Achronal Limits,Lorentzian Spheres,and Splitting

In the early 1980s Yau posed the problem of establishing the rigidity of the Hawking–Penrose singularity theorems. Approaches to this problem have involved the introduction of Lorentzian Busemann functions and the study of the geometry of their level sets—the horospheres. The regularity theory in the Lorentzian case is considerably more complicated and less complete than in the Riemannian case. In this paper, we introduce a broad generalization of the notion of horosphere in Lorentzian geometry and take a completely different (and highly geometric) approach to regularity. These generalized horospheres are defined in terms of achronal limits, and the improved regularity we obtain is based on regularity properties of achronal boundaries. We establish a splitting result for generalized horospheres, which when specialized to Cauchy horospheres yields new results on the Bartnik splitting conjecture, a concrete realization of the problem posed by Yau. Our methods are also applied to spacetimes with positive cosmological constant. We obtain a rigid singularity result for future asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes related to results in Andersson and Galloway (Adv Theor Math Phys 6:307–327, 2002), and Cai and Galloway (Adv Theor Math Phys 3:1769–1783, 2000).     

Lorentzian length spaces

We introduce an analogue of the theory of length spaces into the setting of Lorentzian geometry and causality theory. The rôle of the metric is taken over by the time separation function, in terms of which all basic notions are formulated. In this way, we recover many fundamental results in greater generality, while at the same time clarifying the minimal requirements for and the interdependence of the basic building blocks of the theory. A main focus of this work is the introduction of synthetic curvature bounds, akin to the theory of Alexandrov and CAT(k)-spaces, based on triangle comparison. Applications include Lorentzian manifolds with metrics of low regularity, closed cone structures, and certain approaches to quantum gravity.     

Regularity of harmonic maps into a static Lorentzian manifold

We study the regularity of harmonic maps from Riemannian manifold into a static Lorentzian manifold. We show that when the domain manifold is two-dimensional, any weakly harmonic map is smooth. We also show that when dimension n of the domain manifold is greater than two, there exists a weakly harmonic map for the Dirichlet problem which is smooth except for a closed set whose (n − 2)-dimensional Hausdorff measure is zero.     

Curvature properties of φ-null Osserman Lorentzian S-manifolds

We expound some results about the relationships between the Jacobi operators with respect to null vectors on a Lorentzian S-manifold and the Jacobi operators with respect to particular spacelike unit vectors. We study the number of the eigenvalues of such operators on Lorentzian S-manifolds satisfying the φ-null Osserman condition, under suitable assumptions on the dimension of the manifold. Then, we provide in full generality a new curvature characterization for Lorentzian S-manifolds and we use it to obtain an algebraic decomposition for the Riemannian curvature tensor of φ-null Osserman Lorentzian S-manifolds.     

On the structure of conformally compact Einstein metrics

Let M be an (n + 1)-dimensional manifold with non-empty boundary, satisfying π ₁(M, ? M) = 0. The main result of this paper is that the space of conformally compact Einstein metrics on M is a smooth, infinite dimensional Banach manifold, provided it is non-empty. We also prove full boundary regularity for such metrics in dimension 4 and a local existence and uniqueness theorem for such metrics with prescribed metric and stress–energy tensor at conformal infinity, again in dimension 4. This result also holds for Lorentzian–Einstein metrics with a positive cosmological constant.     

Isometries, Geodesics and Jacobi Fields of Lorentzian Heisenberg Group

The paper is mainly devoted to determine the groups of isometries of the Heisenberg group endowed with each of the three left invariant Lorentzian metrics which are possible on it; also, an explicit computation of all the isometries for the (two) non flat Lorentzian metrics is done. Moreover, explicit formulas for the geodesic curves and the Jacobi vector fields for each of these three Lorentzian metrics are computed.     

Classification of compact lorentzian 2-orbifolds with noncompact full isometry groups

Among closed Lorentzian surfaces, only flat tori can admit noncompact full isometry groups. Moreover, for every n ≥ 3 the standard n-dimensional flat torus equipped with canonical metric has a noncompact full isometry Lie group. We show that this fails for n = 2 and classify the flat Lorentzian metrics on the torus with a noncompact full isometry Lie group. We also prove that every two-dimensional Lorentzian orbifold is very good. This implies the existence of a unique smooth compact 2-orbifold, called the pillow, admitting Lorentzian metrics with a noncompact full isometry group. We classify the metrics of this type and make some examples.     

HOLDITCH THEOREM FOR THE CLOSED SPACE CURVES IN LORENTZIAN 3-SPACE

In this article, we give the area formula of the closed projection curve of a closed space curve in Lorentzian 3-space L3. For the 1-parameter closed Lorentzian space motion in L3, we obtain a Holditch Theorem taking into account the Lorentzian matrix multiplication for the closed space curves by using their othogonal projections onto the Euclidean plane in the fixed Lorentzian space. Moreover, we generalize this Holditch Theorem for noncollinear three fixed points of the moving Lorentzian space and any other fixed point on the plane which is determined by these three fixed points.     

A Berger-Green type inequality for compact Lorentzian manifolds

We give a Lorentzian metric on the null congruence associated with a timelike conformal vector field. A Liouville type theorem is proved and a boundedness for the volume of the null congruence, analogous to a well-known Berger-Green theorem in the Riemannian case, will be derived by studying conjugate points along null geodesics. As a consequence, several classification results on certain compact Lorentzian manifolds without conjugate points on its null geodesics are obtained. Finally, several properties of null geodesics of a natural Lorentzian metric on each odd-dimensional sphere have been found.

     

On the full holonomy group of Lorentzian manifolds

The classification of restricted holonomy groups of \(n\) -dimensional Lorentzian manifolds was obtained about ten years ago. However, up to now, not much is known about the structure of the full holonomy group. In this paper we study the full holonomy group of Lorentzian manifolds with a parallel null line bundle. Based on the classification of the restricted holonomy groups of such manifolds, we prove several structure results about the full holonomy. We establish a construction method for manifolds with disconnected holonomy starting from a Riemannian manifold and a properly discontinuous group of isometries. This leads to a variety of examples, most of them being quotients of pp-waves with disconnected holonomy, including a non-flat Lorentzian manifold with infinitely generated holonomy group. Furthermore, we classify the full holonomy groups of solvable Lorentzian symmetric spaces and of Lorentzian manifolds with a parallel null spinor. Finally, we construct examples of globally hyperbolic manifolds with complete spacelike Cauchy hypersurfaces, disconnected full holonomy and a parallel spinor.     

Bubbling analysis for approximate Lorentzian harmonic maps from Riemann surfaces

For a sequence of approximate harmonic maps \((u_n,v_n)\) (meaning that they satisfy the harmonic system up to controlled error terms) from a compact Riemann surface with smooth boundary to a standard static Lorentzian manifold with bounded energy, we prove that identities for the Lorentzian energy hold during the blow-up process. In particular, in the special case where the Lorentzian target metric is of the form \(g_N -\beta dt^2\) for some Riemannian metric \(g_N\) and some positive function \(\beta \) on N, we prove that such identities also hold for the positive energy (obtained by changing the sign of the negative part of the Lorentzian energy) and there is no neck between the limit map and the bubbles. As an application, we complete the blow-up picture of singularities for a harmonic map flow into a standard static Lorentzian manifold. We prove that the energy identities of the flow hold at both finite and infinite singular times. Moreover, the no neck property of the flow at infinite singular time is true.     

The qualitative behavior for approximate Dirac-harmonic maps into stationary Lorentzian manifolds

For a sequence of approximate Dirac-harmonic maps from a closed spin Riemann surface into a stationary Lorentzian manifold with uniformly bounded energy, we study the blow-up analysis and show that the Lorentzian energy identity holds. Moreover, when the targets are static Lorentzian manifolds, we prove the positive energy identity and the no neck property.

     

Second variation for L-minimal Legendrian submanifolds in pseudo-Sasakian manifolds

In this paper we provide the second variation formula for L-minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in a pseudo-Sasakian manifold. We apply it to the case of Lorentzian–Sasakian manifolds and relate the L-stability of L-minimal Legendrian submanifolds in a Sasakian manifold M to their L-stability in an associated Lorentzian–Sasakian structure on M.     

Curvature Tensors Whose Jacobi or Szabo Operator is Nilpotent on Null Vectors

The authors show that any k-Osserman Lorentzian algebraic curvaturetensor has constant sectional curvature, and give an elementaryproof that any local 2-point homogeneous Lorentzian manifoldhas constant sectional curvature. They also show that a SzabóLorentzian covariant derivative algebraic curvature tensor vanishes.2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 53B20.     

A strong maximum principle for weak solutions of quasi-linear elliptic equations with applications to Lorentzian and Riemannian geometry

The strong maximum principle is proved to hold for weak (in the sense of support functions) sub- and supersolutions to a class of quasi-linear elliptic equations that includes the mean curvature equation for C⁰-space-like hypersurfaces in a Lorentzian manifold. As one application, a Lorentzian warped product splitting theorem is given. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

On a Fermat principle in general relativity. A Ljusternik-Schnirelmann theory for light rays

Summary In this paper existence and multiplicity results for lightlike geodesics joining a point with a timelike curve on a class of Lorentzian manifolds are proved under intrinsic assumptions. Such results are obtained using an extension to Lorentzian Geometry of the classical Fermat principle in optics. The results are proved using critical point theory on infinite dimensional manifolds. An application to the gravitational lens effect is presented.     

Lorentzian Clairaut submersions

We investigate a class of semi-Riemannian submersions satisfying a Lorentzian analogue of the classical Clairaut's relation for surfaces of revolution. We show that a Lorentzian submersion with one-dimensional fibers is Clairaut if and only if the fibers are totally umbilic with a gradient field as the normal curvature vector field. We also investigate the behavior of timelike and null geodesics in Lorentzian Clairaut submersions. In particular, every null geodesic of a Lorentzian Clairaut submersion with one-dimensional fibers projects to a pregeodesic in the base space with respect to a conformally related metric on the base space if and only if the integrability tensor of the submersion vanishes.     

Isoperimetric inequalities and conjugate points on Lorentzian surfaces

Recently, an isoperimetric inequality for a sector on the Minkowski 2-spacetime has been derived by the method of parallels and the relativistic Gauss-Bonnet formula. In the present paper, we derive an isoperimetric inequality for a sector on a Lorentzian surface with curvatureK ≤ C. As a sector can be modeled by a geodesic variation of a timelike geodesic, our isoperimetric inequality gives an upper bound for the spacelike boundary of a sector. As an application of our results, we give an elementary proof of the existence of conjugate points on a Lorentzian surface with curvatureK ≤ C < 0 and we obtain an upper bound for the (timelike) diameter of a globally hyperbolic Lorentzian surface withK ≤ C < 0 by comparison of sectors.     

具有平行的共形第二基本形式的类时超曲面

在文[Classification of type I time-like Hyperspaces with parallel conformal second fundamental forms in the conformal space,Acta Mathematica Sinica,Chinese Series,2011,54(1):125-136]中,我们已对共形空间中具有平行的共形第二基本形式的I型类时超曲面作了分类,本文将探讨其他类型的类时超曲面并完全分类共形空间中具有平行的共形第二基本形式的类时超曲面.     

Pseudoconvexity in Lorentzian doubly warped products

A Lorentzian manifold M is said to be null (resp. causally) pseudoconvex if, given any compact set K in M, there exists a compact set K' in M such that any null (resp. causal) geodesic segment with both endpoints in K lies in K'. Various implications of causal and null pseudoconvexity on the geodesic structure of a Lorentzian manifold have been studied in several recent papers by Beem and Parker, Beem and Ehrlich, and Low. We provide sufficient conditions for a Lorentzian doubly warped product manifold to be null pseudoconvex. These conditions are not necessary and provide new examples of non-globally hyperbolic spacetimes which are null pseudoconvex.