平流层飞艇动力学与控制研究进展

本文简要介绍了飞艇的发展沿革和研究现状. 通过同传统的航空器、航天器、潜艇和低空飞艇进行比较, 阐述了平流层飞艇的飞行原理. 从基本运动模型和复杂受力情况的角度, 系统地讨论了飞艇动力学研究进展, 包括空气动力学研究、静力分析、热力学分析、柔性体动力学及流固耦合研究. 然后综述了飞艇控制方法研究进展, 包括小扰动线性化控制、输入输出反馈线性化控制、基于Lyapunov 非线性稳定性的控制及其他控制方法. 最后展望了在平流层飞艇动力学与控制领域需要从6 个方面加强研究.      

正庚烷云雾爆轰特性的研究

本文从理论和实验上研究了正庚烷的云雾爆轰特性。实验中采用红外技术、传感器技术、烟膜技术分别测量了正庚烷云雾引爆的延迟时间tDDT,爆速D,爆压p和爆轰波阵面结构。在理论上提出了含有化学反应项的液滴燃烧模型,进行了正庚烷云雾爆轰过程的数值模拟。计算结果和实验基本符合。     

极坐标下弹性力学的一个新解答

在极坐标下将Hamilton体系下的分离变量法应用到弹性力学的非齐次边界情况,得到了一个新解答,利用这个新解可以求解一类弹性力学问题。文中给出了具体例子。     

空泡溃灭及空化噪声研究综述

本文从理论分析,数值计算,试验研究三方面对国内外空泡溃灭,空化噪声研究的最新进展及动态作了一简单的回顾,针对自己做的水翼及轴对称头体空化噪声试验结果,提出了一些尝试性解释。     

A REVIEW OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE CONCERNING SIZE-DEPENDENT AEROSOL REMOVAL

The status of current knowledge on size-dependent aerosol removal by dry and wet processes, including dry deposition and impaction and nucleation scavenging, is reviewed. The largest discrepancies between theoretical estimations and measurement data on dry deposition and below-cloud scavenging are for submicron particles, Early dry deposition models, which developed based on chamber and wind tunnel measurements, tended to underestimate dry deposition velocity （Vσ） for submicron particles by around one order of magnitude compared to recent field measurements. Recently developed models are able to predict reasonable Vσ values for submicron particles but shift unrealistically the predicted minimum Vσ to larger particle sizes. Theoretical studies of impaction scavenging of aerosol particles by falling liquid drops also substantially underestimate the scavenging coefficients for submicron particles. Empirical formulas based on field measurements can serve as an alternative to the theoretical scavenging models. Future development of size-resolved impaction scavenging models needs to include more precipitation properties （e,g., droplet surface area） and to be evaluated by detailed cloud microphysical models and available measurements. Several recently developed nucleation scavenging parameterizations for in-cloud removal of interstitial aerosol give comparable results when evaluated against parcel models; however, they need to be verified once suitable field measurements are available. More theoretical and field studies are also needed in order to better understand the role of organic aerosols in the nucleation scavenging process.     

极分解的一类近似计算与比较

基于级数展开给出了极分解中右伸长张量U的级数表示,通过对级数项的选取得到右伸长张量的不同近似表达式.针对不同级数展开表示,得到表达式最小误差的级数展开形式.进而结合一些简单实例,验证了近似公式的有效性.最后与文献[1]关于计算右伸长张量U和转动张量R的近似表达式进行了比较,本文的级数展开方式得到的右伸长张量U和转动张量R的近似表达式不但简洁,而且计算精度更高、适用范围更广.     

骨组织生长重建的力学生物学机制研究进展

生物力学已被证实是骨组织生长、重建及成形当中一个十分重要的因素. 骨组织的损 伤修复过程本质上是细胞的生物学过程和应力作用下的生长过程. 这虽然肯定了生物力学在 骨组织生长、重建过程中的重要地位, 但是, 人们对生物力学因素如何诱导骨生长、 重建的力学生物学机制仍不甚了解. 而骨组织工程需要更为科学完善的细胞生物学机制来研究和探 索骨组织的构建过程. 本文概述了国内外生物力学与骨组织生长重建的宏微观理论, 主要讨 论了骨组织结构及功能形成过程中的力学生物学相关问题.     

PNEUMATIC CONVEYING OF BIOMASS PARTICLES. A REVIEW

Processes involving biomass are of growing interest, but handling and conveying biomass particles are challenging due to the unusual physical properties of biomass particles. This paper reviews recent work on pneumatic conveying of biomass particles, especially agricultural particles and pulp fibres. Experimental work has been mainly carried out to determine a range of parameters, such as pressure drop, particle velocity, flow regime and electrostatic charging for both horizontal and vertical conveying. Models ranging from empirical to CFD models are also being developed. Difficulties in representing turbulence and interactions among biomass particles and between the particles and fluid have so far limited the success of advanced modeling. Further work is needed to improve understanding of multiphase biomass pneumatic conveying and to assist in the development of biomass energy and conversion processes.     

PNEUMATIC CONVEYING OF BIOMASS PARTICLES: A REVIEW

Processes involving biomass are of growing interest, but handling and conveying biomass particles are challenging due to the unusual physical properties of biomass particles. This paper reviews recent work on pneumatic conveying of biomass particles, especially agricultural particles and pulp fibres. Experimental work has been mainly carried out to determine a range of parameters, such as pressure drop, particle velocity, flow regime and electrostatic charging for both horizontal and vertical conveying. Models ranging from empirical to CFD models are also being developed. Difficulties in representing turbulence and interactions among biomass particles and between the particles and fluid have so far limited the success of advanced modeling. Further work is needed to improve understanding of multiphase biomass pneumatic conveying and to assist in the development of biomass energy and conversion processes.