几种值得注意的有机原料清洁工艺技术

本文综述了基本有机原料生产中的几种清洁生产工艺。这些工艺, 或是显著提高目的产物的选择性, 从而不排放或少排放有害污染物; 或在生产过程中不用有害的或有污染的原料、催化剂和溶剂。文章也介绍了中国石油化工总公司在该领域的研究开发工作。     

电化学的绿色作用

本文从电化学工业、化学电源、金属腐蚀和防护、水的电化学消毒等方面阐述了电化学在绿色化学中的作用及其前景展望。     

MXene在电化学传感器中的应用

过渡金属碳化物或氮化物(MXene)作为一种新型的二维层状材料,由于具有良好的导电性、水中分散性、高的生物相容性和稳定性等,在电化学传感领域具有巨大的应用潜力。将MXene与其他纳米材料复合,可以扬长避短,在性能上实现优势协同和功能互补,有效提高电化学传感器的灵敏度和选择性。本文按照检测物的种类进行分类,综述了基于MXene材料构建的电化学传感平台在生物标记物和环境污染物检测中的应用,并讨论了MXene材料在电化学传感领域未来研究发展和应用中所面临的挑战。     

电化学脱氧核糖核酸传感器

本文对电化学脱氧核糖核酸（ＤＮＡ）传感器的原理，ＤＮＡ在电极表面的固定化，杂交指示剂的研究和电化学ＤＮＡ传感器的性能、分析应用及电化学石英晶体微天平ＤＮＡ传感器等方面的研究进展作了评述。提出了今后研究工作的方向。     

电化学分析在有机农药残留量分析中的应用

对近二十年来电化学分析方法在农药残留量分析中的应用进行了综述，对有机氯农药、有机磷农药、有机氮农药、有机硫农药及有机除草剂展开了评述，并对化学计量学在该领域中的应用作了讨论。     

电化学传感器检测环境中多氯联苯的研究进展

多氯联苯(PCBs)为环境中持久性有毒有机污染物之一,对生态环境产生了严重的危害。随着科研人员对PCBs危害性认识的深入,PCBs监测方法的研究日益增多。该文概述了近年来国内外PCBs的主要分析方法,重点介绍了电化学传感器检测PCBs的研究成果,指出了目前电化学传感器检测PCBs存在的问题,并对电化学传感器在PCBs检测中的发展前景进行了展望。     

表面等离子体共振技术在电化学反应过程研究中的应用

简述了表面等离子体共振(SPR)的基本原理,并综述了表面等离子体共振技术在电化学反应过程中的应用。SPR技术可以无需任何标记原位实时地检测分子间的相互作用,也可用于连续监测吸附/脱附和缔合/解离过程。表面等离子共振光谱(SPRS)与电化学技术结合可用来同时表征和处理电极/溶液的界面,在电化学掺杂/去掺杂过程、吸附/脱附反应的研究、痕量物质的检测、薄膜厚度、介电常数的测定等方面的应用已取得了很大的进展。     

电化学在纤维织物染色中的应用

对蛋白质纤维－丝绸的电化学染色方法进行了初步探索，文中讨论了影响电化学染色上染率的诸因素，并给出上染率α随槽压Ｖ变化的经验方程，实验表明，电化学染色方法较常规色方法能明显地提高上染率，降低能耗，并减少环境污染。     

碳糊电极在有机物电化学分析中的应用

碳糊电极作为一种制备简单、易于更新和重现性好的新型电极，在有机物分析中应用非常广泛。本文就从电极材料的选择、修饰剂的选用和有机物分类等几个方面对近几年碳糊电极在有机物电化学分析上的进展进行评述。引用文献54篇。     

Harnessing a ratiometric fluorescence output from a sensor array

Ratiometric fluorescence-based sensors are widely sought after because they can effectively convert even relatively small changes in optical output into a strong and easy-to-read signal. However, ratiometric sensor molecules are usually difficult to make. We present a proof-of-principle experiment that shows that efficient ratiometric sensing may be achieved by an array of two chromophores, one providing an on-to-off response and the second yielding an off-to-on response in a complementary fashion. In the case that both chromophores emit light of different color, the result is a switching of colors that may be utilized in the same way as from a true ratiometric probe. The chromophore array comprises two sensor elements: i) a polyurethane membrane with embedded N-anthracen-9-yl-methyl-N-7-nitrobenzoxa-[1,2,5]diazo-4-yl-N',N'-dimethylethylenediamine hydrochloride and ii) a membrane with N,N-dimethyl-N'-(9-methylanthracenyl)ethylenediamine. A combination of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) allows for green-to-blue emission switching in the presence of Zn(II) ions. The sensing experiments carried out with different Zn(II) salts at controlled pH revealed that the degree of color switching in the individual sensor elements depends on both the presence of Zn(II) ions and the counter anion. These results suggest that sensing of both cations and anions may perhaps be extended to different cation-anion pairs.     

Oxygen Electrochemistry as a Cornerstone for Sustainable Energy Conversion

Electrochemistry will play a vital role in creating sustainable energy solutions in the future, particularly for the conversion and storage of electrical into chemical energy in electrolysis cells, and the reverse conversion and utilization of the stored energy in galvanic cells. The common challenge in both processes is the development of—preferably abundant—nanostructured materials that can catalyze the electrochemical reactions of interest with a high rate over a sufficiently long period of time. An overall understanding of the related processes and mechanisms occurring under the operation conditions is a necessity for the rational design of materials that meet these requirements. A promising strategy to develop such an understanding is the investigation of the impact of material properties on reaction activity/selectivity and on catalyst stability under the conditions of operation, as well as the application of complementary in situ techniques for the investigation of catalyst structure and composition.     

Sensing Uranyl(VI) Ions by Coordination and Energy Transfer to a Luminescent Europium(III) Complex

The release of uranyl(VI) is a hazardous environmental issue, with limited ways to monitor accumulation in situ. Here, we present a method for the detection of uranyl(VI) ions through the utilization of a unique fluorescence energy transfer process to europium(III). Our system displays the first example of a “turn‐on” europium(III) emission process with a small, water‐soluble lanthanide complex triggered by uranyl(VI) ions.     

Trapping of Ag+ into a Perfect Six-Coordinated Environment: Structural Analysis,Quantum Chemical Calculations and Electrochemistry

Self-assembly of (Bu₄N)₄[β-Mo₈O₂₆], AgNO₃, and 2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imino]acenaphthene (dpp-bian) in DMF solution resulted in the (Bu₄N)₂[β-{Ag(dpp-bian)}₂Mo₈O₂₆] (1) complex. The complex was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), diffuse reflectance (DR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and elemental analysis. Comprehensive SCXRD studies of the crystal structure show the presence of Ag⁺ in an uncommon coordination environment without a clear preference for Ag-N over Ag-O bonding. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to qualify the nature of the Ag-N/Ag-O interactions and to assign the electronic transitions observed in the UV–Vis absorption spectra. The electrochemical behavior of the complex combines POM and redox ligand signatures. Complex 1 demonstrates catalytic activity in the electrochemical reduction of CO₂.     

Aptamer‐Based Luminescence Energy Transfer from Near‐Infrared‐to‐Near‐Infrared Upconverting Nanoparticles to Gold Nanorods and Its Application for the Detection of Thrombin

A new luminescence energy transfer (LET) system has been designed for the detection of thrombin in the near‐infrared (NIR) region by utilizing NIR‐to‐NIR upconversion lanthanide nanophosphors (UCNPs) as the donor and gold nanorods (Au NRs) as the acceptor. The use of upconverting NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺ nanoparticles with sharp NIR emission peaks upon NIR excitation by an inexpensive infrared continuous wave laser diode provided large spectral overlap between the donor and the acceptor. Both the Au NRs and carboxyl‐terminated NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺ UCNPs were first modified with different thrombin aptamers. When thrombin was added, a LET system was then formed because of the specific recognition between the thrombin aptamers and thrombin. The LET system was used to monitor thrombin concentrations in aqueous buffer and human blood samples. The limits of detection for thrombin are as low as 0.118 nM in buffer solution and 0.129 nM in human serum. The method was also successfully applied to thrombin detection in blood samples.     

Sensors Based on SNO2 As a Detector for CO Oxidation in Air

This work describes properties of sensors based on SnO₂ , which were used as detectors in the temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) of CO oxidation. Usually, the detection in temperature-programmed processes is realized by using TCD (katharometer) or a mass spectrograph. In our work we present preliminary results which show that the sensors manufactured from SnO₂ can also be used to this aim.     

Phosphorescent thymidine triphosphate sensor based on a donor-acceptor ensemble system using intermolecular energy transfer

An ensemble sensor system that exhibited selective luminescence enhancement upon binding to thymidine 5'-triphosphate (TTP) in HEPES buffer over other nucleotides was developed. The ensemble system consisted of an energy acceptor (FIrpic-bis(Zn2+-dipicolylamine conjugate, FIrpic=bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2+]picolinate) derivative) and an energy donor (mCP-Zn2+-cyclen, mCP=N,N'-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene). Among the nucleotides, the selective recognition and luminescence enhancement for TTP was achieved by the strong binding of the thymine unit to Zn2+-cyclen (cyclen=1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) and intermolecular energy transfer between the mCP and FIrpic moieties.