Meson Algebras of Order ≥3

Meson algebras of order 2 have already drawn much attention, and their study has brought plenty of interesting knowledge. This fact motivated the definition and the study of meson algebras of greater order. Unfortunately, these algebras finally proved to be disappointing; probably there is almost nothing to add to the information given in the present article. Almost all meson algebras of order ≥3 are trivial, and the only two cases that give nontrivial algebras, are completely described here.     

不等式x~3 y~3 z~3≥3xyz的几何证法

我们先证ｘ２＋ｙ２≥２ｘｙ（ｘ、ｙ∈Ｒ＋,当ｘ＝ｙ时,等号成立）证明　如图１,设正方形ＡＢＣＤ的边长为ｘ,正方形ＢＥＦＪ的边长为ｙ,在ＡＢ上取ＡＨ＝ｙ,则ＨＢ＝ｘ－ｙ,故ＨＥ＝ＨＢ＋ＢＥ＝ｘ－ｙ＋ｙ＝ｘ,∴　Ｓ矩ＡＨＰＤ＝Ｓ矩ＨＥＦＫ＝ｘｙ．由图１显然有　Ｓ正ＡＢＣＤ＋Ｓ正ＢＥＦＪ≥Ｓ矩ＡＨＰＤ＋Ｓ矩ＨＥＦＫ,即　　　ｘ２＋ｙ２≥２ｘｙ（当且仅当ｘ＝ｙ时,等号成立）再证　ｘ３＋ｙ３＋ｚ３≥３ｘｙｚ（ｘ、ｙ、ｚ∈Ｒ＋,当且仅当ｘ＝ｙ＝ｚ时,等号成立）证明　如图２,设三个正方体ＶＡＢ、ＶＣＤ、ＶＥＦ…     

a~3 b~3 c~3≥3abc的几种证法

一个人数学基础是否扎实,主要看他对一些基本定理的理解.然而,同学们往往忽视命题的证明过程,只记其结论,这未免有些不好.在自学中,我对a3 b3 c3≥3abc这一定理发掘出几种证法.     

强度≥3混合覆盖阵的构造

混合水平覆盖阵,简称混合覆盖阵,是广泛应用于软件、硬件和网络测试的覆盖阵一种推广形式.设N,t,k,v_i(i=1,2,…,k)为正整数,其中2≤t≤k.混合覆盖阵MCA(N;t,k,(v_1,v_2,…,v_k))是一个N×k阵列,其第i列上元素取自大小为v_i的符号集V_i,且满足任意N×t子阵列包含其符号集上所有t-元组至少一次.本文给出了强度≥3混合覆盖阵的若干构造方法,运用这些构造和相关已知结果.得到了若干最优强度≥3混合覆盖阵.     

不等式a^3＋b^3＋c^3≥3abc的新证法

对于三元基本不等式“若ａ ,ｂ ,ｃ∈Ｒ+,则ａ3+ｂ3+ｃ3≥ 3ａｂｃ” ,老教材是利用因式分解的办法 ,将ａ3+ｂ3+ｃ3- 3ａｂｃ化为12 (ａ +ｂ +ｃ) [(ａ -ｂ) 2 +(ｂ -ｃ) 2 +(ｃ -ａ) 2 ]后 ,再判断其值的正负而获证的 ,新教材是利用构造的办法 ,联想构造不等式“若ａ ,ｂ∈Ｒ+,则ａ3+ｂ3≥ａ2 ｂ +ａｂ2 ” ,后利用二元基本不等式“若ａ ,ｂ∈Ｒ+,则ａ +ｂ≥ 2ａｂ”而证得的 .显然老教材中的证明对因式分解要求较高 ,学生较难掌握 ,故老教材中的证明被新教材中的证明取而代之了 ,但新教材中的构造证法技巧性亦较强 ,且构造的是一个一般性…     

On P≥3-factor Deleted Graphs

A spanning subgraph F of a graph G is called a path factor of G if each component of F is a path.A P≥k-factor means a path factor with each component having at least k vertices, where k ≥ 2 is an integer.Bazgan, Benhamdine, Li and Wozniak [C. Bazgan, A. H. Benhamdine, H. Li, M. Wozniak, Partitioning vertices of 1-tough graph into paths, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 263(2001)255–261.] obtained a toughness condition for a graph to have a P_≥3-factor. We introduce the concept of a P_≥k...     

Supercritical loop percolation on Zd for d≥3

We consider supercritical percolation on ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$ ($d\ge 3$) induced by random walk loop soup. Two vertices are in the same cluster if they are connected through a sequence of intersecting loops. We obtain quenched parabolic Harnack inequalities, Gaussian heat kernel bounds, the invariance principle and the local central limit theorem for the simple random walks on the unique infinite cluster. We also show that the diameter of finite clusters have exponential tails like in Bernoulli bond percolation. Our results hold for all $d\ge 3$ and all supercritical intensities despite polynomial decay of correlations.     

Classification of Fano 3-folds with B2≥2

This article contains the classification of Fano 3-folds with B₂2.There exist exactly 87 types of such 3-folds up to deformations; a Fano 3-fold is isomorphic to a product of P^l and a del Pezzo surface if its second Betti number is not less than 6. In particular, the second Betti number of a Fano 3-fold is not greater than 10.Firstly we classify Fano 3-folds which are either primitive or have B₂=2 by the tools developed in [2]; then we study Fano 3-folds obtained from them by successive curve-blow-ups by using their conic bundle structures or the existence of lines on them.Partially supported by Educational Projects for Japanese Mathematical Scientists and NSF Grants MCS 77-15524 and MCS 77-18723 (A04)Partially supported by Educational Projects for Japanese Mathematical Scientists     

n次多项式(n≥3)函数的对称性

用解析法对高次函数有无对称轴和对称中心的问题进行了较为系统的研究,给出了高次函数有对称轴或对称中心的充要条件,以及快速求出对称轴和对称中心的方法.这不仅有利于快速准确地对高次函数的对称性作判断,也有利于提高我们研判高次函数性质的能力.     

Sugli insiemi di permutazioni strettamente k-transitivi (k ≥ 3)

Summary Let G be a sharply 3-transitive permutation set on a finite set E of even cardinality and let 1 be in G. The following theorems are proved. G is one of the known examples if and only if there exists a non-identity normal subgroup N of G and an element of E such that NG G.G is a group if and only if G for every G and for every G and for every G .By using the classification of finite single groups a result concerning sharply k-transitive permutation sets k>3 is also proved.

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Dedicato a Guido Zappa in occasione del suo 70° compleanno

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Lavoro eseguito nell'ambito dei progetti finanziati dal Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione.     

On Huppert’s Conjecture for 3 D 4(q), q ≥ 3

Let G be a finite group and cd(G) be the set of all complex irreducible character degrees of G. Bertram Huppert conjectured that if H is a finite nonabelian simple group such that cd(G) = cd(H), then G???H × A, where A is an abelian group. In this paper, we verify the conjecture for the family of simple exceptional groups of Lie type ³ D ₄(q), when q?≥?3.     

Super spline spaces of smoothnessr and degreed≥3r+2

The problem of computing the dimension of spaces of splines whose elements are piecewise polynomials of degreed withr continuous derivatives globally has attracted a great deal of attention recently. We contribute to this theory by obtaining dimension formulae for certain spaces of super splines, including the case where varying amounts of additional smoothness is enforced at each vertex. We also explicitly construct minimally supported bases for the spaces. The main tool is the Bernstein-Bézier method.Communicated by Klaus Höllig.     

最优分批问题在N≥3n情形下的解

<正> §1.在单因素优选问题中提出的最优分批问题可以归纳为对确定的正整数 N、n(N>n>1)和实数δ(0≤δ≤1/2),求使由递推公式     

Equilibrium fluctuations of asymmetric simple exclusion processes in dimension d≥3

We consider an asymmetric exclusion process in dimension d≥ 3 under diffusive rescaling starting from the Bernoulli product measure with density 0 < α < 1. We prove that the density fluctuation field Y ^N _t converges to a generalized Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, which is formally the solution of the stochastic differential equatin dY _t = ?Y _t dt + dB ^∇ _t , where ? is a second order differential operator and B ^∇ _t is a mean zero Gaussian field with known covariances. Received: 31 May 1999 / Revised version: 15 June 2000 / Published online: 24 January 2001     

从“不妨设 a≥b≥c”谈起

“不妨设”在数学解题中是常用的说法.在解有关“不等式”的问题时,对于某种特殊类型的问题,采用“不妨设 a≥b≥c”的手法,常能使解题简化.有时采取类似的方法解决一个问题,也可能会有“疑窦顿开”之效.下面略举数例.     

a2+b2+c2≥bc+ca+ab≥4√3S的一个类似

在△ABC中,△ABC的面积为S,角A,B,C的对边分别为a,b,c,有一个很熟悉的不等式链:     

巧证定理:a~3 b~3 c~3≥3abc(a,b,c∈R~ )

介绍一种定理证明的较简单的方法：∵ａ，ｂ，ｃ∈Ｒ＋∴（ａ３＋ｂ３）＋（ｃ３＋ａｂｃ）≥２ａ３ｂ３＋２ａｂｃ４≥２·２ａ３ｂ３·ａｂｃ４＝４ａｂｃ∴ａ３＋ｂ３＋ｃ３≥３ａｂｃ并且仅当ａ３＝ｂ３，ｃ３＝ａｂｃ，且ａ３ｂ３＝ａｂｃ４ａ＝ｂ＝ｃ时，上式才取等...     

R^n（n≥3）上群体遗传学中的选择迁移模型

群体遗传学的选择迁移模型归结为研究含参数及不定权函数的半线性椭圆方程，本文对于Ｒ＾ｎ中解在无穷远处的渐近性质作出先验估计，从而得到其非平凡解存在性与不存在性等结果。     

Large deviations for the symmetric simple exclusion process in dimensions d≥ 3

We consider symmetric simple exclusion processes with L=&ρmacr;N ^d particles in a periodic d-dimensional lattice of width N. We perform the diffusive hydrodynamic scaling of space and time. The initial condition is arbitrary and is typically far away form equilibrium. It specifies in the scaling limit a density profile on the d-dimensional torus. We are interested in the large deviations of the empirical process, N ^{− d} [∑ ^L ₁δ _{xi (·)}] as random variables taking values in the space of measures on D[0.1]. We prove a large deviation principle, with a rate function that is more or less universal, involving explicity besides the initial profile, only such canonical objects as bulk and self diffusion coefficients. Received: 7 September 1997 / Revised version: 15 May 1998