高效液相色谱法测定海水中游离态腐胺、亚精胺和精胺

使用高效液相色谱法测定海水中3种游离态多胺(腐胺、亚精胺和精胺).海水样品经 HClO4溶液酸化,丹磺酰氯衍生化,ODS色谱柱(150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm)分离,以0.1 mol/L乙酸铵和乙腈为流动相梯度淋洗,流速为1.0 mL/min,荧光检测(激发波长:340 nm;发射波长:515 nm).本实验中腐胺、亚精胺和精胺的检出限(S/N=3)分别为9.6×10-11, 2.8×10-10和1.0×10-10mol/L.在1×10-9～1×10-7mol/L范围内,3种多胺的浓度和荧光信号值均呈良好的线性关系(R>0.99).海水样品添加浓度在5×10-9, 1×10-8, 2.5×10-8和5×10-8 mol/L的回收率为84.9%～110.9%;衍生方法的相对标准偏差<3.6%,本方法中多胺衍生物不需要用有机溶剂萃取,衍生后可直接进样分析,避免了萃取过程中多胺的损失,极大地提高了分析速度.本方法具有选择性高,样品用量少,灵敏度好等特点,适合海水中游离态腐胺、亚精胺和精胺的痕量分析.     

高效液相色谱法分析柿子中多胺

采用高效液相色谱法,用1,6 己二胺为内标,定量测定柿子中的精胺(Spermine)、亚精胺(Spermidine)、尸胺(Cadaverine)和腐胺(Putrescine)。样品经丹磺酰氯衍生,硅胶柱净化,LichrosorbNH2柱分离后,以氯仿∶乙酸乙酯∶三乙胺(98.4∶1.5∶0.1)为流动相,流速为1 5ml·min-1,荧光检测器检测。激发波长为336nm,发射波长为495nm,精胺、亚精胺、尸胺和腐胺的线性相关系数均大于0.99,其回收率分别为98.99%、94.02%、96.46%和105.44%。     

一锅法合成1,4-二叔丁氧羰基亚精胺

以丁二胺和丙烯腈为原料,采用一锅法制得N1,N4-二叔丁氧羰基-N4-(2-氰乙基)-1,4-丁二胺(3);以甲基叔丁基醚为溶剂,3经LiAlH4还原合成了1,4-二叔丁氧羰基亚精胺,其结构经1H NMR和MS确证。     

离子色谱法同时测定水源水中的5种生物胺

建立了离子色谱(IC)同时测定水源水中5种生物胺(BA)(腐胺、尸胺、组胺、亚精胺和精胺)的方法。样品经0.45 μm水膜过滤后,用TSK-GEL SuperIC阳离子交换柱(150 mm×4.6 mm)分离,以甲磺酸水溶液为流动相梯度淋洗,流速为1.0 mL/min,非抑制电导检测,进样量为100 μL。实验结果表明,5种生物胺可以实现基线分离;在1.0～30.0 mg/L范围内,其峰面积与质量浓度之间的线性关系良好;保留时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)均不高于0.02%,峰面积的RSD小于2.08%;加标回收率为96.0%～107.0%。该法简便、快捷、准确,可以用于水源水中腐胺、尸胺、组胺、亚精胺和精胺5种生物胺的同时测定。     

共振光散射法研究脱氧核糖核酸与多胺的相互作用及精胺的测定

在一定条件下,精胺不仅能够与脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)大沟嵌入结合,还能与DNA链上的碱基和磷酸基进行链内结合和跨链结合,形成致密的环状螺旋结构,造成DNA的凝聚,从而使DNA共振光散射(RLS)强度强烈地增强。增强的共振光散射强度与精胺的浓度呈现良好的线性关系,线性范围为5.0×10-7~1.0×10-5mol/L;校正曲线的回归方程为IRLS=40.22 5.28×107C(mol/L),相关系数r=0.9936;检出限(3σ)为7.4×10-8mol/L。在测定精胺的线性范围内,其它多胺(亚精胺,腐胺)、蛋白质及常见的金属离子不干扰测定。该方法用于测定新几内亚凤仙中的精胺,获得满意结果。     

澳洲栗精胺全合成研究进展

主要介绍近年来天然物澳洲栗精胺全合成研究的多种方法，包括用葡萄糖，甘露糖等不同的起始原料和不同的合成路线。参考文献１１篇。     

亚精胺对溶菌酶构象及催化性能的影响

聚乙烯亚胺是典型的聚阳离子基因载体材料,但是具有一定的细胞毒性,以小分子多胺为基础制备易降解的高分子材料是降低聚乙烯亚胺类基因载体材料的细胞毒性和提高基因转染效率的重要方法。为深入了解聚乙烯亚胺类基因载体材料与生物大分子的相互作用,本文综合应用吸收光谱、共振瑞利散射、圆二色谱和荧光光谱研究典型小分子多胺化合物亚精胺与溶菌酶的相互作用及其对酶的构象、催化活性和催化动力学的影响和机理。亚精胺是两亲性分子,其氨基基团易于质子化而具有较强的静电结合和氢键形成能力,亚甲基基团则具有一定的疏水性。亚精胺较小的分子尺寸和两亲性使其可以穿透进入溶菌酶的疏水核心,与溶菌酶肽链的非特异性结合导致溶菌酶二级结构由α-螺旋向β-折叠和β-转角转变,并导致溶菌酶表面疏水性略微增强。亚精胺与溶菌酶的结合降低了溶菌酶对底物溶壁微球菌的亲和力和最大反应速率,低浓度的亚精胺对溶菌酶的活性具有显著的抑制作用。     

以多胺为探针的DNA共振光散射光谱法测定

研究了三种常见多胺与小牛胸腺脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)作用的共振光散射光谱.发现在pH 2.21～9.15的B-R缓冲溶液中,小牛胸腺DNA与精胺的结合产生强烈的共振光散射,散射强度在343 nm波长处达到最大.小牛胸腺DNA的质量浓度在0.1～40 mg·L-1范围内与共振光散射强度呈线性关系,回归方程的相关系数为0.998 9,检出限为19μg·L-1.5倍于DNA浓度的蛋白质、核苷酸都不干扰DNA的分析测定,金属离子的允许浓度一般为1.0×10-6mol·L-1.     

氯甲酸芴甲酯柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定植物中多胺

建立了一种采用氯甲酸芴甲酯进行柱前衍生，高效液相色谱分离和测定植物中的游离态和结合态多胺的新方法。腐胺、精脒和精胺的分离在１６ｍｉｎ内完成；检出限分别达到０．０３０、０．０１８和０．０２３ｐｍｏｌ线性动态范围至少是３个数量级。研究了反应温度和时间对荧光衍生物产率的影响，指出在２５℃下反应２０ｍｉｎ可获得较高产率。多胺总量与衍生试剂的摩尔比超过１：８时，荧光衍生物产率恒定。本方法用于要和番茄样品的测     

亚精胺诱导λ-DNA凝聚现象的AFM研究

生物体内DNA的紧密堆积存在方式与基因表达的自我调控机制有关 ,因此研究体内凝聚诱导物对DNA凝聚所起的作用具有重要意义 .采用原子力显微镜(AFM )研究了这一体系 .研究表明 :亚精胺可直接诱导λ DNA形成一种特殊的结构———环形凝聚体 ;环形凝聚体的形成受动力学因素 (时间 ,浓度 )影响较大 ;环形凝聚体由纳米级小颗粒紧密排列而成 ;凝聚机制可能是以这些颗粒为组成单元的螺旋盘绕过程 .所得结论对生物体内DNA凝聚过程的理论研究具有重要意义     

金纳米簇荧光猝灭型探针高灵敏检测精胺

以紫脲酸铵(Murexide,MU)为还原剂及保护剂,采用水热合成法,合成了紫脲酸铵保护的荧光金纳米簇(MU-Au NCs),合成方法简单、快速.基于精胺对MU-Au NCs的荧光猝灭现象,建立了快速、超灵敏检测精胺的"Turn off"型荧光分析方法,在优化的条件下,本方法检测精胺的线性范围为0.003~300 μmol/L,检测限为1 nmol/L(S/N=3).本方法为构建精胺生物传感器及实际样品检测提供了理论基础和参考.     

水杨醛缩精胺及其配合物的合成与生物活性

Ｏ ,Ｏ 二甲基硫代磷酰胺 (简称精胺 )是合成农药甲胺磷的中间体 ,我们以精胺、水杨醛为原料 ,合成了水杨醛缩精胺席夫碱及其铜、镍、锌配合物 (下图 )。生物活性实验表明 ,该席夫碱配体及其配合物具有较好的抑制超氧离子的功效和消灭红蜘蛛的生物活性。1　实验部分1 1　试剂与仪器所用试剂为ＡＲ或ＣＰ ,精胺用前经硅胶柱色谱纯化处理。化合物的Ｃ、Ｈ、Ｎ用Ｐ Ｅ2 4 0自动元素分析仪、铜用碘量法、镍、锌用ＥＤＴＡ法测定。Ｐ Ｅ983富立叶红外光谱仪 ,ＫＢｒ压片法 ;Ｐ Ｅｌａｍｂｄａ 7紫外分光光度计 ,无水甲醇作溶剂。Ｖａｒｉａｎ Ｘ…     

等浓度的氯化铵和硫酸铵溶液哪个pH高

有中学化学参考资料题:0.10 mol/L的NH4Cl和(NH4)2SO4溶液哪个pH值高?这似乎是个中学生可做的简单题目,仔细考虑不是如此.如果简单地认为盐酸和硫酸都是强酸,而硫酸是二元酸,硫酸铵溶液中铵盐浓度为0.20 mol/L,那么NH4Cl溶液pH高,那是不妥的.硫酸是二元酸,第一个氢离子能完全电离,第二个氢离子部分电离,如此考虑情况怎么样呢?是不是答案发生变化?这要通过计算来说明.     

Enhanced efficiency and stability in Sn-based perovskite solar cells with secondary crystallization growth

The conversion efficiencies reported for Tin(Sn)halide-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)fall a large gap behind those of lead halide-based PSCs,mainly because of poor film quality of the former.Here we report an efficient strategy based on a simple secondary crystallization growth(SCG)technique to improve film quality for tin halide-based PSCs by applying a series of functional amine chlorides on the perovskite surface.They were discovered to enhance the film crystallinity and suppress the oxidation of Sn²⁺remarkably,hence reduce trap state density and non-irradiative recombination in the absorber films.Furthermore,the SCG film holds the band levels matching better with carrier transport layers and herein favoring charge extraction at the device interfaces.Consequently,a champion device efficiency of 8.07% was achieved alo ng with significant enhancements in VOC and JSC,in contrast to 5.35% of the control device value.Moreover,the SCG film-based devices also exhibit superior stability comparing with the control one.This work explicitly paves a novel and general strategy for developing high performance lead-free PSCs.     

Recent Advances of Pure Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence Materials for Bioimaging Applications

Bioimaging,as a powerful and helpful tool,which allows people to investigate deeply within living organisms,has contributed a lot for both clinical theranostics and scientific research.Pure organic room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials with the unique features of ultralong luminescence lifetime and large Stokes shift,can efficiently avoid biological autofluorescence and scattered light through a time-resolved imaging modality,and thus are attracting increasing attention.This review classifies pure organic RTP materials into three categories,including small molecule RTP materials,polymer RTP materials and supramolecular RTP materials,and summarizes the recent advances of pure organic RTP materials for bioimaging applications.     

Energy level engineering of charge selective contact and halide perovskite by modulating band offset:Mechanistic insights

Mixed cation and anion based perovskites solar cells exhibited enhanced stability under outdoor conditions,however,it yielded limited power conversion efficiency when TiO₂ and Spiro-OMeTAD were employed as electron and hole transport layer(ETL/HTL)respectively.The inevitable interfacial recombination of charge carriers at ETL/perovskite and perovskite/HTL interface diminished the efficiency in planar(n-i-p)perovskite solar cells.By employing computational approach for uni-dimensional device simulator,the effect of band offset on charge recombination at both interfaces was investigated.We noted that it acquired cliff structure when the conduction band minimum of the ETL was lower than that of the perovskite,and thus maximized interfacial recombination.However,if the conduction band minimum of ETL is higher than perovskite,a spike structure is formed,which improve the performance of solar cell.An optimum value of conduction band offset allows to reach performance of 25.21%,with an open circuit voltage(VOC)of 1231 mV,a current density JSC of 24.57 mA/cm² and a fill factor of 83.28%.Additionally,we found that beyond the optimum offset value,large spike structure could decrease the performance.With an optimized energy level of Spiro-OMeTAD and the thickness of mixed-perovskite layer performance of 26.56% can be attained.Our results demonstrate a detailed understanding about the energy level tuning between the charge selective layers and perovskite and how the improvement in PV performance can be achieved by adjusting the energy level offset.     

A new strategy to access Co/N co-doped carbon nanotubes as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs),as one-dimensional nanomaterials,show great potential in energy conversion and storage due to their efficient electrical conductivity and mass transfer.However,the security risks,time-consuming and high cost of the preparation process hinder its further application.Here,we develop that a negative pressure rather than a following gas environment can promote the generation of cobalt and nitrogen co-doped CNTs(Co/N-CNTs) by using cobalt zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF-67) as a precursor,in which the negative pressure plays a key role in adjusting the size of cobalt nanoparticles and stimulating the rearragement of carbon atoms for forming CNTs.Importantly,the obtained Co/N-CNTs,with high content of pyridinic nitrogen and abundant graphitized structure,exhibit superior catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) with half-wave potential(E_1/2) of 0.85 V and durability in terms of the minimum current loss(2%) after the 30,000 s test.Our development provides a new pathway for large-scale and cost-effective preparation of metal-doped CNTs for various applications.     

Stabilizing High-voltage Cathode Materials for Next-generation Li-ion Batteries

The pressing demand for high-energy/power lithium-ion batteries requires the deployment of cathode materials with higher capacity and output voltage.Despite more than ten years of research,high-voltage cathode mate-rials,such as high-voltage layered oxides,spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4,and high-voltage polyanionic compounds still cannot be commercially viable due to the instabilities of standard electrolytes,cathode materials,and cathode electrolyte interphases under high-voltage operation.This paper summarizes the recent advances in addressing the surface and interface issues haunting the application of high-voltage cathode materials.The understanding of the limitations and advantages of different modification protocols will direct the future endeavours on advancing high-energy/power lithium-ion batteries.     

Suppressing trap states and energy loss by optimizing vertical phase distribution through ternary strategy in organic solar cells

Suppressing the trap-state density and the energy loss via ternary strategy was demonstrated.Favorable vertical phase distribution with donors(acceptors)accumulated(depleted)at the interface of active layer and charge extraction layer can be obtained by introducing appropriate amount of polymer acceptor N2200 into the systems of PBDB-T:IT-M and PBDB-TF:Y6.In addition,N2200 is gradiently distributed in the vertical direction in the ternary blend film.Various measurements were carried out to study the effects of N2200 on the binary systems.It was found that the optimized morphology especially in vertical direction can significantly decrease the trap state density of the binary blend films,which is beneficial for the charge transport and collection.All these features enable an obvious decrease in charge recombination in both PBDB-T:IT-M and PBDB-TF:Y6 based organic solar cells(OSCs),and power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of 12.5%and 16.42%were obtained for the ternary OSCs,respectively.This work indicates that it is an effective method to suppress the trap state density and thus improve the device performance through ternary strategy.     

Conformational Properties of Comb-shaped Polyelectrolytes with Negatively Charged Backbone and Neutral Side Chains Studied by a Generic Coarse-grained Bead-and-Spring Model

A generic coarse-grained bead-and-spring model,mapped onto comb-shaped polycarboxylate-based(PCE)superplasticizers,is developed and studied by Langevin molecular dynamics simulations with implicit solvent and explicit counterions.The agreement on the radius of gyration of the PCEs with experiments shows that our model can be useful in studying the equilibrium sizes of PCEs in solution.The effects of ionic strength,side-chain number,and side-chain length on the conformational behavior of PCEs in solution are explored.Single-chain equilibrium properties,including the radius of gyration,end-to-end distance and persistenee length of the polymer backbone,shape-asphericity parameter,and the mean span dimension,are determined.It is found that with the increase of ionic strength,the equilibrium sizes of the polymers decrease only slightly,and a linear dependenew of the persistence length of backbone on the Debye screening length is found,in good agreement with the theory developed by Dobrynin.Increasing side-chain numbers and/or side-chain lengths increases not only the equilibrium sizes(radius of gyration and mean span)of the polymer as a whole,but also the persistence length of the backbone due to excluded volume interactions.