Orosomucoid 1 and orosomucoid 2 types in the Taiwanese and Japanese: evidence for five new orosomucoid variants

The genetic polymorphisms of orosomucoid, ORM1 and ORM2, were analyzed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels and subsequent immunoprinting. Sera from 600 unrelated individuals in Taiwan and Japan were examined. Five new alleles, designated ORM1*7, ORM1*8, ORM1*4.2, ORM2*8 and ORM2*10, were observed together with common and rare alleles that have been found in the Japanese and the Filipinos. As compared with the Japanese, the Taiwanese have a higher frequency of ORM1*1, and a significantly lower frequency of ORM1*2.1.     

Investigation of genetic variants of α-1 acid glycoprotein by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Genetic variants of human plasma alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) have been studied in cancer, compared with a group of healthy control. AGP has four genetic variants: AGP F1, F2, and S variants correspond to the ORM1 gene whereas AGP A corresponds to the ORM2 gene. The proportion of ORM1 and ORM2 variants were studied in plasma using a novel UPLC–MS method. Plasma total AGP level was 0.5 ± 0.2 g L⁻¹ and the proportions of the ORM1 and ORM2 variants were 76.3 ± 8.2% and 23.7 ± 8.2%, respectively. In cancer plasma AGP levels increased fourfold and the proportion of ORM1 variants increased to 88.7 ± 6.8%. Changes in the proportion of genetic variants due to cancer were clearly significant, as shown by statistical analysis. Three different cancer types have been studied, lymphoma, melanoma, and ovarian cancer. The results did not show any difference depending on cancer type. The results indicate that, in accordance with prior expectations, the ORM1 variant is predominantly responsible for the acute-phase property of AGP.     

Genetic study of orosomucoid by isoelectric focusing and immunoprinting in patients with carcinoma.

The carbohydrate moiety of the orosomucoid (ORM) molecule shows microheterogeneity [1] and the pteridine-containing variant seems to be tumor-specific [2-4]. However, there also exists a genetic (protein-related) polymorphism coded by the ORM1 and ORM2 loci on chromosome 9 [5, 6]. To investigate the relationship between ORM1 gene products and the development of carcinoma, we analyzed the ORM1 phenotypes of desialated sera from 125 patients with carcinoma. The allele frequencies were estimated for ORM1*F1 0.556, ORM1*F2 0.012 and ORM1*S 0.432. In comparison to healthy individuals from the same geographical area [6] the ORM1 S phenotypes are significantly more frequent in carcinoma patients. The patients' sera frequently showed additional ORM-positive proteins which focused slightly cathodically to the ORM 2 A band. These proteins may represent posttranslational modifications of the ORM1*S allele product. Whether these modifications are tumor-specific and related to the carbohydrate moiety of the molecule must be confirmed in further studies.     

BDNF as a Putative Target for Standardized Extract of Ginkgo biloba-Induced Persistence of Object Recognition Memory

Despite considerable progress on the study of the effect of standardized extract of Gingko biloba (EGb) on memory processes, our understanding of its role in the persistence of long-term memory (LTM) and the molecular mechanism underlying its effect, particularly episodic-like memory, is limited. We here investigated the effects of EGb on the long-term retention of recognition memory and its persistence and BDNF expression levels in the dorsal hippocampal formation (DHF). Adult male Wistar rats (n = 10/group) were handled for 10 min/5 day. On day 6, the animals were treated with vehicle or 0.4 mg/kg diazepam (control groups) or with EGb (250, 500 or 100 mg/kg) 30 min before the training session (TR1), in which the animals were exposed to two sample objects. On day 7, all rats underwent a second training session (TR2) as described in the TR1 but without drug treatment. Object recognition memory (ORM) was evaluated on day 8 (retention test, T1) and day 9 (persistence test, T2). At the end of T1or T2, animals were decapitated, and DHF samples were frozen at −80 °C for analyses of the differential expression of BDNF by Western blotting. EGb-treated groups spent more time exploring the novel object in T2 and showed the highest recognition index (RI) values during the T1 and T2, which was associated with upregulation of BDNF expression in the DHF in a dose-and session-dependent manner. Our data reveal, for the first time, that EGb treatment before acquisition of ORM promotes persistence of LTM by BDNF differential expression.     

Resolution optimization in micellar electrokinetic chromatography using two different overlapping resolution mapping schemes

Summary An appropriate optimization strategy should be able to find good separation conditions in the shortest time with only a few experiments, to assure the baseline-separation of all components. In this paper, the use of two optimization schemes has been studied using 10 substituted benzene as model compounds. The triangular overlapping resolution mapping (ORM) scheme and cubic ORM scheme were compared to optimize the three relevant parameters-the concentration of surfactant, the concentration of HP-β-cyclodextrin and pH. By conducting experiments that span the maximum working range of the system, overall optimum conditions for separation can be obtained. To confirm the validity of the two ORM schemes, additional experiments using the predicted optimum conditions were performed. Finally, 10 substituted benzene compounds were completely separated within 20 min by both sets of optimized conditions.     

Comparison between isoelectric focusing methods for the detection of orosomucoid phenotypes

Orosomucoid (ORM) polymorphism was investigated by different methods including isoelectric focusing in acid pH ranges followed by silver staining, print immunofixation of desialyzed ORM, fixation using a lectin from the sea-weed Codium tomentosum, isoelectric focusing followed by immunofixation in miniaturized gels and isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. Population genetics studies were carried out in Galicia (NW Spain) and two new ORM variants were found.     

二氢吡啶类药物和肺保三效片组分高效液相色谱流动相的优化

本文使用重叠分辨图谱(ORM)法预示了HPLC分离二氢吡啶类药物和肺保三效片中组分的最佳流动相组成。实验表明ORM法是一种迅速、多用途的优化方法。     

应用扩展的重叠分辨率法优化液相色谱条件分离二茂铁类化合物

本文对优化液相色谱分离条件的重叠分辨率法进行了改进与扩展：首先利用全范围的二元线性梯度淋洗进行溶剂强度的优化，再通过重叠分辨率法进行了溶剂选择性的优化，并且建立了计算机系统，使此方法程序化。利用此方法建立了分离Ｎ－二茂铁甲酰基－Ｎ＇－芳基硫脲类衍生物的最佳流动相体系。     

Optimization of supercritical fluid chromatographic separation of nitroaromatics by the overlapping resolution mapping scheme

The use of an interpretative optimization method to predict optimum conditions for the supercritical fluid chromatographic separation of nitroaromatics is demonstrated. The scheme utilizes the overlapping resolution mapping (ORM) procedure for multivariate prediction of the pressure gradient and temperature in order to separate eight nitroaromatics. Using the ORM scheme, only seven experiments were conducted before a global optimum was revealed. All the peaks were satisfactorily separated using experimental conditions derived from the scheme.     

Orosomucoid typing by isoelectric focusing: genetic variation of orosomucoid in Asian macaques (genus Macaca)

Genetic variation of orosomucoid (ORM) in the genus Macaca was investigated. Plasma samples were subjected to isoelectric focusing in a pH range of 4-6.5, followed by immunoprinting with anti-human ORM antibodies. A total of 25 alleles were identified in 231 Asian macaques belonging to 13 species from 23 populations and 22 members belonging to a family of M. fascicularis. Family data presented evidence for a codominant mode of inheritance with multi-alleles at a single autosomal locus. A population study revealed enormous intra- and interspecies variations. The heterozygosity values varied from 0.855 in M. fascicularis (Malaysia) to 0.000 in M. radiata (India), M. silenus (India) and M. arctoides (Malaysia).     

Comparison of optimization methods in planar chromatography

Summary The optimisation of chromatographic parameters is studied. The Window Diagram and Overlapping Resolution Map (ORM) methods are compared. The latter is developed to take into account the spot diameter and the average plate height variations with the development distance, in order to improve the reliability of the method.     

Logarithmic diagrams as an aid in complexometric titrations where 1:2 or 2:1 as well as 1:1 metal-ligand complexes are regarded as principal species

Logarithmic diagrams have earlier been used for theoretical treatment of complexometric titrations where only the 1:1 complex is formed in the main reaction between a metal ion M and a ligand L. This approach has now been extended to include titrations where 1:2 and 2:1 complexes are also formed. Four different types of diagram can be drawn. These diagrams can be used to determine pM (or pL) at the equivalence point, the titration ratio at different pM (or pL) values and the titration error. One of these diagrams is easy to construct and use. The method also has the advantage that it can directly indicate whether the titration is best performed with 1:1 or 2:1 (1:2) stoichiometry. Two typical examples, namely the titration of a manganese solution with triethylenetetraminehexa-acetic acid and of a copper solution with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, are discussed. The two titrations proceed with the formation of the complexes Mn(2)L (2: 1) and CuL(2) (1:2) respectively, in addition to the 1:1 complex in each instance.     

Multivariate optimization of signal intensities in atomic emission spectroscopy using overlapping resolution maps

Summary The overlapping resolution map method (ORM) formerly developed for simultaneous peak separation in chromatography has been modified and applied to multivariate optimization in atomic spectroscopy. It has been found that the method works very well for the simultaneous optimization of a set of signal intensities of m analytes in optical emission spectroscopy (OES) as functions of p independent spectroscopy variables, e.g. measuring conditions. The method works especially well in connection with computer graphics for up to three variables because the optimization results may be directly visualized. The experimental example under study was the optimization of the current intensity of the electrical arc and the concentration of NaCl as spectrochemical addition for the simultaneous determination of Cu, Mn, Si, Cr, Fe and Mg traces in highly purified Al₂O₃ powder by direct solid state OES.     

Copolymerization of 4-methyl-2-pentyne with 1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne and 1-trimethylgermyl-1-propyne with Nb-containing catalysts

It has been shown that the copolymerization of 4-methyl-2-pentyne with 1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne or 1-trimethylgermyl-1-propyne with the use of niobium pentachloride-based catalytic systems in the presence of Ph₃Bi, Et₃SiH, and Bu₄Sn as cocatalysts yields corresponding copolymers of various compositions. The technique of determining the composition of copolymers from their IR spectra has been developed. The reactivity ratios of the monomers have been estimated. It has been demonstrated that these values increase in a sequence 4-methyl-2-pentyne > 1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne > 1-trimethylgermyl-1-propyne.     

有机锡四唑乙酸酯的合成、结构与抗真菌活性

通过四唑乙酸与二丁基氧化锡(或二乙基氧化锡)反应,合成了4个新的有机锡四唑乙酸酯。它们的结构通过红外,核磁以及X-射线单晶衍射分析得到确证。生物活性测试表明,它们对小麦赤霉病菌以及禾谷丝核菌等具有一定的抑制活性。     

某些1-酰基苯并咪唑及1-酰基咪唑衍生物的合成

2-取代的苯氧甲基苯并咪唑、咪唑分别与酰氯在缚酸剂存在下反应,制备了24个新的1-酰基2-苯氧甲基苯并咪唑及1-苯氧乙酰咪唑衍生物.后者容易吸水,转变成相应的铵盐.所制得的化合物中某些经小麦垂直生长法测定表现出一定的促进或抑制生长活性.     

Stereochimie d'heterocycles du groupe IVB—I : Syntheses stereoselectives d'alcoxy-1 et d'amino-1 sila-1 cyclobutanes

Stereoselective synthéses (60 to 90%) of some silacyclobutanes were performed by alcoholysis or aminolysis of 2 (or 3)-methyl-1-chloro-1-silacyclobutanes. Relative configurations of 2 (or 3)- methyl-1-alkoxy (or 1-amino)-1-silacyclobutanes thus prepared have been assigned from their NMR spectra. The mechanism of these stereoselective reactions, based on the rapid stereomutation of 1-chloro-1-silacyclobutanes, is discussed.     

Synthesis of 1-aryl-1H-indazoles via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular amination of aryl halides

Palladium-catalyzed cyclization of arylhydrazones of 2-bromoaldehydes and 2-bromoacetophenones to give 1-aryl-1H-indazoles has been studied in detail. The cyclization of arylhydrazone of 2-bromobenzaldehydes can be performed with good to high yields using Pd(dba)2 and chelating phosphines, of which the most effective are rac-BINAP, DPEphos, and dppf, in the presence of Cs2CO3 or K3PO4 as a base. Electron-rich, bulky ligands commonly employed for intermolecular amination such as PtBu3 and o-PhC6H4PtBu2 were shown to be ineffective for cyclization and to lead instead to extensive oligomerization and tarring. The method developed is applicable for preparation of a wide scope of indazoles bearing electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents, among them, unprotected carboxyl, as well as various indazole heteroanalogues. The cyclization of arylhydrazones of less reactive halides such as 2-chlorobenzaldehyde, as well as 2-bromoacetophenone and bromotetralone, has been achieved. The purity of the starting hydrazone has been shown to be a critical parameter, as various impurities inhibit the cyclization.