核磁共振实验的计算机辅助教学

基于核磁共振的经典理论——Bloch方程,运用Matlab程序对核磁共振实验的各个环节(观察核磁共振信号、自由衰减信号、自旋回波信号等)进行了可视化模拟,帮助学生认识和理解核磁共振,辅助实验教学.     

铁磁合金中核磁共振自旋回波的形状

本文报导了对非晶态铁磁合金F₇₉B_15.5S_3.5C₂样品的¹¹B核磁共振自旋回波的测量结果。所得回波的形状既与射频场强度有关也与射频脉冲宽度有关。从理论上计算了几种条件下的回波波形。实验结果与计算结果基本符合。     

核磁共振技术测量生物骨密度的设备及方法

诊断骨质疏松症多采用双能X射线吸收方法测得的骨密度数据作为依据,但是该方法存在一定量的辐射,且准确性不高.该文设计并改进了一套核磁共振装置,通过在发射和接收线圈之间增加快速切换开关(Q-switch),使得核磁共振自旋回波的回波时间缩短至80μs的超短回波时间范围,实现了对T_2弛豫时间很短的骨组织核磁共振自旋回波信号的采集;将T_2弛豫时间谱和双能X射线方法测量的骨密度数据进行了对比研究,发现核磁共振T_2弛豫时间谱上300~500μs之间的峰值与骨密度之间具有良好的线性关系,随着骨密度的增大,相应的T_2弛豫时间峰值缩短;利用核磁共振T_2弛豫时间谱技术,结合双能X射线吸收方法,提出了一种测量生物离体骨骼样本骨密度的方法.该测量方案具有测量速度快、对人体完全无害、跨时期比较性强等优点,很好的弥补了现有测量方法的不足,在骨质疏松症的诊断和疗效评估中有着良好的应用前景.     

核磁共振成像技术的新进展（上）

核磁共振成像出现至今不过２０年左右。由于它在医学的诊断上起了很大的作用，使它在短短的２０年中取得了飞速的发展。本文在简述了核磁共振成像的基本原理和典型的实验方法──场梯度回波方法和自旋回波方法之后，分别介绍了近年来在快速成像，流体成像，化学移位成像和磁化率成像等方面的新进展。     

聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的核磁共振微成象

用核磁共振微成象中的自旋回波成象方法研究了γ辐射交联聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶体系,得到PAMG样品中交联网络的质子自旋密度分布之直观图象.对4个不同溶胀度的PAMG样品进行了实验测量,其实验结果清晰而直观地显示出样品中的交联网络随样品溶胀度的不同而变化的情况.     

自旋回波法测量弛豫时间

本文报导利用我们自己研制的ZHP—1型自旋回波谱仪测量弛豫时间的有关问题,目的是为了在近代物理实验中让学生: (1) 了解脉冲核磁共振的基本实验装置和基本物理思想,学会用经典矢量模型方法解释脉冲核磁共振中的一些物理现象;     

通过核磁共振成像区分肥瘦肉组织

核磁共振成像技术在生物医学领域有广泛应用,在近代物理实验课程中开设核磁共振成像实验有助于加深对其复杂原理的理解.本文介绍了在实验室的小型设备上用软脉冲自旋回波序列对猪肉进行T1加权成像,从而把肥肉和瘦肉在成像中分离的过程.     

自旋回波的简易观测方法及共振弛豫分析

在脉冲核磁共振实验中,通常采用自旋回波法测量共振弛豫时间,但模拟示波器观测难以获得准确的实验数据.通过对计算机标准配置资源声卡的性能检测及标定,使其达到物理实验测量数据定量分析的教学要求,同时利用免费的简易程序实现多通道数字信号采集功能并用于观测记录脉冲核磁共振信号.配合实验操作技术改进,既准确地测量了横向弛豫时间,又展现了符合物理实验教学的计算机应用方法.     

FNR-Ⅰ核磁共振波谱仪

基于自旋回波的原理研制成功了一台专用于分析磁性材料的核磁共振波谱仪。其工作频率为25-80MHz;输出功率10W,可用它在77-300°k范围测量铁磁材料的共振谱线,增强因数和自旋-自旋弛豫时间T₂;它也可用于测量非磁性固体的宽核磁共振谱线。     

核磁共振成像技术的新进展

核磁共振成像出现至贪不过２０年左右。由于它在医学的诊断上起了很大的作用，使它在短短的２０年中取得了飞速的发展，本文在简述了核磁共振成像的基础原理和典型的实验方法－场梯度加波方法和自旋回波方法之后，分别介绍了近年来快速成像，流体成像，化学移位成像和磁化率成像等方面的新进展。     

Observation of a new coherent transient in NMR -- nutational two-pulse stimulated echo in the angular distribution of \gamma-radiation from oriented nuclei

A new coherent transient in pulsed NMR, the two-pulse nutational stimulated echo, is reported for the ferromagnetic system ⁶⁰CoFe using resonant perturbations on the directional emission of anisotropic \gamma-radiation from thermally oriented nuclei. The new spin echo is a result of non-linear nuclear spin dynamics due to large Larmor inhomogeneity active during radiofrequency pulse application. It is made readily observable through the gross detuning between NMR radiofrequency excitation and gamma radiation detection, and inhomogeneity in the Rabi frequency caused by metallic skin-effect. The method of concatenation of perturbation factors in a statistical tensor formalism is quantitatively applied to successfully predict and then fit in detail the experimental time-domain data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Nuclear spin echo model based on Floquet–Lyapunov theory

The method of nuclear spin-echo amplitude calculation based on the density matrix technique is improved. The Floquet–Lyapunov theorem for a system of the ordinary differential equations with coefficients periodically dependent on time is used to find the solution of the Schrödinger equation for the time-evolution operator which describes behavior of a nuclear spin in the presence of a radiofrequency pulsed magnetic field. NQR spin echo for the case of nuclear spin I?=?1 and NMR spin echo for I?=?1/2 are considered as the simplest illustrations of the approach. The appearance of multiple spin echoes is predicted in the case of strong radiofrequency field.     

A model for domain and domain wall NMR signals in magnetic materials

Spin echo NMR signals in magnetic materials (simple metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds) generally result from mixed contributions of distinct magnetic regions of the sample, the magnetic domains and the domain walls. The amplitude of the signal is proportional to the so-called enhancement factor which in most of the cases greatly differs in these two regions, depending upon the wall mobility, the magnetic anisotropy, etc. The experimental access to domain and domain walls is possible, in principle, by a careful control of the RF power applied to the sample. In this paper a simple superposition model is proposed which includes both contributions to the NMR signal. We calculate the amplitude of the spin echo in magnetic powder samples and compare it with experimental situations where it has been possible to separate different contributions to the signal. This has been done in some RCo₂ magnetic rare-earth intermetallic compounds by analyzing the spectral line widths and the curve of the spin echo amplitude versus the applied RF field. Despite its simplicity, the present model allows the understanding of the main features of the NMR spectra and the dependence of the echo amplitude with the RF power in these compounds.     

Translational free random walk of spins in the presence of a parabolic magnetic field

The free random walk approach has been used to analyze the attenuation of the NMR signal due to spin dephasing in the presence of a constant and pulsed parabolic magnetic field. The spin echo sequence was chosen to examine the attenuation of the NMR signal resulting from self-diffusion. In the framework of the gaussian approach, the long-time limit calculations predict more pronounced diffusion weighting for the parabolic field than for linear magnetic field. Analytical results were obtained and compared with those from other approaches based on a variety of different of approximations.     

阿达玛变换在核磁共振成象中的应用

阿达玛变换应用到核磁共振成象技术中,能提高成象技术的灵敏度。本文阐述了阿达玛变换在线扫描核磁共振成象中应用原理,推出了合成的激发信号相位与阿达玛编码关系。得到频率合成的激发信号相位表,据该表合成的激发信号产生多个自旋回波,能使核磁共振成象技术速度快、灵敏度高。文中还对该方法作了深入的讨论。     

NMR observations of fluorine ion-implanted into polyacetylene and graphite

¹⁹FNMR spectroscopy has been used to characterize fluorine implanted into polyacetylene and highly orientated pyrolytic graphite. The intensities of the ¹⁹F NMR spectra at 4.5 K show that essentially all the fluorine is retained in these materials after the implantation process is over. The Une width of the spectrum of the graphite sample indicates that the fluorine remains where it was deposited.For the polyacetylene sample the ratio of the NMR solid echo height to the spin echo height, as calibrated herein, shows that the predominant nuclear diploar interaction of the implanted fluorine is heteronuclear.     

含硼分子筛的11B VAS NMR和1H MAS NMR研究

以变角旋转(VAS) NMR方法考察了三配位硼的存在状态,得到其四极作用常数C_q为2.4MHz,电场梯度不对称系数η为0.0.硼引入骨架形成的酸性羟基质子的信号位于2.3ppm,¹H{¹¹B}双共振实验证实其与硼原子的关联很弱.与6.5ppm分子筛吸水峰同时出现的2.7ppm的信号也被认为是吸水的信号,与非骨架铝羟基质子的信号在同一位置,但可通过¹H{²⁷Al}双共振实验加以判别.     

A computer controlled spin echo spectrometer for the study of ferromagnetic materials

The computer control of a broad band (10–1,000 MHz) untuned NMR spin echo spectrometer is described with examples of distribution of hyperfine field as a function of frequency and of modulated echo decay obtained automatically.