微波辅助萃取/气相色谱-质谱法对电子电气产品中多溴二苯醚的测定

建立了微波辅助萃取/气相色谱-质谱测定电子电气产品中多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)含量的方法,优化了萃取溶剂、萃取温度、萃取时间等微波萃取条件和GC-MS仪器分析条件.方法的准确度和重复性满足定量分析的要求,12种PBDEs组分的定量下限为0.27 ～4.3 mg/kg.将该方法用于分析6种电子电气样品,PBDEs的含量为0.3 ～1.7×104 mg/kg.该方法简单、快速、有机溶剂用量少,满足RoHS指令的要求和实际产品检测的需要 .     

气相色谱-质谱法测定塑料中四溴双酚A

提出了气相色谱-质谱法测定塑料中四溴双酚A含量的方法。样品经乙酸乙酯超声提取20min后,氮气吹干。用甲苯5.0mL溶解残渣,经乙酸酐衍生化后,所得衍生产物过DB-5MS色谱柱分离,电子轰击离子源质谱检测。四溴双酚A的质量浓度在0.1～100mg.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系。以ABS和PS塑料样品为基体,进行加标回收试验,回收率在分别为97.0%和94.2%,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于6.5%。     

GC-MS法测定涂料中的四溴双酚A

建立了GC-MS法检测涂料中四溴双酚A的分析方法,并对样品前处理条件和GC-MS分析条件进行优化。采用二氯甲烷-丙酮(1∶1)混合溶剂超声提取样品,萃取液经硅胶小柱净化,平行蒸发定量浓缩后采用气相色谱-质谱法测定,外标法定量。结果显示,四溴双酚A标准溶液在1~50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999;方法的定量下限(LOQ)为2 mg/kg,加标回收率为83.2%~104%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)为2.6%~4.7%。该方法操作简便、分析快速、结果准确,可满足涂料中四溴双酚A的定性定量分析要求。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定电子产品中四溴双酚A

建立了超声提取-硅烷化气相色谱-质谱测定电子产品中四溴双酚A的方法.样品用正己烷/丙酮作提取剂,浸泡后超声提取,经N,O-双三甲基硅烷三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)+1%三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)衍生化,利用气相色谱-质谱仪进行定性定量分析.讨论了浸泡时间对提取效率的影响,优化衍生温度和衍生时间.结果表明:标样衍生后在0.4～...     

超声辅助碱解萃取-气相色谱-电子捕获检测器测定海洋沉积物中8种多溴联苯醚

将超声辅助碱液分解杂质与溶剂萃取相结合,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测(GC-ECD)建立了一种快速高效净化、萃取海洋沉积物中8种常见多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的分析方法。样品在2.00 mol/L NaOH甲醇溶液中超声30 min,经正己烷萃取、单层硅胶净化、正己烷洗脱、旋蒸浓缩后定容至100 μL,采用GC-ECD分析。结果表明,PBDEs各单体的加标回收率为63.6%~110.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%~15.5%(n=5);十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)的检出限为0.097 ng/g,其他7种单体的检出限为0.002~0.011 ng/g(信噪比为3)。该方法的准确度和精密度较高,稳定性和回收率良好,可满足沉积物中PBDEs的分析要求。利用建立的方法测定了渤海表层沉积物中PBDEs的含量,8种PBDEs总含量在1.566~6.760 ng/g之间,其中BDE-209的含量为1.461~6.438 ng/g,总体呈现出由近岸向远岸递减的趋势,表明人为活动、表层冲刷和陆地河流的输入对渤海地区PBDEs的含量有重要影响。     

液相色谱-质谱法同时测定塑料制品中的双酚A和四溴双酚A

建立了高效液相色谱-质谱同时测定塑料制品中的双酚A(BPA)和四溴双酚A(TBBP-A)的方法。采用超声波萃取技术萃取样品。系统地考察了前处理条件、色谱条件和质谱参数。实验表明,在50 ℃条件下,加入20 mL二氯甲烷对塑料样品中的BPA和TBBP-A超声提取60 min可获得较好的提取效果。以甲醇和水为流动相,采用液相色谱-质谱联用分离和检测BPA和TBBP-A。该方法的线性范围为0.1～2.0 mg/L; BPA和TBBP-A检出限分别为0.01 mg/kg和0.02 mg/kg;回收率为85.4%～97.6%。该方法分离时间短,操作简便,实用性强,灵敏度高,适用于塑料制品中双酚A和四溴双酚A的残留分析。     

原位衍生分散液相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱快速测定水中的四溴双酚A

通过研究萃取剂、分散剂的种类和体积,KHCO3用量,衍生剂乙酸酐的用量和萃取时间对萃取效率的影响,建立了原位衍生分散液相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用测定水中四溴双酚A的方法.方法线性范围:0.5～ 100 μg/L,检出限:0.1μg/L;RSD:5.4％ (n =5).将该方法用于环境水样的测定,加标回收率:53.5％ ...     

微波辅助萃取/气相色谱法测定抗菌纺织品中的三氯生

以二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂,采用微波辅助萃取技术萃取抗菌纺织品中的三氯生,建立了一种气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)方法对纺织品中的三氯生进行了测定。 对于阳性样品,采用GC/MS技术进行确认。 该方法简单快速、灵敏度高,检出限为1 μg/kg(S/N=3),回收率为90%~106%,RSD均小于6%。 采用该方法对市售的抗菌纺织品进行测定,结果显示,部分市售抗菌纺织品中含有高浓度的三氯生。     

柱前衍生-气相色谱-电子捕获法同时检测水体中的9种全氟羧酸

建立了柱前衍生-气相色谱-电子捕获(GC-ECD)法同时测定水中PFBA、PFPeA、PFHxA、PFHpA,PFOA,PFNA,PFDA,PFUnA及PFDoA等(全称见正文)9种全氟羧酸(Perfluorinated carboxylic acids,PFCAs).使用2,4-二氟苯胺(2,4-Difluoroaniline,2,4-DFA)为衍生剂,N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(N,N'-Dicy-clohexylcarbodiimide,DCC)为脱水剂,与PFCAs形成酰胺衍生产物,衍生产物通过TR-5毛细管色谱柱分离,并以ECD检测器进行检测.对全氟羧酸衍生化过程中2,4-DFA和DCC用量、衍生反应溶剂、反应温度、反应时间等条件进行了优化,得出最佳衍生化条件.结果表明,在最优实验条件下,9种PFCAs衍生产物的线性相关系数＞0.99,检出限为0.62～ 1.38 μg/L,相对标准偏差RSD为1.3％～7.5％.应用本方法对城市污水中全氟类羧酸进行了分析,城市污水中存在以PFPeA、PFHpA和PFOA为主的痕量PFCAs化合物,实际样品的加标回收率在84.4％ ～ 120.9％之间.本方法稳定、可靠、成本低,能够满足水样中多种全氟羧酸的同时检测的要求,可为水体中全氟化合物的污染评价提供技术支持.     

超声波萃取与索氏萃取丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯中四溴双酚A的比较研究

采用气相色谱-质谱法对超声波萃取与索氏萃取丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)中四溴双酚A进行了比较研究。超声波萃取的最优试验条件:溶剂为二氯甲烷,温度为30℃,时间为60min;索氏萃取的最优试验条件:溶剂为甲苯,回流次数为每小时4次,时间为12h。四溴双酚A的质量浓度在1.00~100mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系。索氏萃取的萃取率高于超声波萃取的萃取率,索氏萃取的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.1%,加标回收率在80.4%~85.7%之间。     

Derivatization and determination of arsenic in marine samples by gas chromatography with electron capture detection

Summary Arsenic in marine samples was determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection after derivatization with 2,3-dimercaptopropanol. Biological tissues and sediments were analyzed after acid decomposition. For sea water, arsenic was preconcentrated by coprecipitation with hydrous iron (III) oxide. The results obtained by this approach compare favourably with the certified values of the reference materials analyzed. Presented at the 15th International Symposium on Chromatography, Nürnberg, October 1984     

Hypercoulometric effect in an electron capture detector polarized with an additional voltage

Summary This paper reports measurements of the current characteristics and of the signal corresponding to a constant concentration of Freon F-11 for an electron-capture detector, supplied with a pulse voltage with a changeable pulse duration, amplitude and repetition time. It was found that an additional voltage applied to the detector cathode increased the detector signal by about 50% and that the maximal signal was observed at 5 V. The influence of the polarized voltage on the electron caputure efficiency coefficient (p) measured with two detectors in series was demonstrated and the reliability of the sample mass calculation by means of (p) is discussed.     

气相色谱-电子捕获检测法测定海水中十氯酮残留

通过考察提取溶剂、毛细管柱、净化条件及共溶出干扰物等因素对十氯酮测定的影响,建立了二氯甲烷液-液富集萃取、硫酸净化分离、气相色谱法(GC)-电子捕获检测器(ECD)测定海水介质中有机氯农药类持久性有机污染物十氯酮残留分析方法。1 L海水经50 mL二氯甲烷萃取富集,浓缩后采用硫酸净化,以1%(体积分数)甲醇/正己烷混合溶液转移定容后,采用DB-5非极性毛细管柱进行GC分离,电子捕获检测器可测定其中十氯酮的含量;该方法采用外标法定量,在5～100 μg/L范围内呈线性,线性相关系数为0.9989。低、中、高3个浓度水平的平均加标回收率为81%～108%,相对标准偏差为1.2%～5.1%(n=6)。方法的检出限为0.6 ng/L。结果表明,该方法灵敏度高,线性关系好,可以满足简便、快速、准确测定海水中十氯酮的要求。     

A theoretical model of the electron capture detector

Summary This paper reports a theoretical model of the ECD detector. The model presented here can be used to examine the influence of pulse parameters on the current and signal characteristics of the detector. On the basis of this model it was found that a space charge is created in the detector when it is supplied with pulse voltage. Due to the electric potential generated by the space charge, in the time between the pulses the electrons and negative ions move towards the detector electrodes. The ionization current of the detector is the sum of the electron current flowing to the anode under the influence of the supplied pulse voltage and the current flowing under the space charge potential in the time between the pulses. It was also found that the detector signal is the sum of the differences between those two currents caused by introducing the sample molecules to the detector. The model was tested for a detector with different electrode configurations which worked at temperature of 300 K or 573 K and which was supplied with nitrogen or Ar+10% CH₄ as the carrier gas.     

Sulfonic acid-based metal organic framework functionalized magnetic nanocomposite combined with gas chromatography-electron capture detector for extraction and determination of organochlorine

The metal organic framework functionalized with sulfonic acid was combined with magnetic nanoparticles to fabricate a new nanocomposite (denoted as Fe₃O₄@PDA@Zr-SO₃H). By combining with gas chromatography-electron capture detector, the resulting Fe₃O₄@PDA@Zr-SO₃H nanocomposite was successfully used as a high-efficiency adsorbent for pre-concentrating eight organochlorine pesticides from water sample in environment. Apart from the ability of fast separation, the as-prepared Fe₃O₄@PDA@Zr-SO₃H nanocomposite also exhibited high adsorption capacity for organochlorine pesticides. With the use of optimal experimental conditions, the linear relationship can be obtained in the range of 0.05∼300 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was over 0.9978, and the relative standard deviation was located in 2.5%–7.7%. Moreover, the limit of detection and quantification was between 0.005–0.016 μg/L and 0.017∼0.050 μg/L. Finally, the nanocomposite was used for the determination of organochlorine pesticides from environmental water samples, and displayed the recovery of 82%–118%.     

A micro-volume electron capture detector for use in high resolution capillary column gas chromatography

A new design for an electron capture detector cell is described. The cell is compatible with the requirements of high resolution capillary columns and is shown to be useful in applications that require high analysis speed. A unique method of sample introduction reduces the problems of sample loss by adsorption on the surfaces of the cell. Previously reported problems of sample loss by adsorption on active surfaces within the cell when using hydrogen carrier gas are shown to have been eliminated. Examples are shown demonstrating the increased speed of analysis that can be obtained when using hydrogen carrier gas and 100 micron diameter columns.     

气相色谱-微池电子捕获器检测尿液中的三唑仑

建立了气相色谱-微池电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)检测尿液中三唑仑的方法。筛选了pH值、提取溶剂、涡旋时间,优化了液-液萃 取条件。在0.2～50 ng/mL范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9995;方法的检出限为0.1 ng/mL,日内和日间测定的相对标准偏差分 别为4.17%和5.31%,平均回收率为93.9%。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、线性范围广、回收率高,完全能够满足日常检测工作的需要。     

Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A, triclosan, and tetrabromobisphenol A in human serum using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-electron capture negative-ionization mass spectrometry

This study aimed at optimizing and validating a sensitive method for simultaneous determination of bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TCS), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in human serum using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography coupled to electron-capture negative-ionization mass spectrometry (GC-ECNI/MS). Sample preparation involved denaturation of serum proteins with formic acid followed by SPE on an Oasis HLB cartridge. Fractionation was performed on Florisil from which the phenolic compounds were eluted with methanol-dichloromethane (DCM) (5:1, v/v). The phenolic fraction was further derivatized with pentafluoropropionic acid anhydride (30 min at 70 degrees C). Further liquid-liquid partitioning using hexane-DCM (4:1, v/v) and K(2)CO(3) 3% aqueous solution was used to eliminate excess reagent and acidic by-products formed during derivatization. The cleaned extract was injected into a GC-ECNI/MS system operated in selected ion monitoring mode. For thorough method validation, each step of the procedure was rigorously optimized. The method limits of quantitation for BPA, TCS, and TBBPA were 0.28 ng mL(-1), 0.09 ng mL(-1) and 0.05 ng mL(-1), respectively. Furthermore, the method was applied to 21 Belgian human serum samples. The median concentrations obtained for BPA (0.71 ng mL(-1)) and TCS (0.52 ng mL(-1)) in Belgian human serum samples were similar to previously reported data for human fluids. Slightly higher levels of TBBPA (0.08 ng mL(-1)) were found in Belgium samples compared to Norwegian serum.     

Electron capture detector response to low electron affinity aromatic hydrocarbons using positive ion stabilization and alkyl chloride sensitization

The electron capture detector (ECD) response to numerous aromatic hydrocarbons of low electron affinity (EA) is shown to be detrimentally affected by two processes which compete with and typically overwhelm the electron capture reactions of these molecules. It is shown that the effects of these two undesired reactions can be eliminated by the permanent addition of trimethylamine and one of several alkyl monochlorides to the detector make-up gas. These modifications of the detector gas result in greatly increased sensitivity, increased linearity, and increased reproducibility of response. A kinetic model for the ECD responses of low EA resonance capture molecules is developed which appears to explain these improvements.