Space of operators acting from one banach lattice to another

In this note we construct a pair of Banach lattices X and Y, which have the following properties:

1. X is not order isomorphic to an AL-space,
2. Y is not order isomorphic to an AM-space,
3. for any continuous linear operator T:X → Y there exists a modulus ¦T¦: X → Y.

This example refutes the conjecture of Cartwright-Lotz, saying that the negation of at least one of the conditions a) or b) is necessary for the validity of c).     

Verallgemeinerungen eines Satzes von H. Steinhaus

The following result is due to H. Steinhaus [20]: “If A,B?R are sets of positive inner Lebesgue measure and if the function f: R x R→R is defined by f(x,y):=x+y (x,y?R), then the interior of f(A x B) is non void”. In this note there is proved, that the theorem of H. Steinhaus remains valid, if

1. R is replaced by certain topological measure spaces X, Y and a Hausdorff space Z,
2. f is a continuous function from an open set T?X x Y into Z and satisfies a special local (respectively global) solvability condition in T,
3. A?X is a set of positive outer measure, B?Y contains a set of positive measure and A x B?T.

     

On lattice properties of the composition operator

The vector space £_b(E) of all order bounded linear operators on a Dedekind complete Riesz space E is both a Riesz space and an algebra. This note investigates the degree of compatibility between the algebraic and lattice structures of £_b(E). Two of the main results are the following:

1. An operator on a Banach lattice with an order continuous norm factors through the lattice operations if and only if it is an interval preserving Riesz homotnorphism.
2. A Dedekind complete Banach lattice E has an order continuous norm if and only if 0≤T_n ↑ T in £_b(E) implies T _n ² ↑ T².

     

Factorization of mappings of topological spaces and homomorphisms of topological groups in accordance with weight and dimension ind

Symbols w(X), nw(X), and hl(X) denote the weight, the network weight, and the hereditary Lindelöf number of a space X, respectively. We prove the following factorization theorems.

1. Let X and Y be Tychonoff spaces, φ: X→Y a continuous mapping, hl(X)≤τ, and w(Y)≤τ. Then there exist a Tychonoff space Z and continuous mappings ψ: X→Z, χ: Z→Y such that φ=χ o ψ, Z=ψ(X), w(Z)≤τ andind Z≤ind X. Moreover, if nw(X)≤τ, then mapping ψ is one-to-one.
2. Let π: G→H be a continuous homomorphism of a Hausdorff topological group G to a Hausdorff topological group H, hl(G)≤τ and w(H)≤τ. Then there are a Hausdorff topological group G^* and continuous homomorphisms g: G→G^*, h: G^*→H so that π=h o g, G^*=g(G), w(G^*)≤τ andind G^*≤ind G. If nw(G)≤τ, then g is one-to-one.
3. For every continuous mapping φ: X→Y of a regular Lindelöf space X to a Tychonoff space Y one can find a Tychonoff space Z and continuous mappings ψ: X→Z, χ: Z→Y such that φ=χ o ψ, Z=ψ(X), w(Z)≤w(Y),dim Z≤dim X, andind ₀ Z≤ind ₀ X, whereind ₀ is the dimension function defined by V.V.Filippov with the help of G_δ-partitions. If we additionally suppose that X has a countable network, then ψ can be chosen to be one-to-one. The analogous result also holds for topological groups.
4. For each continuous homomorphism π: G→H of a Hausdorff Lindelöf Σ-group G (in particular, of a σ-compact group G) to a Hausdorff group H there exist a Hausdorff group G^* and continuous homomorphisms g: G→G^*, h:G^*→H so that π=h o g, G^*=g(G), w(G^*)≤w(H),dimG^*≤dimG, andind G^*≤ind G. Bibliography: 25 titles.

     

Platitude d'une adherence schematique et lemme de Hironaka generalise

The main aim of this article is to prove the following:Theorem (Generalized Hironaka's lemma). Let X→Y be a morphism of schemes, locally of finite presentation, x a point of X and y=f(x). Assume that the following conditions are satisfied:

1. O _Y,y is reduced.
2. f is universally open at the generic points of the components of X_y which contain x.
3. For every maximal generisation y′ of y in Y and every maximal generisation x′ of x in X which belongs to X_y, we have dim_x, (X_y')=dim_x(X_y)=d.
4. X_y is reduced at the generic points of the components of X_y which contain x and (X_y)_red is geometrically normal over K(y) in x.

Then there exist an open neighbourhood U of x in X and a subscheme U₀ of U which have the same underlying space as U such that f₀:U₀\arY is normal (i.e. f₀ is a flat morphism whose geometric fibers are normal).     

Randverteilungen von Nullösungen hypoelliptischer Differentialgleichungen

In this paper a distributional boundary value is defined for solutions f (defined on ?ⁿ⁺¹\?ⁿ) of a partially hypoelliptic differential operator (on ?ⁿ⁺¹)with constant coefficients. Then the following is equivalent:

1. f has a distributional boundary value.
2. f can be continued to ?ⁿ⁺¹ as a distribution. For hypoelliptic operators this is equivalent to:
3. f ist a locally slowly growing function. A topology is given on this function space, that makes the boundary value mapping a topological homomorphism.

     

Norm Transitive Semigroups on Operator Algebra

Let $\mathcal A $ be a semigroup of bounded linear operators on the Banach algebra $B(X)$ for a separable Banach space $X$ . We show the transitivity of $\mathcal A $ with the operator norm topology, implies hypercyclicity with the strong operator topology (SOT) while the converse may not be true. As a consequence, SOT-transitive semigroup of left multiplication operators on $B(X)$ is characterized.     

On HCO spaces. An uncountable compactT 2 space,different from ℵ1+1, which is homeomorphic to each of its uncountable closed subspaces,which is homeomorphic to each of its uncountable closed subspaces

LetX be an Hausdorff space. We say thatX is a CO space, ifX is compact and every closed subspace ofX is homeomorphic to a clopen subspace ofX, andX is a hereditarily CO space (HCO space), if every closed subspace is a CO space. It is well-known that every well-ordered chain with a last element, endowed with the interval topology, is an HCO space, and every HCO space is scattered. In this paper, we show the following theorems: Theorem (R. Bonnet):

1. Every HCO space which is a continuous image of a compact totally disconnected interval space is homeomorphic to β+1 for some ordinal β.
2. Every HCO space of countable Cantor-Bendixson rank is homeomorphic to α+1 for some countable ordinal α.

Theorem (S. Shelah):Assume \(\diamondsuit _{\aleph _1 } \) . Then there is a HCO compact space X of Cantor-Bendixson rankω ₁} and of cardinality ?₁ such that:

1. X has only countably many isolated points,
2. Every closed subset of X is countable or co-countable,
3. Every countable closed subspace of X is homeomorphic to a clopen subspace, and every uncountable closed subspace of X is homeomorphic to X, and
4. X is retractive.

In particularX is a thin-tall compact space of countable spread, and is not a continuous image of a compact totally disconnected interval space. The question whether it is consistent with ZFC, that every HCO space is homeomorphic to an ordinal, is open.     

Quasi-Banach operator ideals with a very strange trace

As shown by S. Lord, F. Sukochev, and D. Zanin (see [7]), the theory of singular traces is well understood for operators on the Hilbert space. The situation turns out to be completely different in the Banach space setting. Indeed, quite strange phenomena may occur. We will construct quasi-Banach operator ideals ${\mathfrak A}$ A with seemingly contradictory properties: On the one hand, ${\mathfrak A}$ A supports a continuous trace τ that vanishes at all finite rank operators, which means that τ is singular. On the other hand, ${\mathfrak A}$ A contains the identity map I _Z of an infinite-dimensional Banach space Z and τ (I _Z ) =  1. This implies that there exist operators ${T \in \mathfrak A (Z)}$ T ∈ A ( Z ) such that ${\tau (T^n) = 1}$ τ ( T n ) = 1 for ${n = 1,2,{\dots} \;}$ n = 1 , 2 , ? , which is impossible for singular traces in the case of a Hilbert space. As most counterexamples, the new operator ideals have no useful application. They provide, however, a deeper insight into the philosophy of traces.     

The quasi-isometry classification of rank one lattices

Let X be a symmetric space—other than the hyperbolic plane—of strictly negative sectional curvature. Let G be the isometry group of X. We show that any quasi-isometry between non-uniform lattices in G is equivalent to (the restriction of) a group element of G which commensurates one lattice to the other. This result has the following corollaries:

1. Two non-uniform lattices in G are quasi-isometric if and only if they are commensurable.
2. Let Γ be a finitely generated group which is quasi-isometric to a non-uniform lattice in G. Then Γ is a finite extension of a non-uniform lattice in G.
3. A non-uniform lattice in G is arithmetic if and only if it has infinite index in its quasi-isometry group.

     

Scalar-type spectral operators and holomorphic semigroups

We show that a linear operator (possibly unbounded), A, on a reflexive Banach space, X, is a scalar-type spectral operator, with non-negative spectrum, if and only if the following conditions hold.

1. A generates a uniformly bounded holomorphic semigroup {e?^zA}_Re(z)≥0.
2. If \(F_N (s) \equiv \int_{ - N}^N {\tfrac{{\sin (sr)}}{r}} e^{irA} dr\) , then {‖F_N‖} _N=1 ^∞ is uniformly bounded on [0,∞) and, for all x in X, the sequence {F_N(s)x} _N=1 ^∞ converges pointwise on [0, ∞) to a vector-valued function of bounded variation.

The projection-valued measure, E, for A, may be constructed from the holomorphic semigroup {e^?zA}_Re(z)≥0 generated by A, as follows. $$\frac{1}{2}(E\{ s\} )x + (E[0,s)) x = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{N \to \infty } \int_{ - N}^N {\frac{{\sin (sr)}}{r}} e^{irA} x\frac{{dr}}{\pi }$$ for any x in X.     

Complex Banach spaces whose duals areL 1-spaces

We prove that for a complex Banach spaceA the following properties are equivalent:

1. A ^* is isometric to anL ₁(μ)-space;
2. every family of 4 balls inA with the weak intersection property has a non-empty intersection;
3. every family of 4 balls inA such that any 3 of them have a non-empty intersection, has a non-empty intersection.

     

Über die Glattheit von Quotientenabbildungen

Let G be a semisimple algebraic group acting on a factorial Gorenstein algebra S. Let X:=Spec S, Y:=Spec S^G and π:X→Y be the quotient map. The main results are:

1. Let x be a smooth point of X whose orbit has maximal dimension and such that π(x) is a smooth point of Y. Then π is smooth at x.
2. Let S be positively graded and let χ_S(t) be its generating function which is a rational function. Then: deg χ_S≦deg \(X_{S^G } \) .

     

Über Homöomorphe und Differenzierbare Abbildungen N. A. Banachräume

Let E and E′ be finite-dimensional n. a. Banach spaces over a complete n. a. non-trivial valued field K.

1. Let K be locally compact, dim(E)≤dim(E′) and f be a mapping from an open set of E into E'. Then we obtain an analogue of the classical theorem of Sard: The set of “critical values” of f is of outer Haar-measure zero.
2. If one of the following two conditions (i) K is locally compact and dim(E)>dim(E′), (ii) K is not locally compact, is satisfied, then there exists a differentiable homeomorphism f: E→E′ with a derivative vanishing everywhere on E.

     

On Gibson functions with connected graphs

A function f: X → Y between topological spaces is said to be a weakly Gibson function if $f(\bar G) \subseteq \overline {f(G)} $ for any open connected set G ? X. We call a function f: X → Y segmentary connected if X is topological vector space and f([a, b]) is connected for every segment [a, b] ? X. We show that if X is a hereditarily Baire space, Y is a metric space, f: X → Y is a Baire-one function and one of the following conditions holds:

1. X is a connected and locally connected space and f is a weakly Gibson function
2. X is an arcwise connected space and f is a Darboux function
3. X is a topological vector space and f is a segmentary connected function, then f has a connected graph.

     

Multiple critical points for non-differentiable parametrized functionals and applications to differential inclusions

In this paper we deal with a class of non-differentiable functionals defined on a real reflexive Banach space X and depending on a real parameter of the form ${\mathcal{E}_\lambda(u)=L(u)-(J_1\circ T)(u)-\lambda (J_2\circ S)(u)}$ , where ${L:X \rightarrow \mathbb R}$ is a sequentially weakly lower semicontinuous C ¹ functional, ${J_1:Y\rightarrow\mathbb R, J_2:Z\rightarrow \mathbb R}$ (Y, Z Banach spaces) are two locally Lipschitz functionals, T : X → Y, S : X → Z are linear and compact operators and λ > 0 is a real parameter. We prove that this kind of functionals posses at least three nonsmooth critical points for each λ > 0 and there exists λ* > 0 such that the functional ${\mathcal{E}_{\lambda^\ast}}$ possesses at least four nonsmooth critical points. As an application, we study a nonhomogeneous differential inclusion involving the p(x)-Laplace operator whose weak solutions are exactly the nonsmooth critical points of some “energy functional” which satisfies the conditions required in our main result.     

Factorizing Kernel Operators

Consider an operator ${T: X(\mu) \rightarrow Y(\mu)}$ between Banach function spaces having adequate order continuity and Fatou properties. Assume that T can be factorized through a Banach space as ${T = S \circ R}$ , where R and the adjoint of S are p-th power and q-th power factorable, respectively. Then a canonical factorization scheme can be given for T. We show that it provides a tool for analyzing T that becomes specially useful for the case of kernel operators. In particular, we show that this square factorization scheme for T is equivalent to some inequalities for the bilinear form defined by T. Kernel operators are studied from this point of view.     

On extensions of compact positive operators on Banach lattices

Extension properties of compact positive operators on Banach lattices are investigated. The following results are obtained:

• 1. 

  (1) Any compact positive operator (any compact lattice homomorphism, resp.) from a majorizing sublattice G of a Banach lattice E into another Banach lattice F can be extended to a compact positive operator (a compact lattice homomorphism, resp.) from E into F;

• 2. 

  (2) Any compact positive operator defined on a closed majorizing sublattice G of a Banach lattice E has a compact positive extension on E that preserves the spectrum (a necessary modification is needed).

Related extension problems are also studied.     

A Remark on non-separable solutions to the Schroeder-Bernstein Problem for Banach spaces

We show that the geometric structure of Banach spaces which are solutions to the Schroeder-Bernstein Problem is very complex. More precisely, we prove that there exists a non-separable solution E to this problem such that

1. E is isomorphic to each one of its finite codimensional subspaces.
2. E has no complemented Hereditarily Indecomposable subspace.
3. E has no complemented subspace isomorphic to its square.
4. E has no non-trivial divisor.

     

A class of \ell ^p saturated Banach spaces

We present a new class of reflexive \(\ell ^p\) saturated Banach spaces \(\mathfrak{X }_p\) for \(1<p<\infty \) with rather tight structure. The norms of these spaces are defined with the use of a modification of the standard method yielding hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces. The space \(\mathfrak{X }_p\) does not embed into a space with an unconditional basis and for any analytic decomposition into two subspaces, it is proved that one of them embeds isomorphically into the \(\ell ^p\) -sum of a sequence of finite dimensional normed spaces. We also study the space of operators of \(\mathfrak{X }_p\) .