Ginsenoside Rh2 Showing Ability to Induce Apoptosis in HeLa Cells

IntroductionApoptosis( programmed cell death,PCD) hasbeen shown to play an important role in multiplephysiological and pathological processes,such asembryonic development,homeostatic maintenanceof tissues and organs,maturation of the immunesystem,neurologic degeneration,autoimmune andinflammatory disease,atherosclerosis,oncogenesisand tumor progression[1— 4] .Ginsenoside G- Rh2 iso-lated from Panax ginseng belongs to protopanaxa-diol dammarene glycoside[5] .G- Rh2 has a suppres-sive effect…     

Rh/SiO~2和Rh/NaY催化剂上合成气反应的高压原位 红外光谱研究

采用高压原位FT-IR技术,对比研究了CO加H~2反应条件下Rh/SiO~2和Rh/NaY催化剂表面反应中间物种。在Rh/SiO~2表面上,无论在常压还是在1.0MPa合成气中,只观察到线式和桥式吸附CO。而在常压合成气中,Rh/NaY上不仅存在上述CO吸附物种,而且还有孪生型的Rh(Ⅰ)(CO)~2和少量Rh~6(CO)~1~6;当合成气压力升至1.0MPa后,Rh(Ⅰ)(CO)~2迅速转化成Rh~6(CO)~1~6和在2042cm^-^1产生吸收的单核羰基Rh物种,与此同时催化剂表面还生成了单齿和双齿乙酸根物种;这些在高压下生成的物种在合成气压力重新降回到常压时依然稳定存在。研究Rh/NaY上合成气反应表面物种与H~2的反应行为表明单齿乙酸根很可能是反应的活性中间物。这些结果说明Rh/NaY催化剂在高压合成气中的重构是诱发选择生成乙酸反应的基础。     

负载型铑羰基簇催化剂对二氧化碳甲烷化催化性能的研究

利用Rh_4(CO)_(12)制备了负载于γ-Al_2O_3的金属催化剂,考察了它对二氧化碳加氢甲烷化反应的催化活性,并与由RhCl_3制得的催化剂进行比较,发现由铑羰基簇制得的催化剂有较高的催化活性,存在着明显的簇效应.利用小角X-射线衍射分析了催化剂表面的铑粒子分布状态,结果表明,由Rh_4(CO)_(12)制得的催化剂其载体表面金属铑原子有较大的聚集度,且这种聚集度的适当增大对应着铑CO_2甲烷化产率的相应提高,为簇效应的存在提供了佐证.     

Rh／SiO_2上H_2的化学吸附

Ｒｈ／ＳｉＯ_２上Ｈ_２的化学吸附陈耀强，龚茂初，明虹，周建略，杜宗英，祝小红，陈豫（四川大学化学系，成都，６１００６４）关键词Ｒｈ／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂，Ｈ_２化学吸附，ＩＲＨ２在Ｒｈ上的化学吸附被认为是解离化学吸附［１］．而Ｒｈ－Ｈ的红外振动谱带是Ｈ２在...     

Rh/SiO_2和Rh/NaY催化剂上合成气反应的高压原位红外光谱研究

采用高压原位FT -IR技术 ,对比研究了CO加H2 反应条件下Rh/SiO2 和Rh/NaY催化剂表面反应中间物种 .在Rh/SiO2 表面上 ,无论在常压还是在 1.0MPa合成气中 ,只观察到线式和桥式吸附CO .而在常压合成气中 ,Rh/NaY上不仅存在上述CO吸附物种 ,而且还有孪生型的Rh(I) (CO) 2 和少量Rh6 (CO) 16 ;当合成气压力升至 1.0MPa后 ,Rh(I) (CO) 2 迅速转化成Rh6 (CO) 16 和在 2 0 42cm-1产生吸收的单核羰基Rh物种 ,与此同时催化剂表面还生成了单齿和双齿乙酸根物种 ;这些在高压下生成的物种在合成气压力重新降回到常压时依然稳定存在 .研究Rh/NaY上合成气反应表面物种与H2 的反应行为表明单齿乙酸根很可能是反应的活性中间物 .这些结果说明Rh/NaY催化剂在高压合成气中的重构是诱发选择生成乙酸反应的基础     

银、铑、铱与2-巯基苯并噻唑的配合物的高压液相色谱研究

研究了银、铑、铱与2 巯基苯并噻唑的配合物的高压液相色谱(HPLC)行为,试验了多种固定相和流动相对金属配合物的分离情况,并对某些色谱理论问题进行了探讨。给出了银、铑、铱的同时快速分离及测定条件,Ag、Rh、Ir的检出限均为50ng。4次进样的相对标准偏差分别为Ag:1.9%,Rh:1.0%,Ir:1.2%。     

ZrO2在Rh/γ-Al2O3催化剂中对NO催化还原反应的作用

测定了含ZrO2的Rh/γ-Al2O3催化剂上NO+C2H4和NO+C2H4+O2的反应活性,并应用TPR、XRD、BET比表面等表征了ZrO2的加入方式和晶型对Rh/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性和结构的影响。结果表明,ZrO2的加入一定程度地抑制了Rh3+与γ-Al2O3之间的相互作用和γ-Al2O3的相变,提高了催化剂的热稳定性,明显提高了850℃老化样品的NO+C2H4反应活性。对于NO+C2H4+O2反应,含ZrO2样品的选择还原活性却较低,表明反应机理不同,而且ZrO2对C2H4的深度氧化有促进作用,但老化后活性下降幅度比不含ZrO2的样品小。     

Rh—V／SiO2上H2的化学吸附方式

ＣＯ加氢反应机理是许多研究者感兴趣的课题．负载的Ｒｈ是ＣＯ加氢反应的优良催化剂．ＣＯ在Ｒｈ上吸附态的研究已有许多报道［１～７］,而对Ｈ２有关的吸附态的研究却少见报道．Ｗｏｒｌｅｙ等［８］利用高压超纯Ｈ２在２．２％Ｒｈ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜上首次观测到Ｒｈ—Ｈ...     

A DFT Study of 2-Bromothiophene Adsorption on the Rh(111) Surface

<正>Adsorption behaviors of 2-bromothiophene on the Rh(111)surface were discussed with DFT.The results revealed that adsorption at the parallel hol site and bridge site was the most stable.After adsorption,bond length of 2-bromothiophene changed significantly.Molecular plane was distorted,and C-H(Br,S)in the molecule was oblique and upswept against the metal surface.Vertical adsorption site was less stable than the plane adsorption site,but there was no distortion for the thiophene ring after adsorption.Aromaticity of 2-bromothiophene was destroyed at the hol and bridge adsorption sites,and the carbon atom in the thiophene ring presented quasi-sp~3 hybridization.After adsorption at the parallel hol,2-bromothiophene obtained 0.86 electrons in total,and Rh(111)surface lost 2.08 electrons in all.     

Rh2CO2/Al2O3上H2吸附及CO和H2共吸附

CO加氢反应机理一直是许多化学工作者感兴趣的课题．Rh催化剂因其优良的性能而被用于 CO加氢机理研     

Inhibition of Aldose Reductase by Ginsenoside Derivatives via a Specific Structure Activity Relationship with Kinetics Mechanism and Molecular Docking Study

This present work is designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of 22 ginsenosides via the inhibition against rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR), and human recombinant aldose reductase (HRAR), using _DL-glyceraldehyde as a substrate. Among the ginsenosides tested, ginsenoside Rh2, (20S) ginsenoside Rg3, (20R) ginsenoside Rg3, and ginsenoside Rh1 inhibited RLAR significantly, with IC₅₀ values of 0.67, 1.25, 4.28, and 7.28 µM, respectively. Moreover, protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol, compound K, and ginsenoside Rh1 were potent inhibitors of HRAR, with IC₅₀ values of 0.36, 1.43, 2.23, and 4.66 µM, respectively. The relationship of structure–activity exposed that the existence of hydroxyl groups, linkages, and their stereo-structure, as well as the sugar moieties of the ginsenoside skeleton, represented a significant role in the inhibition of HRAR and RLAR. Additional, various modes of ginsenoside inhibition and molecular docking simulation indicated negative binding energies. It was also indicated that it has a strong capacity and high affinity to bind the active sites of enzymes. Further, active ginsenosides suppressed sorbitol accumulation in rat lenses under high-glucose conditions, demonstrating their potential to prevent sorbitol accumulation ex vivo. The findings of the present study suggest the potential of ginsenoside derivatives for use in the development of therapeutic or preventive agents for diabetic complications.     

In-Situ FT-IR Investigation of Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas over Rh/SiO_2 Catalyst

Partial oxidation of methane to syngas(POM)over Rh/SiO_2 catalyst was investigated using in-situ FT-IR.When methane interacted with 1.0wt%Rh/SiO_2 catalyst,it was dissociated to adsorbed hydrogen and CH_x species.The adsorbed hydrogen atoms were transferred to SiO_2 surface by"spill-over"and reacted with lattice oxygen to form surface -OH species. POM mechanism was investigated over Rh/SiO_2 catalyst using in-situ FT-IR.It was found that CO_2 was formed before CO could be detected when CH_4 and O_2 were introduced over the preoxidized Rh/SiO_2 catalyst,whereas CO was detected before CO_2 was formed over the prereduced Rh/SiO_2 catalyst.     

In-Situ FT-IR Investigation Methane to Syngas over of Partial Oxidation of Rh/SiO2 Catalyst

Partial oxidation of methane to syngas （POM） over Rh/SiO2 catalyst was investigated using in-situ FT-IR. When methane interacted with 1.0wt%Rh/SiO2 catalyst, it was dissociated to adsorbed hydrogen and CHx species. The adsorbed hydrogen atoms were transferred to SiO2 surface by ＂spill-over＂ and reacted with lattice oxygen to form surface -OH species. POM mechanism was investigated over Rh/SiO2 catalyst using in-situ FT-IR. It was found that CO2 was formed before CO could be detected when CH4 and O2 were introduced over the preoxidized Rh/SiO2 catalyst, whereas CO was detected before CO2 was formed over the prereduced Rh/SiO2 catalyst.     

Product oriented oxidative bromination of methane over Rh/SiO2 catalysts

Rh/SiO2 was prepared for the oxidative bromination of methane. The catalyst was prepared by calcination at different temperatures and for different times to obtain catalysts with different specific surface areas for the purposes of producing either CH3Br or CH3Br and CO. It was found that the catalyst having a low specific surface area (calcined at relatively high temperature) favors the selective oxidation of methane to prepare CH3Br, while the catalyst having a high specific surface area favors the deeper partial oxidation of methane, which is good for CH3Br and CO preparation. The 650 h on stream life-time test revealed that the catalytic performance of the 0.4Rh/SiO2--900-10 catalyst was excellent. Both methane conversion and CH3Br selectivity kept increasing trends during the life-time test. No matter how serious was the Rh leaching during the reaction, the 0.4Rh/SiO2--900-10 catalyst did not deactivate at all.     

Hydroformylation of methyl-3-pentenoate over a phosphite ligand modified Rh/SiO2 catalyst

A phosphite ligand modified Rh/SiO2 catalyst has been developed for hydroformylation of internal olefins to linear aldehydes, which showed high activity and regioselectivity and could be separated easily by filtration after reaction in an autoclave. Effects of reaction temperature and syngas pressure on the performances of the catalyst in the reaction were also investigated.     

Activation of the Nrf2 Pathway as a Therapeutic Strategy for ALS Treatment

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive and fatal disease that causes motoneurons degeneration and functional impairment of voluntary muscles, with limited and poorly efficient therapies. Alterations in the Nrf2-ARE pathway are associated with ALS pathology and result in aberrant oxidative stress, making the stimulation of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response a promising therapeutic strategy in ALS to reduce oxidative stress. In this review, we first introduce the involvement of the Nrf2 pathway in the pathogenesis of ALS and the role played by astrocytes in modulating such a protective pathway. We then describe the currently developed activators of Nrf2, used in both preclinical animal models and clinical studies, taking into consideration their potentialities as well as the possible limitations associated with their use.     

金属粒径对锚合膦配体修饰的Rh/SiO_2催化剂氢甲酰化性能的影响

在相同Rh担载量和P/Rh摩尔比的条件下,使用壳型催化剂制备技术制备了具有不同Rh粒径的锚合膦配体修饰的Rh/SiO_2催化剂,以乙烯氢甲酰化反应作为探针反应考察了催化剂的反应性能.结果表明,Rh粒径直接影响催化剂的催化性能:Rh粒径越小,催化剂活性越高,但诱导期越长.通过H2化学吸附、透射电子显微镜、N_2吸附-脱附等温线、原位红外光谱和固体~(31)P核磁共振技术对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明,随着Rh粒径的减小,活性物种铑膦配合物增多,但有效载体面积上的Rh颗粒浓度降低,使膦需要更多的时间和Rh配位形成配合物,从而导致诱导期增长.