HL-1工程联调中真空室的放电清洗

HL-1托卡马克装置工程联调时,内真空系统经200℃60小时烘烤和7万次脉冲放电清洗,接着作了124次低参数托卡马克放电。在环向磁场为15kG下获得了60kA的等离子体电流,等离子体存在时达85ms,本文总结分析了HL-1工程联调期间真空系统的烘烤、真空室的放电清洗技术及效果。     

增长反场装置位形维持时间的实验研究

在预电离、空芯变压器功率续流、真空室放电清洗、碳化和蒸钛条件下，得到反场箍缩（ＲＦＰ）和超低安全因子（ＵＬＱ）的实验结果。等离子体性质改善，等离子体电流出现平顶，其幅值增加。杂质被有效控制，等离子体温度增高。     

HL—1M托卡马克装置的DC辉光放电清洗

本文简要叙述了ＨＬ－１Ｍ的ＤＣ辉光放电清洗技术和放电结果。实验表明，类似ＨＬ－１Ｍ托卡马克装置的真空室，经过烘烤，Ｔａｙｌｏｒ放电和ＤＣ放电清洗后，有可能得到高品质的等离子体。     

位移测量中真空室偶极涡流的影响及其扣除

一、真空室上偶极涡流对测量的影响 在托卡马克放电中,出现宏观不稳定性时,等离子体电流会出现小的正尖峰,并在整个大环上沿水平方向向内快速收缩。这时真空室(薄不锈钢壳)上会感应出很大偶极涡流,如图1所示,真空室上偶极电流分布为     

HL-2A装置真空系统

现代核聚变实验装置要求的真空系统必须实现以下主要功能：（1）装置真空室的零部件及总体抽空和检漏；（2）真空室的烘烤除气（H2O）；（3）辉光放电清洗和面对等离子体部件的锻炼及原位处理；（4）边缘粒子的抽运与控制；（5）等离子体放电实验运行。     

HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电阶段的直流辉光放电清洗系统研制

基于 HL-2M 托卡马克初始等离子体放电的工程需求,设计并研制了直流辉光放电清洗系统,包括电 极、馈线、电源、控制以及监测等关键部件和辅助子系统。研制完成后开展了系统装配和工程调试,并投入到首 次等离子体放电。实验结果表明,该直流辉光放电系统运行稳定、可靠,且此辉光放电清洗显著降低了真空室本 底杂质浓度,能满足 HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电的壁条件需求。     

直流等离子体炬放电特性研究

对于磁约束直流等离子体炬,用氩－氢等离子体的放电体系,研究了等离子体炬几何结构、真空室气压、弧电流、外磁场与比变化等对等离子体炬放电特性的影响。得到了影响等离子体炬宏观和微观参数变化的一些基本规律。     

正弦（余弦）线圈探测等离子体位移方法的改进

用正弦(余弦)线圈与相应鞍形线圈感应信号的相加积分,来得到等离子体电流重心位移,是中小型托卡马克装置常用的方法,对了解与控制等离子体的平衡稳定,具有重要意义。但是在实际上由于中小装置放电时间较短,对等离子体电流及电流重心位移一般不加完善的控制,它们以及外加平衡控制场在放电期间都可以发生明显改变,从而在真空室壁中引     

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为进一步提高HL-2A装置的放电参数和优化等离子体位形，给出了三种可能的主机改造途径：保留真空室，去掉并调整真空室内部分多极场线圈的局部改造方案；保留真空室，重新布局极向场线圈的中等规模改造方案；重新设计真空室和极向场线圈系统的大规模改造方案。对三种改造方案对放电参数和位形的影响和改造工程的可行性进行了分析比较，重新设计真空室和极向场线圈系统的大规模改造方案是最佳选择。     

关于HL－1托卡马克的低杂波电流驱动效率

在一些ＨＬ－１托卡马克的低杂波电流驱动（ＬＨＣＤ）实验中，驱动效率对低杂波注入功率和等离子体电子密度等参数的依赖关系很分散。分析表明，其可能原因是驱动电流的计算不够精确，携带电流的快电子的相当部分逃离等离子体后损失到孔栏或真空室壁上以及放电的重复性差等。本文对这些问题进行了仔细的讨论     

Spectroscopic and chemical reactivity analysis of D-Myo-Inositol using quantum chemical approach and its experimental verification

Glow discharge conditioning (GDC) has long been accepted as one of the basic wall conditioning techniques for achieving ultrahigh vacuum in an unbaked chamber. As a part of this fundamental experimental study, a test chamber has been fabricated from stainless steel 304 L with its inner surface electropolished on which a detailed investigation has been carried out. Both helium and hydrogen gases have been employed as discharge cleaning medium. The discharge cleaning was carried out at 0.1 A /m ² current density with working pressure maintained at 1.0 × 10 ^-2 mbar. It was experimentally observed that the pump-down time to attain the base pressure ~10 ^-8 mbar was reduced by 62% compared to the unbaked chamber being pumped to this ultimate vacuum. The results were similar irrespective of whether the discharge cleaning medium is either hydrogen or helium. It was also experimentally established that a better ultimate vacuum could be achieved as compared to theoretically calculated ultimate vacuum with the help of discharge cleaning.     

SUNIST球形托卡马克的外加n=1磁场系统

为在SUNIST球形托卡马克上进行MHD不稳定性控制研究,建立了一套外加n=1径向磁场系统。此径向磁场系统的电源能确保在1ms内达到电流峰值并维持3ms以上的电流平台,并且有快速关断功能。测试表明,此套径向磁场系统可以稳定可靠地提供在真空室中心产生以n=1模式为主的径向磁场,为开展控制MHD不稳定性研究奠定了基础。     

由磁测量确定环流器等离子体截面形状的方法

一、引言在环流器实验中,等离子体柱截面形状和位置是位形基本参数。尤其对非圆截面和放电期间截面变化的装置,为调节、控制成形、分析等离子体内外电流分布变化引起的位形和稳定性改变,边界磁面形状位置是不可缺少的信息。本文用给定极向磁场,由拟合计算的方法来确定等离子体边界。     

Analysis of a hollow-cathode reflex discharge in a hydrocarbon flow

Variation of parameters of a reflex discharge with a hollow cathode operating continuously in propane with a flow rate of 1.3–5.6 (m³ mPa)/s and a discharge current of 0.1–0.4 A is analyzed. It is shown that for a hydrocarbon flow rate of 2.4 (m³ mPa)/s and higher, an increase in the discharge voltage takes place after a time interval depending on the discharge current and gas pressure; this is explained by the formation of coating of the dissociation products of hydrocarbon molecules on the electrodes of the discharge chamber. An increase in the thickness of the carbon coating of the cathodes with time and their charging with ions lead to electric breakdown of coatings and the formation of cathode spots. The oscillograms of the discharge current and voltage indicate a short-term transformation of the glow discharge into the arc discharge. The energy spectra of ions emerging from the discharge are measured, and the effect of the discharge current and the gas flow rate on the energy spread of ions is analyzed. The operation time of the discharge in hydrocarbon after which the cleaning of the discharge chamber is required is determined. The possibility of using an ion source based on the reflex discharge with a hollow cathode for technological purposes is established.     

亚辉光放电在HL—1装置的应用

本文简述亚辉光放电在HL-1装置上的应用。实验表明,这是一种安全、简便有效的清洗和碳化手段,它可以弥补磁控清洗放电和碳化的不足之处,并为HL-1M装置器壁锻炼提供了先行试验。     

Theoretical basis of the design of magnetic field generator for DCvacuum circuit breakers

The magnetic field generator (MFG) for producing the transverse magnetic field switching off the direct current in the vacuum chamber is presented. The method of calculating generator coils inductance for different geometrical dimensions and various systems of coils connections, assuming the maximization of the magnetic flux density value in the contact gap and the maximization of the vacuum chamber switching ability, is presented. The possibilities of MAG program for designing magnetic field generators is described     

Gaseous discharge plasmas produced by high-energyelectron-irradiated insulators for spacecraft

High-energy electron irradiation of insulators in vacuum causes both internal regions and surfaces of insulators to achieve high (negative) static voltage relative to nearby “ground”. Occasional spontaneous discharges inject pulses of partially ionized gas composed of the insulating material and surface gas-adatoms into the adjacent vacuum. The gas is capable of partially discharging the high surface potentials by carrying current across the vacuum to “ground”. The current-time waveforms were measured as a function of the spatial arrangement of the sample, test chamber electrodes, and static electric fields in order to investigate effects inside spacecraft boxes and cavities. It was found that plane-parallel electric fields are less able to sustain large discharge currents than are divergent electric fields. Also, physical confinement of the pulse of gas within the region of the electric field greatly increases the conductance of the gaseous discharge. Thus, the spatial arrangement of the sample, test chamber electrodes, and static electric field has a strong impact on the level of ESD-pulse threat to sensitive electronics posed by spontaneous discharges of irradiated insulators in spacecraft     

Quantitative cleaning characterization of a lithium-fluoride iondiode

An ion source cleaning testbed was created to test plasma-cleaning techniques, and to provide quantitative data on plasma-cleaning protocols prior to implementation on the SABRE accelerator. The testbed was designed to resolve issues regarding the quantity of contaminants absorbed by the anode source (LiF), and the best cleaning methodology. A test chamber was devised containing a duplicate of the SABRE diode. Radio-frequency (RF) power was fed to the anode, which was isolated from ground and thus served as the plasma discharge electrode. RF plasma discharges in 1-3 mtorr of Ar with 10% O₂ were found to provide the best cleaning of the LiF surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the LiF could accrue dozens of monolayers of carbon just by sitting in a 2×10^-5 vacuum for 24 h. Tests of various discharge cleaning protocols indicated that 15 min of an Ar/O₂ discharge was sufficient to reduce this initial 13-45 monolayers of carbon impurities to 2-4 monolayers. Rapid recontamination of the LiF was also observed. Up to ten monolayers of carbon returned in 2 min after termination of the plasma discharge and subsequent pumping back to the 10^-5 torr range. Heating of the LiF also was found to provide anode cleaning. Application of heating combined with plasma cleaning provided the highest cleaning rates     

HL-2M装置5 MW中性束加热束线离子源放电室研制

为了给HL-2M装置建设一条5 MW中性束加热束线,开展了中性束加热用热阴极弧放电离子源放电室的研制。这条中性束束线包含4套80 kV/45 A/5 s离子源,放电室的设计指标为850 A/5 s。首先采用CST软件中的电磁工作室对特定几何结构的放电室会切磁场进行了模拟计算,得到了会切磁场分布,验证了会切磁场布局的合理性。针对放电室加工工艺和实验过程中局部拉弧等问题,对放电室结构进行了不断改进。放电室侧壁由40列会切磁体改为7圈环形磁体,阴极灯丝结构从灯丝板结构最终改为陶瓷可伐结构,并且在放电室和加速器之间增加了陶瓷屏蔽。在阴极板结构放电室和阴极陶瓷可伐结构放电室内都获得了正常的弧放电。最终定型的放电室采用周边7圈环形会切磁体和陶瓷可伐结构。在定型的放电室内达到了5 MW中性束束线离子源弧放电的指标。弧放电时间接近5 s,最大弧放电电流达到1 000 A。