用于柔性超级电容器的凝胶聚合物电解质膜的制备

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)提高戊二醛(GA)交联的聚乙烯醇(PVA)凝胶在1 mol/L的H2SO4溶液中的溶胀度,制备出一种用于柔性超级电容器的凝胶聚合物电解质膜,并对该电解质膜的结构、形貌、溶胀度、力学性能和电导率等进行了表征.在此基础上,组装了一种基于石墨烯电极的柔性超级电容器.结果表明:随着PVP用量的增加,膜孔数量增多且孔径增大,溶胀度增加,电导率提高,但力学强度下降.电解质膜中PVP质量分数为20％时,所组装的柔性超级电容器的比电容为111 F/g,其电化学性能的温度依赖性较低,稳定性较好.     

纤维素凝胶电解质及其在超级电容器中的应用

以纸浆为原料制备得到一种粘胶液,经静置水化交联,得到一种纤维素凝胶电解质(XWD-NaOH);添加亚铁氰化钾,使获得的新型纤维素凝胶电解质(XWD-NaOH-K 4[Fe(CN)6])呈现良好的氧化还原活性,电导率达15.3 mS/cm;与XWD-NaOH相比,XWD-NaOH-K 4[Fe(CN)6]电解质超级电容器,在0.5 A/g电流密度下,比电容、功率密度和能量密度分别提高了57%、111%和214%,并且体系具有更低的内阻、电荷转移电阻及高的循环稳定性。     

凝胶电解质的研究进展

本文评述了凝胶电解质－一种新型功能高人子材料的研究进展,讨论了电解质的特性,类型,关于其结构性能的研究方法,以及其在电双层电容器和锂离子二次电池方面的应用研究状况,并简要探讨了发展前景。     

聚合物水凝胶基超级电容器的研究进展

可伸展性和可压缩性是超级电容器作为现代柔性可穿戴电子设备的关键性能。聚合物水凝胶因其优异的力学性能、独特的网络状结构等优点,成为新一代高性能超级电容器的理想材料。它不仅可作为高效储能的柔性电极材料,而且可作为准固态电解质材料,在克服传统液体电解质系列缺陷的同时,获得更加轻薄、安全、稳定的柔性全固态储能器件。本文以聚合物水凝胶的化学组成为线索,分别介绍了聚合物水凝胶在超级电容器电极和电解质两方面的应用研究进展,并进一步对聚合物水凝胶在该领域的发展趋势进行了展望。     

电解质在超级电容器中的应用

超级电容器作为一种新型储能装置,因充放电快、功率密度高和循环寿命长的优异性能而引起了广泛的关注。电解质作为影响超级电容器性能的关键因素之一,其离子类型与尺寸、电化学窗口及电导率等性质对器件的工作电压、能量密度及循环寿命有着重要影响。针对近年来的研究现状,本文概述了超级电容器的储能原理、性能评估的关键参数及电解质在超级电容器中的应用研究进展。介绍了电解质的分类,包括水系电解质、有机电解质、离子液电解质和氧化还原电解质在内的液态电解质,及包括固态聚合物电解质、无机固态电解质及凝胶聚合物电解质在内的固态/准固态电解质。评述各类电解质的最新研发进展,讨论了电解质性质对超级电容器性能的影响,并阐明了超级电容器电解质的设计和优化方法。最后,分析了制备高性能电解质所面临的困难,并就其未来的研究方向作出了展望。     

锂离子电池凝胶聚合物电解质研究进展

使用聚合物电解质可以避免传统液态锂离子电池的漏液问题,提高电池的安全性能和能量密度,并可实现电池的薄型化、轻便化和形状可变等优点.目前,聚合物电解质的研究集中在凝胶型的复合和多孔聚合物电解质两大类.本文对各类凝胶聚合物电解质的特点、功能及研究情况逐一进行了介绍,对凝胶聚合物电解质的发展趋势进行了展望.     

基于原位聚合凝胶电解质的碳纳米笼//三氧化钨纳米棒超级电容器

发展非对称超级电容器可有效提升超级电容器能量密度,选择电极材料和电解质是关键.分级结构碳纳米笼因具有比表面积大、微孔-介孔-大孔共存、导电性好、稳定性高等优点,特别适合用作超级电容器电极材料.进一步通过N,S共掺杂引入赝电容、改善浸润性,所得的氮硫共掺杂碳纳米笼(NSCNC)在1 mol·L-1 H29O4溶液、电势范...     

聚乙烯醇基水凝胶聚合物电解质超级电容器的研究

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）作引发剂引发交联聚乙烯醇（PVA）-戊二醛（GA）制备水凝胶聚合物电解质并组装成超级电容器.分别由红外光谱、交流阻抗、循环伏安与恒电流充放电曲线测定该凝胶聚合物电解质及超级电容器的电化学性能.结果表明,该聚合物电解质电导率可达1.23 mS/cm（室温）.而且,以1.0 g AMPS引发0.05mL GA（5 %）与1.0 g PVA交联,制得的凝胶聚合物电解质超级电容器比电容可达139F/g,50次充放电后其值仍于80%以上.     

柔性锌离子电池水凝胶电解质研究进展

为了满足多样化的柔性可穿戴电子设备的发展,需要与之相匹配的供能系统.柔性锌离子电池因其安全性高、易组装及能量密度高等特点受到广泛关注,而水凝胶电解质则是柔性锌离子电池中的重要组成部分,因此受到广泛研究.综述了水凝胶电解质的可控构筑方法,详细总结了柔性锌离子电池水凝胶电解质的最新研究成果,包括力学增强型、自愈合型、低温型和环境响应型水凝胶电解质.此外,还对高性能水凝胶电解质的未来发展进行了展望.     

柔性超级电容器电极材料与器件研究进展

超级电容器,也称电化学电容器,它具有比锂离子电池更高的功率密度和更长的循环寿命,与此同时,其能量密度也高于传统的电介质电容器,因此成为了一类具有很大应用前景的能量储存设备。随着人们对智能电子设备性能要求的提高,各类柔性可穿戴电子设备相继出现,柔性超级电容器作为一类便携式能量储存设备也受到了许多研究者的关注。在持续的研究中,二维平面结构的柔性超级电容器得到较大发展并日益成熟,与此同时,随着对柔性电子设备可穿戴性能要求的提高,一维纤维结构的柔性超级电容器应运而生,并且得到了初步发展。本文首先介绍了超级电容器的储能原理和重要性能的评估方法;接着,重点概述了二维平面结构和一维纤维结构两类柔性超级电容器器件结构和电极材料的研究进展;最后,总结了两类柔性超级电容器仍然存在并亟待解决的问题以及未来发展所面临的关键技术挑战,期望能为柔性超级电容器的研究提供参考和借鉴。     

Research progress on gel polymer electrolytes for lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have become a promising candidate for advanced energy storage system owing to low cost and high theoretical specific energy.In the last decade,in pursuit of Li-S batteries with enhanced safety and energy density,the investigation on the electrolytes has leaped form liquid organic electrolytes to solid polymer ones.However,such solid-state Li-S battery system is greatly limited by unfavorable ionic conductivity,poor interfacial contact and narrow electrochemical windows on account of the absence of any liquid components.To address these issues,gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs),the incorporation of liquid electrolytes into solid polymer matrixes,have been newly developed.Although the excellent ionic transport and low interfacial resistance provided by GPEs have prompted numerous researchers to make certain progress on high-performance Li-S coins,a comprehensive review on GPEs for Li-S batteries remains vacant.Herein,this review focuses on recent development and progress on GPEs in view of their physical and chemical properties for the applications in Li-S batteries.Studies on the components including solid hosts,liquid solutions and fillers of GPEs are systematically summarized with particular emphasis on the relationship between components and performance.Finally,current challenges and directional outlook for fabricating GPEs-based Li-S batteries with outstanding performance are outlined.     

High-performance graphene oxide-grafted chitosan-starch solid biopolymer electrolytes for flexible hybrid supercapacitors

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Exploring solid biopolymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and enhanced dielectric properties is of utmost importance for the development of...     

Recent progress in 2D materials for flexible supercapacitors

High performance supercapacitors coupled with mechanical flexibility are needed to drive flexible and wearable electronics that have anesthetic appeal and multi-functionality. Two dimensional (2D) materials have attracted attention owing to their unique physicochemical and electrochemical properties, in addition to their ability to form hetero-structures with other nanomaterials further improving mechanical and electrochemical properties. After a brief introduction of supercapacitors and 2D materials, recent progress on flexible supercapacitors using 2D materials is reviewed. Here we provide insights into the structure–property relationships of flexible electrodes, in particular free-standing films. We also present our perspectives on the development of flexible supercapacitors.     

Biomass-derived electrodes for flexible supercapacitors

At present, supercapacitors constitute, along with batteries, one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage technology. The recent emerging generation of bendable portable electronic devices has boosted the research of new materials, new processing techniques and new designs that can meet the demands in terms of mechanical stability upon bending or stretching, without compromising their electrochemical performance, at an acceptable cost. Among all the electrode materials currently explored, biomass-derived carbons hold a great potential, due to their low-cost, easy processing techniques, stability and versatility. Here we introduce the range of renewable precursors available and current state-of-the-art performances, and explore the challenges regarding flexibility and sustainability.     

New types of hybrid electrolytes for supercapacitors

Supercapacitors (SCs) are emerging as efficient energy storage devices but still suffering from limited energy density compared with batteries.Electrolytes have...     

Investigations on electrochemical supercapacitors using polypyrrole redox electrodes and PMMA based gel electrolytes

Polypyrrole based solid state electrochemical redox supercapacitors have been fabricated using the polymeric gel electrolytes comprising of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)-propylene carbonate (PC)-ethylene carbonate (EC)-perchlorate salts of different cations [Li⁺, Na⁺ and (C₂H₅)₄N⁺ (TEA⁺)]. A comparative study has been carried out using linear sweep reversal voltammetry, complex impedance spectroscopy and constant current charge-discharge tests. The capacitance values of the cells have been observed to be in the range of 15.3-22.5 mF cm⁻² (equivalent to single electrode specific capacitance of 120-178 F g⁻¹ of polypyrrole). This corresponds to the values of energy density 16.7-24.7 Wh kg⁻¹ and power density 1.6-2.8 kW kg⁻¹ calculated for the working voltage of 1.0 V limited for polypyrrole based redox capacitors. Substantial improvements in the coulombic efficiency of the cells have been observed (close to 100%) due to the application of gel electrolytes showing flexible and liquid like behaviour. Further, the types and sizes of the cations in the gel electrolytes do not play any dominant role in the capacitive behaviour of the redox cells.     

Recent advances on quasi-solid-state electrolytes for supercapacitors

Solid-state and quasi-solid-state electrolytes have been attracting the scientific community’s attention in the last decade. These electrolytes provide significant advantages, such as the absence of leakage and separators for devices and safety for users. They also allow the assembly of stretchable and bendable supercapacitors. Comparing solid-state to quasi-solid-states, the last provides the most significant energy and power densities due to the better ionic conductivity. Our goal here is to p...     

High-potential electrolytes for supercapacitors: Lithium polyaspartate

It was shown that widening the electrochemical window and considerable increase in the electrical energy stored by pseudocapacitor (supercapacitor) type devices can be attained by inclusion of polymeric electrolytes, such as lithium polyaspartate.     

Transparent,flexible and solid-state supercapacitors based on room temperature ionic liquid gel

This paper describes a novel strategy to make fully transparent, solid-state and flexible supercapacitors based on room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) gel and ITO electrodes coated on transparent polymer substrate without a separator, which enables the roll-to-roll technique for fabrication of such supercapacitors as printable devices. This is the first type of transparent electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) based on ionic liquid gel.     

Research progress on electrolytes for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries

Fast-charging is considered to be a key factor in the successful expansion and use of electric vehicles.Current lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) exhibit high energy density, enabling them to be used in electric vehicles(EVs) over long distances, but they take too long to charge. In addition to modifying the electrode and battery structure, the composition of the electrolyte also affects the fast-charging capability of LIBs. This review provides a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the research pr...