A Rapid and Simple UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Quantification of Plasma Globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3)

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by α-galactosidase A gene (GLA) mutations, resulting in loss of activity of the lysosomal hydrolase, α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). As a result, the main glycosphingolipid substrates, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3), accumulate in plasma, urine, and tissues. Here, we propose a simple, fast, and sensitive method for plasma quantification of lyso-Gb3, the most promising secondary screening target for FD. Assisted protein precipitation with methanol using Phree cartridges was performed as sample pre-treatment and plasma concentrations were measured using UHPLC-MS/MS operating in MRM positive electrospray ionization. Method validation provided excellent results for the whole calibration range (0.25–100 ng/mL). Intra-assay and inter-assay accuracy and precision (CV%) were calculated as <10%. The method was successfully applied to 55 plasma samples obtained from 34 patients with FD, 5 individuals carrying non-relevant polymorphisms of the GLA gene, and 16 healthy controls. Plasma lyso-Gb3 concentrations were larger in both male and female FD groups compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.001). Normal levels of plasma lyso-Gb3 were observed for patients carrying non-relevant mutations of the GLA gene compared to the control group (p = 0.141). Dropping the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) to 0.25 ng/mL allowed us to set the optimal plasma lyso-Gb3 cut-off value between FD patients and healthy controls at 0.6 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 97.1%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 0.998 expressed by the area under the ROC curve (C.I. 0.992 to 1.000, p-value < 0.001). Based on the results obtained, this method can be a reliable tool for early phenotypic assignment, assessing diagnoses in patients with borderline GalA activity, and confirming non-relevant mutations of the GLA gene.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中重组牛生长激素N-末端肽链

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中重组牛生长激素N-末端肽链的方法。样品溶液以乙腈-0.05%(体积分数)甲酸(4+6)溶液作为定容溶剂。以Waters ACQUITY BEH-C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的乙腈和0.05%甲酸溶液混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源多反应监测模式检测。重组牛生长激素N-末端肽链的质量浓度在0.1~2mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.02mg·kg-1。以空白牛奶样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在85.0%~88.6%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于9%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中加替沙星、莫西沙星和左氧氟沙星

提出了同时测定水产品中加替沙星、莫西沙星和左氧氟沙星的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经乙腈提取、正己烷除脂浓缩后用Supelclean LC-SCX固相萃取柱富集,用氨水甲醇(25+75)溶液洗脱。洗脱液氮气吹干,用乙腈-水(10+90)溶液溶解定容至2.0mL,取10μL进行分离测定。以不同体积比的乙腈与5mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵的混合溶液为流动相作梯度淋洗,经ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾正离子源及多反应监测模式测定。对3种化合物的质谱裂解规律进行了研究,3种化合物的质量分数在1 00μg·kg~(-1)以内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)在3.7～4.8μg·kg~(-1)之间;以3种水产品样品为基体,在3个标准加入水平下进行回收率和精密度试验,加标回收率在70.5%～83.7%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均不大于13%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定发泡聚苯乙烯材料中的六溴环十二烷

采用超高液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定发泡聚苯乙烯材料中阻燃剂α,β,γ-六溴环十二烷(HBCD)。样品用乙腈进行萃取,选用Waters ACQUITY UPLC@BEH C18色谱柱分离,以乙腈-5 mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱中选用多反应监测模式分析。HBCD各异构体的质量浓度在一定范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.2 mg·kg-1。加标回收率在81.7%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)小于15%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食用植物油中胆固醇含量

提出了食用植物油中胆固醇的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。食用植物油经皂化后用石油醚-乙醚(1+1)溶液提取,以Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(50mm×2.1mm,5μm)为分离柱,以甲酸-甲醇(0.1+99.9)溶液为流动相,以2,2,3,4,4,6-d6胆固醇为内标,采用大气压化学电离源在多反应监测负离子模式下进行测定,胆固醇和内标的定量离子对分别为m/z369.2/146.9,369.2/160.9和375.2/166.5。胆固醇在0.1～5mg·L-1范围内呈线性,测定下限(10S/N)为0.02ng。在3个浓度水平上对方法做回收试验,测得回收率在102%～110%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鳗鱼中四环素类药物残留

5.0g水产品组织样品,用乙二胺四乙酸二钠的柠檬酸缓冲溶液提取,用正己烷去除脂肪后,经GL-PakPLS-2小柱净化,旋转蒸发器减压蒸干后,用甲醇-水(30+70)溶液溶解,样液用超高压液相色谱分离,电喷雾串联四级杆质谱进行检测,外标法定量。测定4种四环素类药物的线性范围均为5.0～100.0μg.L-1,在5,20,50μg.kg-1的3个添加水平范围内平均回收率为70.6%～93.4%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为6.3%～10.5%,方法测定下限(10S/N)可达5.0μg.kg-1。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜产品中6种青霉素类药物残留

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定牛肉和牛奶中青霉素类药物残留。样品以磷酸盐缓冲溶液提取、乙酸锌沉淀蛋白、正己烷脱脂,然后经HLB固相萃取柱净化后,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分离检测,外标法定量。6种青霉素的线性范围均在25.0μg·L-1以内,检出限(3S/N)为2μg·kg-1,测定下限(10S/N)为5μg·kg-1。加标回收率在77.0%~99.8%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.7%~13%之间。     

Development of a Multimatrix UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Paracetamol and Its Metabolites in Animal Tissues

Paracetamol/acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most popular pharmacologically active substances used as an analgesic and antipyretic agent. The metabolism of this drug occurs in the liver and leads to the formation of two main metabolites—glucuronic acid and sulfate derivate. Despite the wide use of paracetamol in veterinary medicine, a handful of analytical methods were published for the determination of paracetamol residues in animal tissues. In this paper, a multimatrix method has been developed for the determination of paracetamol and two metabolites—paracetamol sulfate (PS) and p-Acetamidophenyl β-D-glucuronide (PG). A validation procedure was conducted to verify method reliability and fit purpose as a tool for analyzing acetaminophen and metabolites in muscle, liver, lung, and kidney samples from different species of animals. Established validation parameters were in agreement with acceptable criteria laid by the European legislation. The initial significant matrix effect was successfully reduced by implementing an internal standard—4-Acetamidophenyl β-D-glucuronide-d3 (PG-d3, IS). The usefulness of the developed method was verified by analyzing samples from an experiment in which paracetamol was administrated to geese.     

Development and validation of an UHPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of palbociclib,letrozole and its metabolite carbinol in rat plasma and pharmacokinetic study application

A sensitive and selective UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine of palbociclib (PLB), letrozole (LTZ) and its metabolite carbinol (CBL) in rat plasma. After sample pre-treatment by acetonitrile-protein precipitation, the chromatographies resolution was performed using a reversed phase Acquity® UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7 μm particle size, 50 mm × 2.1 mm ID) in isocratic mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol and water containing 0.1% acetic acid (55:45, v/v) at pH 4.5. The flow rate and run time were 300 µL/min and 2.5 min, respectively. The target drugs were detected in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using tandem mass spectrometer coupled to a positive ESI interface to monitor the precursor-to-product ion transitions. Method validation was assessed as per the FDA guidelines for determination of PLB, LTZ and CBL within the concentration ranges 0.5–600 ng/mL for PLB and LTZ and 0.2–200 ng/mL for CBL (r² ≥ 0.997). The rest of validation parameters were within the accepted limits. The validated method was applied to PK study of these drugs in rats, and succeeded to determine the values of the PK parameters of PLB and LTZ.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中9种抗凝血灭鼠剂的残留量

食品样品用乙腈提取,经弗洛里小柱净化后,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定其中9种抗凝血灭鼠剂的含量。色谱分离用甲醇和10mmol.L-1乙酸铵溶液以不同体积比混合为流动相梯度洗脱,采用负离子模式电喷雾离子源在多反应监测模式下进行检测。噻鼠酮的检出限(3S/N)为0.38μg.kg-1,其余8种灭鼠剂的检出限(3S/N)均为0.08μg.kg-1。以空白食品样品为基体,加入3种浓度水平的灭鼠剂标准做回收试验,测得回收率在55.3%～118.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.2%～14.8%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定染发剂中7种酚类化合物

提出了应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定染发剂中4-氨基-2-硝基苯酚、3-二乙氨基酚、2-氨基-4-氯苯酚、2-氨基-5-硝基苯酚、2-氨基-3-硝基苯酚、1,7-二羟基萘酚和2,3-二羟基萘酚等7种酚类化合物的方法。采用甲醇萃取染发剂中酚类成分,经WatersAcquityUPLCTMBEHC18色谱柱分离,外标法定量,多反应监测模式采集质谱数据。7种酚类化合物的检出限(3S/N)均低于50.0μg.L-1。在10,20,50μg.g-1三个添加水平下,7种酚类化合物的回收率在68.8%～112.5%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.58%～12.61%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定皮革中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸

样品经甲醇索式提取180 min及复合式弱阴离子交换固相萃取柱富集,用氨水-甲醇(1+99)溶液从柱上洗脱PFOS和PFOA使净化。洗脱液在45℃氮气吹干,残渣用流动相乙腈-5 mmol.L-1乙酸胺(42+58)混合溶液溶解定容至5 mL,取10μL注入超高效液相色谱仪。以不同体积比的乙腈与5 mmol.L-1乙酸铵的混合溶液为流动相作梯度淋洗,经C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)分离。采用电喷雾负离子源及多反应监测模式测定。PFOS和PFOA的质量浓度均在40.0μg.L-1以内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)均为1μg.L-1。在3个标准加入水平下进行了回收率和精密度试验,PFOS和PFOA的加标回收率分别在90.0%～99.4%和91.6%～104.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均不大于13%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定印刷电路板中全氟辛烷磺酸盐

经剪碎和粉碎的印刷电路板样品用甲酸-甲醇(0.1+99.9)溶液超声提取,所得提取液于45℃旋转蒸发至1mL,加水5mL,用稀甲酸或稀氨水调节溶液的pH值为4～5。将溶液通过Oasis WAX固相萃取小柱净化,用甲酸(2+98)溶液和甲醇先后清洗小柱后,用氨水-甲醇(2+98)混合溶液洗脱,将全部洗脱液氮吹蒸发至近干,用流动相溶液定容为1mL供测定。所用色谱柱为Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱,柱温30℃,进样量为5μL。由5mmol.L-1乙酸铵溶液及乙腈(60+40)混合溶液作为流动相,在0.3mL.min-1流量条件下进行洗脱。质谱测定中采用ESI负电离方式,多反应监测扫描模式。测得全氟辛烷磺酸盐质量分数在1.0～1 000μg.kg-1范围内与峰面积值呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为1.0μg.kg-1。用标准加入法测得回收率在89.0%～99.3%之间。     

Development and application of UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of phenolic compounds in Chamomile flowers and Chamomile tea extracts

UHPLC-MS/MS method using BEH C18 analytical column was developed for the separation and quantitation of 12 phenolic compounds of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). The separation was accomplished using gradient elution with mobile phase consisting of methanol and formic acid 0.1%. ESI in both positive and negative ion mode was optimized with the aim to reach high sensitivity and selectivity for quantitation using SRM experiment. ESI in negative ion mode was found to be more convenient for quantitative analysis of all phenolics except of chlorogenic acid and kaempherol, which demonstrated better results of linearity, accuracy and precision in ESI positive ion mode. The results of method validation confirmed, that developed UHPLC-MS/MS method was convenient and reliable for the determination of phenolic compounds in Chamomile extracts with linearity >0.9982, accuracy within 76.7-126.7% and precision within 2.2-12.7% at three spiked concentration levels. Method sensitivity expressed as LOQ was typically 5-20 nmol/l.Extracts of Chamomile flowers and Chamomile tea were subjected to UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The most abundant phenolic compounds in both Chamomile flowers and Chamomile tea extracts were chlorogenic acid, umbelliferone, apigenin and apigenin-7-glucoside. In Chamomile tea extracts there was greater abundance of flavonoid glycosides such as rutin or quercitrin, while the aglycone apigenin and its glycoside were present in lower amount.     

Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Short Peptide-Based Drugs in Human Blood Plasma

A novel HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs and somatostatin analog quantitation was developed and validated. The developed method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies. The sample preparation process included solid-phase extraction (SPE). Effective chromatographic separation of the analytes and internal standard (dalargin) was achieved with a C18 column, using a gradient elution with two mobile phases: 0.1% v/v formic acid (aqueous solution) and 0.1% v/v formic acid (acetonitrile solution). The linearity of the method was demonstrated within a concentration range of 0.5–20 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients between 0.998–0.999 for goserelin, buserelin, triptorelin, and octreotide, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD, %) values for method accuracy and precision did not exceed 20% at the lower level of quantitation (LLOQ) or 15% at other concentration levels.     

Validation of an LC–MS/MS Method for the Quantification of the CK2 Inhibitor Silmitasertib (CX-4945) in Human Plasma

Silmitasertib (CX-4945) is currently being investigated in clinical trials against various types of cancer. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has already granted orphan drug designation to the compound for the treatment of advanced cholangiocarcinoma, medulloblastoma, and biliary tract cancer. Silmitasertib inhibits the serine/threonine protein kinase CK2, which exerts a proliferation-promoting and anti-apoptotic effect on cancer cells. In view of current and future applications, the measurement of silmitasertib levels in plasma is expected to play an important role in the evaluation of therapeutic and toxic concentrations in cancer patients. In the present work, we therefore present an LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of silmitasertib in human plasma. Using a simple liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate, this method can be performed in any laboratory with mass spectrometry. The validation was carried out according to the FDA guideline.     

Validation of a sensitive LC/MS/MS method for the determination of zidovudine and lamivudine in human plasma

A sensitive LC/MS/MS assay for determining zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (3TC) in human plasma was validated to support antiretroviral pharmacology research programs. After addition of stable labeled isotopic zidovudine (ZDV‐IS) and lamivudine (3TC‐IS) as internal standard, a solid‐phase extraction was performed with an Oasis HLB 1 cm³ cartridge, with recoveries of 92.3% for ZDV and 93.9% for 3TC. A Phenomonex Synergi Hydro‐RP (2.0 × 150 mm) reversed‐phase analytical column was utilized for chromatographic separation. The mobile phase consisted of an aqueous solution of 15% acetonitrile and 0.1% acetic acid. Detection was accomplished by ESI/MS/MS in the positive ion mode, monitoring 268/127, 271/130, 230/112 and 233/115 transitions, for ZDV, ZDV‐IS, 3TC and 3TC‐IS, respectively. The method was linear from 1 to 3000 ng/mL with a minimum quantifiable limit of 1 ng/mL when 100 μL of plasma was analyzed. Validation results demonstrated high accuracy (≤8.3% deviation) and high precision (≤10% CV) for the quality control samples. The method was also shown to be specific and reproducible. The value of the high sensitivity was demonstrated by quantitation of approximately 100 existing samples that had ZDV below the limit of quantitation using a previously validated, less sensitive HPLC‐UV method utilized in the laboratory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Simple LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of PDA-66 in Human Plasma

The treatment of cancer is one of the most important pharmacotherapeutic challenges. To this end, chemotherapy has for some time been complemented by targeted therapies against specific structures. PDA-66, a structural analogue of the inhibitor of serine–threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3β SB216763, has shown preclinical antitumour effects in various cell lines, with the key pathways of its anticancer activity being cell cycle modulation, DNA replication and p53 signalling. For the monitoring of anticancer drug treatment in the context of therapeutic drug monitoring, the determination of plasma concentrations is essential, for which an LC-MS/MS method is particularly suitable. In the present study, a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the potential anticancer drug PDA-66 in human plasma with a lower limit of quantification of 2.5 nM is presented. The method was successfully validated and tested for the determination of PDA-66 in mouse plasma and sera.     

Development and Validation of High-Throughput Bioanalytical Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Method for the Quantification of Newly Synthesized Antitumor Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Human Plasma

In the present study, a sensitive and fully validated bioanalytical high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the quantitative determination of three newly synthesized carbonic anhydrases inhibitors (CAIs) with potential antitumor activity in human plasma. The analytes and the internal standard (IS) were extracted using 1.5 mL acetonitrile from only 450 µL aliquots of human plasma to achieve the desired protein precipitation. Chromatographic separations were achieved on Phenomenex Kinetex^® C₁₈ column (100 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 µm) using a binary gradient elution mode with a run time of less than 6 min. The mobile phase consisted of solvent (A): 0.1% formic acid in 50% methanol and solvent B: 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (30:70, v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Detection was employed using triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (API 3500) equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the positive ion mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was selected for quantitation through monitoring the precursor-to-parent ion transition at m/z 291.9 → 173.0, m/z 396.9 → 225.1, m/z 388.9 → 217.0, and m/z 146.9 → 91.0 for AW-9a, WES-1, WES-2, and Coumarin (IS), respectively. Linearity was computed using the weighted least-squares linear regression method (1/x²) over a concentration range of 1–1000, 2.5–800, and 5–500 ng/mL for AW-9a, WES-1, and WES-2; respectively. The bioanalytical LC-MS/MS method was fully validated as per U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines with all respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, carry-over, selectivity, dilution integrity, and stability. The proposed LC-MS/MS method was applied successfully for the determination of all investigated drugs in spiked human plasma with no significant matrix effect, which is a crucial cornerstone in further therapeutic drug monitoring of newly developed therapeutic agents.     

Quantification of taraxasterol in rat plasma by LC/MS/MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study

Taraxasterol, a pentacyclic triterpene from Taraxacum officinale, is one of the main active constituents of the herb. This study developed and validated a highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of taraxasterol in rat plasma over the range of 9.0–5000 ng/mL. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C₁₈ (4.6 × 50 mm, 5.0 µm) column with methanol–isopropanol–water–formic acid (80:10:10:0.1, v/v/v/v) as mobile phase with an isocratic elution. The flow rate was 0.7 mL/min. After adding cucurbitacin IIa as an internal standard (IS), liquid–liquid extraction was used for sample preparation using ethyl acetate. The atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source was applied and operated in positive ion mode. Selected reaction monitoring mode was used for the quantification of transition ions m/z 409.4 → 137.1 for taraxasterol and m/z 503.4 → 113.1 for IS. The mean recoveries of taraxasterol in rat plasma ranged from 85.3 to 87.2%. The matrix effects for taraxasterol were between 98.5 and 104.0%. Intra‐ and inter‐day precision were both <11.8%, and the accuracy of the method ranged from ?7.0 to 12.9%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of taraxasterol after oral administration of 7.75, 15.5 and 31.0 mg/kg in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.