Angular eikonal of a conicoid

Exact formulas for the angular eikonal of decentered and oblique conicoids are obtained based on the analysis of the properties of conicoids and angular eikonals. The case of a paraboloid is considered separately. Exact formulas for the angular eikonal open the possibility of construction of an exact theory of aberrations.     

Birefringence in leucosapphire products upon oblique incidence of rays

Formulas are derived for calculating the refractive index of an extraordinary ray for hemispherical shells fabricated from leucosapphire and its textured analog. These formulas make it possible to determine the local birefringence and the direction of propagation of both rays after refraction on the surface of hemispherical shells and lenses. The influence of the geometry of the position of the optical indicatrix on the birefringence in leucosapphire products with a complex configuration is analyzed.     

自适应光学与能动光学

自适应光学和能动光学是近２０年来发展起来的光学新技术，它赋予光学系统以能动可控的能力，为解决困扰光学界几百年之久传统光学技术无法克服动态干扰的老问题，成为高分辨率成像和强激光传输中的关键技术。文章介绍了自适应光学和能动光学原理、技术难点和解决办法。还介绍了我国在激光核聚变和高分辨率天文成像方面应用自适应光学的成果。     

Brief Introduction to Chinese Optics and Applied Optics Abstracts

The Chinese Optics and Applied Optics Abstracts,sponsored by the Documentation and Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Optical Information Network of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences     

Brief Introduction to Chinese Optics and Applied Optics Abstracts

The Chinese Optics and Applied Optics Abstracts, sponsored by the Documentation and Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Optical     

Geometrical Optics in a Rotating Dielectric

Optics and Spectroscopy - A rotating solid homogeneous isotropic dispersion-free dielectric in an accompanying frame of reference turns out to be an inhomogeneous anisotropic medium due to the...     

Geometrical theory of diffracted rays, orbiting and complex rays

In this article, the ray tracing method is studied beyond the classical geometrical theory. The trajectories are here regarded as geodesics in a Riemannian manifold, whose metric and topological properties are those induced by the refractive index (or, equivalently, by the potential). First, we derive the geometrical quantization rule, which is relevant to describe the orbiting bound-states observed in molecular physics. Next, we derive properties of the diffractive rays, regarded here as geodesics in a Riemannian manifold with boundary. A particular attention is devoted to the following problems: (i) modification of the classical stationary phase method suited to a neighborhood of a caustic; (ii) derivation of the connection formulas which enable one to obtain the uniformization of the classical eikonal approximation by patching up geodesic segments crossing the axial caustic; (iii) extension of the eikonal equation to mixed hyperbolic-elliptic systems, and generation of complex-valued rays in the shadow of the caustic. By these methods, we can study creeping waves in diffractive scattering, describe the orbiting resonances present in molecular scattering beside the orbiting bound-states, and, finally, describe the generation of evanescent waves, which are relevant in the nuclear rainbow. “Lumen propagatur seu diffunditur non solum directe, refracte ac reflexe, sed etiam alio quodam quarto modo, diffracte.” Francesco Maria Grimaldi (Physico-Mathesis de lumine, coloribus, et iride, aliisque adnexis libri duo; Bononiae 1665)     

Chaos and Geometrical Optics

Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics - Chaotic evolution of dynamical systems is caused by the divergence of nearby orbits, i. e., by the intrinsic instability of the dynamics. The best way to see...     

Beam Optics and Signal Analysis in a Quantumlike Approach

The application of the tomographic map introduced recently in quantum mechanics is discussed in connection with classical problems that are described by equations formally coinciding with the equations of quantum theory. Examples of the classical problems such as chargedparticlebeam transport and analyticsignal analysis are reviewed. Some aspects of possible applications in quantum computing and quantum communication are discussed.     

光学与太阳能

开发资源丰富、可再生,清洁的新能源是全球一项紧迫的战略任务.在概述现有能源技术的基础上,从光学和光学技术角度重点对太阳能的直接利用、太阳能电池以及太阳能分解水制氰进行了分析.指出了利用简单有效的太阳能跟踪聚焦系统,以及耐热、低损耗、低成本和宽光谱传输的空芯塑料光纤,可以加大对太阳能的直接利用和普及推广;在太阳能电池方面,应重点研究和发展各种薄膜太阳能电池,采用对可见、紫外和红外光谱吸收的、具有不同带隙的复合材料和采用多结器件,以进一步提高电池的转换效率和降低成本;在太阳能分解水制氢方面,应该把直射到地球表面的、从紫外-可见-红外的宽太阳光谱,利用空腔辐射器作一个变换,转换成绝大部分位于水分子有强烈吸收带的红外区.同时利用催化剂(敏化剂),对水进行红外光催化分解反应,或者利用红外多光子离解这有可能取得工业化规模制氢的突破.     

薄片上弯曲的X射线

在薄片上一个细微的波导像光纤一样将X 射线弯折,这可能会推进分子尺度的成像。
通常来说,控制X光传播的技术不改变它的直线传播特性,不过科研工作者现在可以制备出弯曲的波导,而且小到可以置入一小块薄片中。这种波导是在一小片金属上刻入的纳米尺度通道,它可以束缚纤细的相干X射线束,从而用于高分辨X射线成像。这个装置将光束偏折了30°,因此比传统设备在更小的尺度上实现方向的控制。这个波导可以增强纳米尺度X射线成像的分辨率,也可以用于化学反应的超快探测。     

微小孔衍射——近场光学理论

推导了圆孔衍射公式，该公式不受孔径大小和到屏距离的限制，可以作为近场光学的理论。它满足麦克斯韦方程标量形式和基尔霍夫边界条件，包括传播波和衰减波。数值计算表明，此结果优于用Ｂｅｔｈｅ模型所得到的近场理论的结果     

型芯、模具及其制造和注射成型工艺(Ⅲ)

基于我国光学塑料元件成型技术落后于技术发达国家的情况,同时考虑到塑料非球面透镜又是我国目前注射成型的难关,并可望在型芯、模具及其制造和注射成型工艺上有所突破,而塑料非球面透镜又主要采用的是模具及注射工艺,所以本刊编辑部将从１９９８年第４期开始不定期的报道国外塑料模具型芯、模具及其制造、注射成型工艺等方面的有关信息,以此能对我国从事光学塑料元件制造的工程技术人员有所帮助。不定期报道的主要内容有：塑料模具设计要点;模具涂层;流态分析;模具制造的改进;注射成型;注射成型机;成型工艺参数;熔流及工艺性;如何减少成型元件的内应力;材料的选择;注射故障的排除等等。