定度分别为0．06％和0．12％。     

ICP—MS法测定桐油中的重金属元素

目的建立桐油中重金属元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP—MS）检测方法。方法采用硝酸、双氧水、高氯酸消解法处理样品,用ICP—MS测定桐油中的12种重金属元素。结果12种重金属元素的检出限在0．0008—0．4746μg／L之间,样品回收率在88．9％-108．0％,方法精密度（RSD）为0．3％-7．8％。结论方法简便、快速、准确,可作为桐油中重金属元素含量检测方法。     

碳素钢氧氮气体标准样品的研制

依据《标准样品工作导则》(GB/T 15000.1~15000.5-1994)和《冶金产品分析用标准样品技术规范》(YB/T 082-1996)研制了3个水平含量的碳素钢氧氮气体标准样品,对其均匀性、稳定性检验后进行定值,定值结果分别为氧:0.002 2%、0.008 8%、0.011 5%;氮:0.007 00%、0.003 20%、0.002 5%。定值水平与国内外同类样品相当。     

β-烟碱标准样品研制

依据GB/T 15000标准样品工作导则,开展了β-烟碱国家标准样品研制工作。采用溶剂提取、萃取、柱色谱、水蒸汽蒸馏等方法制备β-烟碱样品,通过UV,IR,MS和NMR等方法对β-烟碱样品进行结构鉴定,并进行均匀性、稳定性检验。采用8家实验室进行联合定值,对定值结果进行数据分析。β-烟碱标准样品的均匀性和稳定性良好,定值结果为99.12%,置信度95%的扩展不确定度为0.64%。所制得的β-烟碱样品满足标准样品工作导则的要求,可用于有关烟草产品中β-烟碱的检测,以及相关产品的质量控制。     

Hydrophilic segmented block copolymers based on poly(ethylene oxide) and monodisperse amide segments

Segmented block copolymers based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) flexible segments and monodisperse crystallizable bisester tetra‐amide segments were made via a polycondensation reaction. The molecular weight of the PEO segments varied from 600 to 4600 g/mol and a bisester tetra‐amide segment (T6T6T) based on dimethyl terephthalate (T) and hexamethylenediamine (6) was used. The resulting copolymers were melt‐processable and transparent. The crystallinity of the copolymers was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR). The thermal properties were studied by DSC, temperature modulated synchrotron small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The elastic properties were evaluated by compression set (CS) test. The crystallinity of the T6T6T segments in the copolymers was high (>84%) and the crystallization fast due to the use of monodisperse tetra‐amide segments. DMA experiments showed that the materials had a low T_g, a broad and almost temperature independent rubbery plateau and a sharp flow temperature. With increasing PEO length both the PEO melting temperature and the PEO crystallinity increased. When the PEO segment length was longer than 2000 g/mol the PEO melting temperature was above room temperature and this resulted in a higher modulus and in higher compression set values at room temperature. The properties of PEO‐T6T6T copolymers were compared with similar poly(propylene oxide) and poly(tetramethylene oxide) copolymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4522–4535, 2007     

Effect of monomer structures and preparation methods on the morphology and properties of UV cured organic–inorganic hybrid films

The effects of preparation methods and monomer chemical structures on the microstructure, morphology, and properties of the hybrid films were studied. 7DBPA‐3S was synthesized by the sol–gel reaction of precondensed silica particles with alkoxysilane‐modified polymers DBPA. DBP‐POBG3T3 was prepared by the radiation curing of comb‐like UV curable alkoxysilanes POBG3T3 with UV curable polymer DBP, followed by the sol–gel reaction of alkoxysilanes. The DBP‐POBG3T3 film consisted of polymer matrix and large tethered aggregates with tiny silica connected by organic chains. On the contrary, silica nanoparticles were well‐dispersed in the 7DBPA‐3S hybrid film. The TEM, energy dispersive X‐ray Si‐mapping and P‐mapping images are good experimental approaches to characterize the texture of the tethered aggregates. The 7DBPA‐3S hybrid composite with well‐dispersed silica nanoparticles exhibited smoother surface, higher transparency, and better thermal stability than the DBP‐POBG3T3 composite did. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1152–1165, 2007     

Magnetic field effects on the polymerization of 6‐N,N‐dioctylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐dithiol

Electrochemical polymerization of monosodium salt ( 1b ) of 6‐N,N‐dioctylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐dithiol on stainless steels was investigated in zero (0T), perpendicular (5T⊥), and parallel (5T//) magnetic fields which are arranged perpendicular and parallel to the direction of electrolytic current. 5T⊥ magnetic field enhances the formation rate of poly(6‐N,N‐dioctylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐disulfide) 2 films but suppresses the crystallinity of 2 . However, 5T// magnetic field enhances the formation rate and the crystallinity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:60–64, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20257     

Fatty acid hydrazides in heterocyclic synthesis: Synthesis of 1,2‐diazepine and pyridazine derivatives

1,2‐Diazepinone derivatives 6a–d, 8a,b, and 10a–c were synthesized from the reaction of olefines carrying EWG as ethoxymethylene malononitrile, ethoxymethylene cyanoacetate, and tetracyanoethylene with 1a–f respectively. Also, 5‐alkyl‐6‐oxotetrahydropyridazine‐4,4‐dicarboxylate derivatives 12a–c were afforded via the reaction of 1d–f with diethyl ethoxymethylene malonate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:259–264, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20294     

Morphology development of main‐chain liquid crystalline polymer fibers during solvent evaporation

A nonequilibrium thermodynamic approach has been developed for describing the emergence of fiber morphologies from a liquid crystalline polymer solution undergoing solvent evaporation, including fibrillar structures, concentric rings, and spiral structures. We utilized Matsuyama–Kato free energy for main‐chain liquid crystalline polymer (MCLCP) solutions, which is an extension of Maier–Saupe theory for nematic ordering and incorporates a chain‐stiffening, combined with Flory‐Huggins free energy of mixing. Temporal evolution of the concentration and nematic order parameters pertaining to the above free energy density of liquid crystalline polymer solution was simulated in the context of time‐dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory coupled with the solvent evaporation rate equation under the quasi‐steady state assumption. The emerged morphological patterns are discussed in relation to the phase diagram of the MCLCP solution and the rate of solvent evaporation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 429–435, 2007     

New bis(diphenylphosphino)aniline derivatives: Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization

Six new multidentate bis(diphenyl‐phosphino)amine [R–N(PPh₂)₂] ligands have been prepared from the reaction of aniline derivatives, R–NH₂, with Ph₂PCl in the presence of triethylamine. All of the compounds were obtained in good yields and were characterized by NMR, IR, and microanalysis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:613–616, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20362     

Ab initio study of the unimolecular decomposition of 2‐butenenitrile: Molecular elimination channels

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been performed for the unimolecular decomposition of 2‐butenenitrile (CH₃CH?CHCN), especially for HCN and H₂ molecular elimination channels. Structures and energies of the reactants, products, and relevant species in the individual reaction pathways were determined by MP2 gradient optimization and MP4 CCSD(T) single‐point energy calculations. Direct 1,1 and 1,2 molecular eliminations and H or CN migration followed by elimination channels were identified. Dissociation rates for the individual reaction pathways were calculated from vibrational frequencies at the ab initio transition state geometries by employing Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus theory, from which channel branching ratios were determined. It was concluded that the most important reaction channel should be the direct 1,1 three‐center molecular elimination of HCN. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007     

Kinetics of OH radical reaction with phenanthrene: New absolute rate measurements and comparison with other PAHs

Using an in situ pulsed laser photolysis/pulsed laser‐induced fluorescence/technique, the OH reaction kinetics of a three‐ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), phenanthrene (and its deuterated form), was investigated over the temperature range of 373–1000 K. This study represents the first examination of the OH kinetics for phenanthrene at elevated temperatures using the absolute rate technique. The phenanthrene results indicate a temperature dependence similar to its isomer anthracene, reported previously in R. Ananthula, T. Yamada, and P. H. Taylor, J Phys Chem A 2006, 100, 3559–3566, over a similar temperature range. The phenanthrene rate constants are similar to anthracene at high temperature (ca. 1000 K) and a factor of ca. 2 lower at low temperatures (373–700 K). The rate measurements were best fitted by the following two‐parameter expression of the form ATⁿ: k₁(373–1000 K) = 4.98 ± 2.96 × 10^?6 * T^?1.97±0.10 (in units of cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1, error limits ±1σ). Rate measurements with deuterated phenanthrene below 725 K were indistinguishable from the phenanthrene rate measurements, within random error limits, providing strong evidence for an OH‐addition mechanism. The effects of PAH size on their reactivity with OH radicals based on selected data over the temperature range of 243–1200 K are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 629–637, 2007     

A report on the “new frontiers in group 13 chemistry” symposium from the 88th Canadian Society for Chemistry Conference and Exhibition

The 88th Canadian Society for Chemistry Conference and Exhibition was held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, during the period of May 28–June 1, 2005. More than 250 chemists from various academic institutes and industries enjoyed five plenary lectures, thirteen oral presentations and a plethora of poster presentations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:323–332, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20287     

An efficient electrochemical method for synthesis of (1h‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ylthio)benzen‐1,2‐diol derivatives

Electrochemical oxidation of catechols ( 1a–c ) has been studied in the presence of 3‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazole ( 3 ) as a nucleophile in water/acetonitrile (90/10) solutions. The results revealed that the quinones derived from catechols ( 1a–c ) participate in the Michael addition reactions with anion of 3‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazole ( 3 ) and are converted to the corresponding (1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ylthio)benzen‐1,2‐diol derivatives ( 4a–c ). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:644–649, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20359