正交设计优化木贼多糖的超声提取工艺(英文)

以蒸馏水为溶剂提取,通过单因素实验和正交实验,研究料液比、超声功率、超声提取温度和超声作用时间对木贼多糖提取效果的影响。超声提取法的优化工艺条件为:料液比(g/mL)1∶20,提取温度70℃,超声功率100 W,作用时间50 min。在此条件下,木贼多糖的平均提取率为12.33%,RSD为0.16%。超声波强化提取木贼多糖省时高效。     

超声波辅助提取高效液相色谱法测定菠萝叶中小麦黄素的含量

研究超声波辅助提取菠萝叶中小麦黄素的最佳提取工艺和含量测定。利用单因素实验和正交实验,考察料液比、提取时间、提取温度、超声功率4个因素对提取工艺的的影响;采用高效液相色谱法对小麦黄素含量进行测定。菠萝叶中小麦黄素提取的最佳工艺为m(菠萝叶)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=1.0∶25(g·mL~(-1)),提取时间90min,超声提取温度75℃,超声功率192W,小麦黄素的平均收率可达0.494%(n=3)。当小麦黄素进样量在0.006～0.12 mg·mL~(-1)范围内与峰面积分值有良好的线性关系,r=0.99997,加样平均回收率为100.86%(n=5),相对标准偏差为3.24%。该方法简便有效,结果准确可靠。     

超声波辅助提取麻疯树果壳多糖及其体外抗氧化性研究

以麻疯树果壳为原料,采用超声波辅助法提取麻疯树果壳中的多糖。在单因素实验的基础上,利用正交实验优化提取条件,并采用还原能力、DPPH·有机自由基的清除能力、羟自由基的清除能力作为麻疯树果壳多糖的体外抗氧化作用评价的3个指标。结果表明,超声波辅助提取麻疯树果壳多糖的最佳工艺条件为超声功率160 W,提取温度80℃,提取时间1.0 h,料液比1∶25(g·m L-1),在此条件下多糖得率为5.96%。抗氧化实验表明,麻疯树果壳多糖具有良好的还原能力,且清除·OH及DPPH·的能力与浓度呈正相关。当麻疯树果壳多糖浓度为0.5 mg·m L-1时,对·OH及DPPH·的清除率分别达到70%和60%。因此,该本方法操作简便、高效,测定快速。     

蒙药漏芦花多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化抗菌活性研究

本文优化了蒙药漏芦花多糖的提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化和抗菌活性。以超声功率、超声温度、超声时间和浸泡时间为影响因素,多糖提取率为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上利用正交试验优化提取工艺,测定漏芦花多糖对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基清除效果,检测其抗氧化活性,涂布平板法测定多糖抗菌活性。超声波辅助法提取蒙药漏芦花多糖的最佳工艺条件为超声功率180W,超声温度70℃,超声时间30min,浸泡时间40min,在此条件下多糖得率为1.125%。抗氧化实验表明,漏芦花多糖浓度在0.5～2.5mg·mL~(-1)范围内,随着漏芦花多糖浓度增加,总还原能力不断增强;其体外清除DPPH自由基能力也随浓度增大而增强,清除率最高达72.98%;当多糖浓度为1.5mg·mL~(-1)时,漏芦花多糖体外清除羟基自由基能力最强,为7.24%。漏芦花多糖浓度为12.8mg·mL~(-1)时,对沙门氏菌的抑菌圈直径为9.72mm。超声法提取蒙药漏芦花多糖操作简便、准确、灵敏、重现性好,漏芦花多糖抗氧化能力良好,且对沙门氏菌有一定的抑菌效果。     

梁王茶茎皮多糖提取工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性研究

本文为优化梁王茶茎皮多糖(PND)的提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化活性,以多糖提取率为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上采用响应面法对超声时间、超声温度和超声功率三个影响梁王茶多糖提取工艺的主要因素进行优化;再通过DPPH、ABTS自由基清除实验和FRAP法评估其抗氧化能力。结果表明,超声提取梁王茶茎皮多糖的最佳工艺条件为超声时间120 min、超声温度60℃、超声功率125 W、浸泡时间20 min、液料比10∶1及乙醇浓度80%,该条件下多糖提取率为4.780%。抗氧化实验表明,梁王茶茎皮多糖浓度在1～10 mg·mL~(-1)范围内,随多糖浓度增加DPPH自由基清除能力增强,IC_(50)值为7.591±0.205 mg·mL~(-1);以Trolox当量来表示其ABTS自由基清除能力为1.464±0.194 mmol Trolox/g PND;以Fe~(2+)当量来表示其还原能力为0.302±0.020 mmol Fe~(2+)/g PND。     

超声波提取川贝母黄酮类物质的工艺优化

采用超声波提取技术提取川贝母中的黄酮类物质.考察了超声功率、乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声时间和超声温度各因素对黄酮类物质提取效率的影响.在超声功率800 W条件下,通过L_9(3~4)正交试验,确定了川贝母黄酮类物质的超声波最佳提取工艺参数:超声功率为800 W,乙醇体积分数为80%,料液比为1 g∶45 mL,超声时间为2.0 h,超声温度为45℃.在最佳提取工艺条件下进行验证试验,川贝母黄酮类物质的提取率达到77.13 mg/g,RSD值为0.39%.     

川佛手中多酚类物质的微波和超声波联合提取工艺优化

采用微波和超声波提取技术,实现了川佛手中多酚类物质的有效提取.在微波功率800 W和微波提取时间40 min的条件下,通过单因素实验条件优化,考察了超声功率、乙醇浓度、提取温度、超声时间和提取料液比对提取效率的影响;通过正交试验设计,确定了最佳提取工艺条件参数,即超声功率800 W、乙醇体积分数60%、提取温度55℃、超声时间1.0 h和提取料液比1∶20 g/m L;通过验证实验,得到川佛手多酚的提取率约为20.79 mg/g.     

茶叶多酚和多糖同步提取工艺优化及硒配合物的制备

以茶叶为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法对茶叶多酚、多糖的提取工艺进行优化;得到回归方程的预测模型。实验结果表明,最佳提取条件为茶多酚:料液比1∶53.75 g·mL~(-1)、超声时间50.00 min、乙酸乙酯33.60 mL,在此条件下茶多酚的提取率8.47%;茶多糖:料液比1∶58.42 g·mL~(-1)、超声时间41.71 min、乙酸乙酯40.00 mL,在此条件下茶多糖的提取率4.93%。采用红外光谱对茶多酚、茶多糖与Se相结合形成的配合物进行结构表征。     

皂角刺多糖的提取及抗氧化活性的研究

对皂角刺多糖的提取及抗氧化活性进行了研究。采用超声波辅助技术提取皂角刺中的多糖,用苯酚-硫酸法,以葡萄糖为标准对照物在波长484nm处测量吸光度,计算皂角刺中多糖含量。单因素试验和L9(34)正交试验得到的优化试验条件为:提取温度50℃、pH为7、提取时间40min、液料比为30比1。皂角刺中多糖的提取率为1.26%。抗氧化试验结果表明:当皂角刺多糖质量浓度为2.5g·L-1时,·OH、DPPH·及·O2-的清除率分别为88.9%,89.3%,42.3%。     

超声波强化提取地骨皮中有机酸的研究

用超声波强化提取地骨皮中有机酸,采用单因素和正交试验方法研究了提取温度、提取时间、料液比、超声波功率对地骨皮中有机酸提取量的影响规律。结果表明超声波提取法的最佳工艺条件为提取温度65℃、提取时间35 min、料液比1∶16、超声波功率135 W,在此条件下地骨皮中总有机酸提取率为2.73%。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。